Some Statistical Aspects of the Economics of Analytical Testing

In establishing an economical testing program the costs of routine analytical tests must be weighed against losses due to shipping material which is either above or below stated specifications. A method for obtaining an optimum sampling and testing procedure is described and examples given.     

Packaging information system

The Packaging Information System is a basic module concerned with the creation of the expert system Risk-Engineering. The structure of this expert system was briefly described in Copenhagen at the IAPRI'92 symposium. It provides information about transport, handling and warehousing needs. The databank of this information system has the following components

• —general regulations
• —specific packaging data
• —specific goods data
• —goods and packaging testing methods

and is used to solve demanding problems, allowing the planner to concentrate on other important assignments. In combination with other modules of the expert system Risk-Engineering, it has at its disposal a range of experience and knowledge of various specialist resources.     

双氧水包装桶质检抽样与测试规范

根据双氧水包装技术要求对包装桶制质检抽样与测试方法进行了科学规范     

An overview of MICKEY: A knowledge-based hardware-software codesign framework for microprocessor-based systems

We present the architecture of a second-generation expert system for the automated design of microprocessor-based systems. A novel feature is the integration of a device handbook knowledge base with a shallow expert system, to provide resilience and deep reasoning capability. The design tasks, knowledge sources, behaviour modelling scheme, behaviour mapping algorithms, and inter-layer communication are briefly described.     

纸箱封装机折页机构的设计与研究

目的 为解决现有的纸箱自动化包装生产线上纸箱封装机的折页机构折侧页不可靠、无法对多规格的纸箱进行折页的问题,设计一种可靠、适用于多规格的纸箱折页机构以提高纸箱包装质量和包装效率。方法 通过对折页功能、纸箱状态和封装机整体进行分析研究,设计2组纸箱折页机构;用机构的动态静力分析方法对2组折页机构进行运动学分析和动力学分析,用Matlab对运动学方程和动力学方程求解;用SolidWorks软件对2组折页机构进行结构设计和三维建模;将所设计的2组折页机构实物组装在封装机上进行现场试验。结果 运动学分析结果表明,2组折页机构带动纸箱页旋转的最终角位移能够准确地使纸箱页完成折叠工作;动力学分析结果表明,2组折页机构所需的驱动力矩和驱动力符合动力元件的力矩和力的使用范围。现场试验结果表明,所设计的折页机构能够对多种规格的纸箱实现可靠的折页工作。结论 该纸箱折页机构能够可靠地完成不同规格的纸箱折页工作,实现了纸箱折页的自动化与柔性化,可在一定程度上提高纸箱包装生产线的包装效率。     

The development of a strategic information system applied to packaging design

This study aims to develop a strategic information system applied to packaging design. Previously, we could not computerize the whole packaging design process because:

• (i) The safety factors with respect to the various environmental conditions of distribution had not been determined accurately
• (ii) The pallet loading pattern could not be found by means of computational algorithms approximating the judgment of expert operators
• (iii) There were no methods for inputting data except through the keyboard

As described in this report, we derived the degradation factor concerning the actual compressive strength through various experiments and structured a rulebase using specialized deductions based on the intuition and long years of experience of our engineers. The results of this study show that it is now possible to develop a strategic information system applied to packaging design, combining the database, production-rule-based systems for pallet loading pattern, compressive strength analysis and barcode system.     

乳化炸药包装工艺的改进研究

文章对采用塑膜包装的乳化炸药药卷装药规格和包装方式提出了改进建议,阐述了一种新的包装工艺和设备组合设计方案,并从生产效率、经济效益和安全性等几个方面对新方案进行了分析和讨论,为解决大产能乳化炸药生产线包装生产效率低的问题提出一种新的思路和方法。分析结果表明:新的乳化炸药包装工艺比现行的包装工艺生产效率提高一倍多,设计产能可达10 t/h以上,按照年产24000 t乳化炸药计算,每年可节约包装材料成本600～900万元。     

Communication with your packaging: possibilities for intelligent functions and identification methods in packaging

Intelligent functions in packaging can have all kinds of forms. This paper focuses on methods of identifying a packaging and other important tasks which can be performed after identification: tracing, tracking, monitoring and sensing of conditions. The recent developments in ID‐technology and sensor technology make it possible to integrate intelligent identification tasks in low‐cost packaging systems in logistic usage. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于模糊聚类分析的军用附属油料包装规格优化研究

目的为军用附属油料包装规格的优化找到科学的研究方法,以改善现有包装。方法运用聚类和模糊聚类方法,实例研究附属油料包装规格优化问题。结果模糊聚类方法在处理军用附属油包装规格优化这类复杂问题时更加贴近实际。结论对开展基于装备需求为牵引的军用附属油料包装规格优化研究有一定的指导意义。     

Feature-driven,process-based approach to the integration of CAD /CAM in wireframe models

This paper presents a structure for an integrated CAD/CAM system in wireframe models than can be simultaneously used for product design and manufacture of prismatic components. A feature-driven, process-based design methodology, which derives its basis from traditional geometry-based design, feature-based design, deterministic and expert heuristic manufacturing knowledge, is proposed. This methodology provides an integrated modelling environment for automation of downstream manufacturing applications such as process planning and NC code generation. Representation of features in the design database is not limited to geometry alone but includes material, tooling and machine specifications and is based on a process-to-geometry mapping. Research shows that informational completeness of a CAD database depends on application; and for manufacturing tasks, the vocabulary of the process describing the means of making a part should be mapped directly to the feature-based geometry. This effort answers key issues in integrating CAD and CAM in the most widely used wireframe modelling systems.     

一种高精度的新型双坐标电子水平仪的研究

介绍一种新型的高精度、双坐标、低成本电子水平仪的研究与开发。论述了其总体设计思想，并对机械、电子等主要参数的确定方法及精度检定等进行了深入的讨论。通过对仪器的实用性和精度指标的分析，表明该仪器在机床、汽车、飞机和轮船等制造领域有着广泛的应用前景。     

个人用坝工专家系统的应用研究

本课题的研究工作是针对水利工程中的坝工设计问题而进行的,根据坝工设计的基本准则和设计中基本过程从三方面进行应用研究,建立相应的系统并组成一个《个人用坝工专家系统》简称PESDE系统(Application Research of Personal Expert System in Dam Engineering)。该系统是在IBM—PC/XT微机上加以实现的。三个子系统分别为: (1)第1个子统——坝型选择系统,简称为CDT系统(Choice the Dam Type) (2)第2个子统——混凝土重力坝剖面设计系统。简称为CGDPD系统(Concrete Gravity Dam Profile Design) (3)第3个子统——重力坝结构分析系统。简称为SAGD系统(Sturctural Analysis of the Gravity Dam)     

以史为鉴努力开创包装工程专业新局面

系统回顾和总结了湖北工学院16年来建设包装工程专业的成功经验和深刻的教训，以期与我国包装界同行和专家进行交流与探讨，努力开创我国包装工程专业新局面。     

卷筒卫生纸包装结构设计改进研究

通过市场调研及对消费者问卷的分析总结,发现了目前市场上的卷筒卫生纸包装存在的主要问题:销售包装较长,不便携带;提手强度及舒适度不佳;包装袋侧裂且包装规格较少等。通过对大量的设计实例进行归纳总结,建立了内包装、系列化销售包装的设计模型,有助于解决卷筒卫生纸包装现有的问题,同时方便生产企业进行快速包装结构设计。     

Expert systems and the emergence of teledesign

This paper considers the extent to which the amateur use of expert systems for home design challenges traditional views of the design process. The issues are examined in the context of competing definitions of design. The emergence of a design process characterised as ‘teledesign’ is then considered, wherein retailers provide a CAD/CAM service to consumers, allowing the latter to use expert systems to modify template designs and get products fabricated to their own specifications. Such a system may be seen to empower consumers as designers, rather than just selectors of products, and would differ considerably from established paradigms of design, manufacture and consumption, such as that given by Baudrillard.     

美军军品包装技术标准体系建设研究

目的通过研究美军军品包装技术标准和其包装工作的发展变化,总结经验教训,为我军提供借鉴。方法广泛收集美军军品包装技术标准文件和法规制度,并翻译整理、分析类比、归纳总结。结论美军军品包装技术标准体系健全,条令规范较具适用性;包装组织健全完善,包装工作规范有序;包装技术先进可靠,包装材料不断创新,值得我军学习参考。同时,也有一些失败的教训需要在工作中注意汲取。     

电商包装存在问题及对策

目的研究电商包装存在的问题,并提出解决对策。方法采用查阅文献、网络调研等分析电商包装的特点,并基于电商包装的现状剖析其当前存在的突出问题,针对性地提出解决对策。结果通过对电商包装现阶段存在问题的深入研究,提出要从根本上解决电商包装包装不足、过度包装、环保问题突出、包装规格过多、用户体验不佳等问题,需要政府、包装企业、快递企业、电商企业等多方配合,共同提升电商包装回收利用率,要从产品包装设计、包装材料选择、包装操作规范和包装标准制定等多方面规范电商包装全流程,不断提升用户体验。结论电商包装现阶段仍然存在诸多问题,只有参与各方共同努力,协同改进电商包装中的问题,才能使电商包装回归本质、绿色环保、方便快捷。     

The tightness of retail packaging: A selection of test methods to be used for a wide range of packed products

The tightness of retail packagings and of their closures is of primary importance both for domestic and industrial products. For this reason, a research programme designed to establish proper testing methods for a wide range of ‘packaging + product’ combinations, in order to check their tightness or permeability, was set up. All the available testing methods were reviewed, the most reliable ones selected and their sensitivity determined. More than 200 combinations of ‘packaging + product’ belonging to five families of consumer products were examined and their tightness/permeability problems noted. Finally, specific testing methods were assigned to each combination of ‘packaging + product’. All these examples are currently in use in the packaging laboratory as a guideline for the testing of every kind of packaging.     

Building a logical model in the machining domain for CAPP expert systems

Recently, extensive efforts have been made on the application of expert system technique to solving the process planning task in the machining domain. This paper introduces a new formal method to design CAPP expert systems. The formal method is applied to provide a contour of the CAPP expert system building technology. Theoretical aspects of the formalism are described and illustrated by an example of know-how analysis. Flexible facilities to utilize multiple knowledge types and multiple planning strategies within one system are provided by the technology.     

兵器装备产品防护包装标准体系探析

给出了兵器产品防护包装标准体系结构框图,列出了指导兵器产品包装的3个层次的标准和规范(S&S),即管理和协调层次、技术基础层次和产品包装规范层次,并对列出顶层管理层次的标准和规范的理由进行了说明。指出了中间层次,即技术基础层次的某些标准需要修订,另有一些新的标准需要制订。为实现兵器产品防护包装标准化,将兵器产品划分为9个类别。每个类别中的产品均要求按其作战使用特征提出系列化的包装方案,以便按一定的防护级别进行包装,并组合成单元货载。