基于能量平衡的层间隔震结构地震响应预测

本文建立了层间隔震结构最大地震响应时刻的能量平衡方程,利用RSS法求得隔震层与下部子结构的最大变形比,并给出了层间隔震结构全体弹性振动能、隔震层阻尼器滞回耗能和下部子结构粘滞阻尼耗能的表达式。通过引入设计用能量谱的概念,推导出了基于能量平衡的层间隔震结构地震响应预测式。最后以隔震层设置位置变化的12层层间隔震结构为仿真对象,验证了响应预测式的精度。结果表明,对于不同的输入地震波,响应预测曲线包络了大多数时程分析的结果,吻合良好。     

New algorithms for improved adaptive convex combination of LMS transversal filters

Among all adaptive filtering algorithms, Widrow and Hoff's least mean square (LMS) has probably become the most popular because of its robustness, good tracking properties and simplicity. A drawback of LMS is that the step size implies a compromise between speed of convergence and final misadjustment. To combine different speed LMS filters serves to alleviate this compromise, as it was demonstrated by our studies on a two filter combination that we call combination of LMS filters (CLMS). Here, we extend this scheme in two directions. First, we propose a generalization to combine multiple LMS filters with different steps that provides the combination with better tracking capabilities. Second, we use a different mixing parameter for each weight of the filter in order to make independent their adaption speeds. Some simulation examples in plant identification and noise cancellation applications show the validity of the new schemes when compared to the CLMS filter and to other previous variable step approaches.     

Topology optimization for stationary fluid–structure interaction problems using a new monolithic formulation

This paper outlines a new procedure for topology optimization in the steady‐state fluid–structure interaction (FSI) problem. A review of current topology optimization methods highlights the difficulties in alternating between the two distinct sets of governing equations for fluid and structure dynamics (hereafter, the fluid and structural equations, respectively) and in imposing coupling boundary conditions between the separated fluid and solid domains. To overcome these difficulties, we propose an alternative monolithic procedure employing a unified domain rather than separated domains, which is not computationally efficient. In the proposed analysis procedure, the spatial differential operator of the fluid and structural equations for a deformed configuration is transformed into that for an undeformed configuration with the help of the deformation gradient tensor. For the coupling boundary conditions, the divergence of the pressure and the Darcy damping force are inserted into the solid and fluid equations, respectively. The proposed method is validated in several benchmark analysis problems. Topology optimization in the FSI problem is then made possible by interpolating Young's modulus, the fluid pressure of the modified solid equation, and the inverse permeability from the damping force with respect to the design variables. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

New scheduling algorithms and digital tool for dynamic permutation flowshop with newly arrived order

The permutation flowshop scheduling problem has been widely studied under static environment by assuming machines and jobs are available at the time of zero. However, in reality, new orders arrive at production systems randomly, which leads to sheer complexity in scheduling due to the dynamic changes given various constraints of resources. Previous studies simply attach new orders directly after the existing schedule. Recent study shows mixing jobs of old and new orders could result in better scheduling solutions. But the heuristic algorithms are still lacking to implement the job mixing policy. To address this problem, a novel scheduling strategy is herein proposed by integrating match-up strategy and real-time strategy (MR) in order to make use of the remaining time before the old order due date. Based on the new MR strategy, eleven new heuristics are introduced with ten existing and one new priority rules. Computational results illustrate the effectiveness of the new heuristics. A digital tool is developed for ease of application of these heuristics, and it is validated by case studies.     

Usage scenarios for design space exploration with a dynamic multiobjective optimization formulation

In a recent publication, we presented a new strategy for engineering design and optimization, which we termed formulation space exploration. The formulation space for an optimization problem is the union of all variable and design objective spaces identified by the designer as being valid and pragmatic problem formulations. By extending a computational search into this new space, the solution to any optimization problem is no longer predefined by the optimization problem formulation. This method allows a designer to both diverge the design space during conceptual design and converge onto a solution as more information about the design objectives and constraints becomes available. Additionally, we introduced a new way to formulate multiobjective optimization problems, allowing the designer to change and update design objectives, constraints, and variables in a simple, fluid manner that promotes exploration. In this paper, we investigate three usage scenarios where formulation space exploration can be utilized in the early stages of design when it is possible to make the greatest contributions to development projects. Specifically, we look at formulation space boundary exploration, Pareto frontier generation for multiple concepts in the formulation space, and a new way to perform targeted boundary expansion. The benefits of these methods are illustrated with the conceptual design of an impact driver.     

Thermal signature characteristics of vehicle/terrain interaction disturbances: implications for battlefield vehicle classification

Thermal emissivity spectra (8-14 microm) of track impressions/background were determined in conjunction with operation of six military vehicle types, T-72 and M1 Tanks, an M2 Bradley Fighting Vehicle, a 5-ton truck, a D7 tractor, and a High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV), over diverse soil surfaces to determine if vehicle type could be related to track thermal signatures. Results suggest soil compaction and fragmentation/pulverization are primary parameters affecting track signatures and that soil and vehicle/terrain-contact type determine which parameter dominates. Steel-tracked vehicles exert relatively low ground-contact pressure but tend to fragment/pulverize soil more so than do rubber-tired vehicles, which tend mainly to compact. In quartz-rich, lean clay soil tracked vehicles produced impressions with spectral contrast of the quartz reststrahlen features decreased from that of the background. At the same time, 5-ton truck tracks exhibited increased contrast on the same surface, suggesting that steel tracks fragmented soil while rubber tires mainly produced compaction. The structure of materials such as sand and moist clay-rich river sediment makes them less subject to further fragmentation/pulverization; thus, compaction was the main factor affecting signatures in these media, and both tracked and wheeled vehicles created impressions with increased spectral contrast on these surfaces. These results suggest that remotely sensed thermal signatures could differentiate tracked and wheeled vehicles on terrain in many areas of the world of strategic interest. Significant applications include distinguishing visually/spectrally identical lightweight decoys from actual threat vehicles.     

An improved predictor/multi-corrector algorithm for a time-discontinuous Galerkin finite element method in structural dynamics

This work presents an improved predictor/multi-corrector algorithm for linear structural dynamics problems, based on the time-discontinuous Galerkin finite element method. The improved algorithm employs the Gauss–Seidel method to calculate iteratively the solutions that exist in the phase of the predictor/multi-corrector of the numerical implementation. Stability analyses of iterative algorithms reveal that such an improved scheme retains the unconditionally stable behavior with greater efficiency than another iterative algorithm. Also, numerical examples are presented, demonstrating that the proposed method is more stable and accurate than several commonly used algorithms in structural dynamic applications. Received 18 June 1999     

Topology optimization of acoustic–structure interaction problems using a mixed finite element formulation

The paper presents a gradient‐based topology optimization formulation that allows to solve acoustic–structure (vibro‐acoustic) interaction problems without explicit boundary interface representation. In acoustic–structure interaction problems, the pressure and displacement fields are governed by Helmholtz equation and the elasticity equation, respectively. Normally, the two separate fields are coupled by surface‐coupling integrals, however, such a formulation does not allow for free material re‐distribution in connection with topology optimization schemes since the boundaries are not explicitly given during the optimization process. In this paper we circumvent the explicit boundary representation by using a mixed finite element formulation with displacements and pressure as primary variables (a u /p‐formulation). The Helmholtz equation is obtained as a special case of the mixed formulation for the elastic shear modulus equating to zero. Hence, by spatial variation of the mass density, shear and bulk moduli we are able to solve the coupled problem by the mixed formulation. Using this modelling approach, the topology optimization procedure is simply implemented as a standard density approach. Several two‐dimensional acoustic–structure problems are optimized in order to verify the proposed method. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis of space mapping algorithms for application to partitioned fluid–structure interaction problems

Fluid–structure interactions (FSI) play a crucial role in many engineering fields. However, the computational cost associated with high‐fidelity aeroelastic models currently precludes their direct use in industry, especially for strong interactions. The strongly coupled segregated problem—that results from domain partitioning—can be interpreted as an optimization problem of a fluid–structure interface residual. Multi‐fidelity optimization techniques can therefore directly be applied to this problem in order to obtain the solution efficiently. In previous work, it is already shown that aggressive space mapping (ASM) can be used in this context. In this contribution, we extend the research towards the use of space mapping for FSI simulations. We investigate the performance of two other approaches, generalized space mapping and output space mapping, by application to both compressible and incompressible 2D problems. Moreover, an analysis of the influence of the applied low‐fidelity model on the achievable speedup is presented. The results indicate that output space mapping is a viable alternative to ASM when applied in the context of solver coupling for partitioned FSI, showing similar performance as ASM and resulting in reductions in computational cost up to 50% with respect to the reference quasi‐Newton method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新能源汽车动态工况EMI测试系统构架设计与关键技术分析

针对当前新能源汽车EMI测试系统速度慢、不适用多频率测试、系统集成化程度低、不满足动态工况的问题,提出系统需求分析。在保留原有独立系统基础上提出高效便捷的集成方案与测试框架,对其中的制动压力测量、EMI快速测试、数据同步等关键技术提供方法和思路,为实现新能源汽车动态工况EMI测试奠定坚实的基础。     

Simulation of crashworthiness problems with improved contact algorithms for implicit time integration

When studying crashworthiness problems, contact simulation can be the source of a number of problems. A first one is the discontinuities in the normal evolution for a boundary discretized by finite elements. Another problem is the treatment of the contact forces that can introduce numerical energy in the system. In this paper, we propose to combine a method of discontinuity smoothing with the energy–momentum consistent scheme that recently appeared in the literature.     

Optimisation of a vehicle energy absorbing steel component with experimental validation

The paper deals with the optimisation of a tapered tubular steel component to be used as an energy-absorbing device in the front structure of a vehicle body. Aim of the optimisation problem is the minimisation of a load uniformity parameter evaluated as the ratio between the maximum and the average crushing loads. The optimisation problem takes into account two design variables describing a tapered geometrical configuration, the diameter of the component at one of its bounds and the tapering length. Two improved geometrical configurations have been found and have been experimentally tested to verify the numerical results with impact velocities up to 10 m/s.     

耗能减振层对某超高层结构的减振控制研究

本文以某288m超高层框架－核心筒结构的减振控制为研究对象,针对该工程的自身特点提出了设置非线性粘滞阻尼器、铅粘弹性阻尼器耗能减振层的六种控制方案。在10年一遇风振作用下,利用改进的自回归AR模型模拟了结构Y方向的脉动风荷载时程,并对该结构进行了不同控制方案下的风振控制研究,同时针对该结构进行了7度小震和中震作用下的阻尼减震控制研究。对比分析了不同控制方案下耗能减振层对结构地震与风振作用的减振效果,结果表明本文提出的六种控制方案不仅能有效抑制结构的风致振动,显著改善结构的风振舒适度,对结构顶层峰值加速度响应的最大降幅达40％,而且还能提高结构在地震作用下的可靠性,进一步证明了耗能减振层对于超高层结构抗风与抗震的有效性和可行性,提出了风振与地震作用下设置耗能减振层超高层结构的分析与设计建议。     

Development of a new esomeprazole delayed release gastro-resistant pellet formulation with improved storage stability

This study describes the development of a new esomeprazole (ESO) delayed release gastro-resistant formulation with improved storage stability. A three-step (drug-, sub(seal)- and enteric-) coating process was employed with the aid of a fluid bed coater. Several formulation factors (namely, size and quantity of starting non-pareil sugar spheres, binder quantity during drug-layering, sub(seal)-coating polymer type, and quantity and enteric coating quantity) were evaluated and the whole process was modeled with the aid of feed-forward back-propagation artificial neural networks (ANNs). Results showed that the selection of small-sized starting spheres (45/60 mesh size) leads to pellet agglomeration, while as sub(seal)-coating weight gain increases a reduction in ESO dissolution rate is observed. The enteric-coating applied (Eudragit L30D-55) showed good gastro-resistant performance in both 0.1 N HCl and pH 4.5 media, while immediate release profiles with more than 85% of ESO being released in less than 30?min were obtained. The effect of cellulose-based sub(seal)-coating polymers, (namely, hydroxypropyl cellulose and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose) on formulation’s storage stability at 40?±?2?°C/75?±?5%RH indicated that only hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose was able to stabilize ESO delayed-release formulations in terms of assay, dissolution, impurities, and gastro-resistance performance. Finally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed smooth and homogeneous external surface/coating layers in all three levels (drug-, sub(seal)-, and enteric- coating), while x-ray diffraction showed no polymorphic transformations.     

Study of the dynamic interaction of a domain wall with a pinningplane

The motion of a domain wall under the action of an alternating magnetic field was studied during its interaction with a pinning plane. First and second harmonics of the electronic force were measured by a lock-in amplifier, using a computer-controlled system. Good agreement was obtained between theory and experiment. Therefore, results of these experiments were used to determine the characteristics of the pinning place in the sample. The optimal frequency and amplitude of the exciting field have been investigated using this effect and have been used to develop a magnetic sensor     

Numerical manifold method for dynamic consolidation of saturated porous media with three-field formulation

In terms of the three-field formulation of Biot's dynamic consolidation theory, the numerical manifold method (NMM) is developed, where the same approximation to skeleton displacement ( u ) and fluid velocity ( w ) is employed and able to reflect incompressible as well as compressible deformation, but the approximation to pore pressure (p ) takes two different types, respectively. The first type of approximation to p is continuous piecewise linear interpolation and the second type assumes that p is a constant within each element. It is verified that using the second type of approximation to p naturally satisfies the inf-sup condition even in the limits of rigid skeleton and very low permeability, avoiding the locking problem accordingly. Energy components done by various forces are calculated to verify the accuracy and stability of the time integration scheme. A mass lumping technique in the NMM framework is employed to effectively reduce the unphysical oscillations and increase computational efficiency, which is another unique advantage of NMM over other numerical methods. A number of numerical tests are conducted to demonstrate the robustness and versatility of the proposed mixed NMM models.     

三向耦合非线性重型汽车建模及动力学分析

分析汽车各向运动的耦合作用规律,建立23自由度三向耦合重型汽车整车模型,推导系统运动微分方程。将非线性Gim模型与垂向点接触轮胎模型结合描述三向非线性轮胎力,建立6个一阶常微分方程,以实时计算各车轮转速计算滑移率。通过数值积分计算车辆转向制动、匀速直线及方向盘角跃阶时的动态响应,并与传统的操纵稳定性模型、平顺性模型、虚拟样机模型及试验数据比较,验证所建模型的有效性。通过分析耦合作用对汽车响应影响表明,该耦合模型可同时研究汽车在复杂工况的平顺性、操纵稳定性及制动性。     

The interaction of electromagnetic radiation with a plasma stream of a space vehicle electrojet thruster

The interaction of an electromagnetic wave with a plasma stream of a space vehicle electrojet thruster was studied within the framework of the plane-and spherical-layer solid dielectric models. The problem of electromagnetic compatibility of the space vehicle radio systems is significantly complicated by the predicted phenomenon, whereby a solution in the vicinity of a zero permittivity may qualitative change with small variations of the problem parameters. The proposed theory provides for an exact solution of the problem of electromagnetic wave diffraction on two bodies. The results of calculations are presented.     

Efficiency comparison of an augmented finite element formulation with standard return mapping algorithms for elastic-inelastic materials

The numerical simulation of elastic-inelastic material behaviour is reviewed and an alternative method, i.?e., an augmented Finite Element (FE) formulation is presented. For the augmented FE formulation, the history variables, which provide the information of inelastic deformations from previous time-steps, are represented as FE functions. The discretisation of the augmented system results in additional degrees of freedom (DOF). As a result, generally accepted standard formulations for evaluating inelastic deformations in a numeric sub-step can now be replaced by a fully coupled Newton method. Then, it is not required to solve additional local systems. Both numerical methods are exemplarily applied to a viscoplastic Perzyna-type regularisation of softening material behaviour within a geometrically linear approach in order to simulate the development of shear bands occurring in a tensile bar. Numerical studies prove comparative results, while exhibiting a computational speed-up for the augmented FE formulation.     

New algorithms of interpolations for a computer numerical control system

Abstract

This paper presents new algorithms of linear interpolation and circular interpolation. These algorithms have the advantages of increasing speed and accuracy compared with the conventional algorithms. They are tested by some part‐programs in a microcomputer system with an X‐Y recorder.