Mechanical properties of type 304 stainless steel sheet produced by twin-roll strip casting process

Tensile properties and formability of type 304 stainless steel sheets which were cast by a twin-roll type strip caster and thereafter cold-rolled are examined and compared with those of conventionally processed sheets. The results exhibit that the strip casting processed sheets have mechanical properties almost equal to the conventional ones. Furthermore, it is found that the degree of plastic anisotropy caused by crystallographic anisotropy in the present sheets is weaker than that in the conventional ones.     

Design of a high-precision twin-roll strip caster

During strip casting,the thickness deviation of casting strip directly affects the quality of the hot-rolled sheet because the casting strip needs to be rolled only once. To accurately control the gap between casting rolls and reduce the thickness deviation of the casting strip,a conceptual design of a prestressed twin-roll caster is proposed herein; this caster involves the setting of a constant pressure balancing cylinder between the chocks of two casting rolls. The balancing cylinder hydraulic system adopts a three-way servo valve that controls the hydraulic cylinder.The parameters of the hydraulic power components are determined using the principle of optimal power matching,and the hydraulic system model of the balancing cylinder is thus established. The dynamic analysis and simulation of the hydraulic system are performed using finite element model to obtain relevant evaluation indexes. Finally,the hydraulic system is corrected using proportional-integral-derivative( PID) correction to achieve a well-controlled effect. Thus,the engineering requirements of the strip casting process can be met.     

Analysis of surface microcracks in low-carbon steel produced via twin-roll strip casting

In this study,morphological and microstructural analyses were conducted on net-shaped microcracks appearing on the surface of low-carbon steel manufactured via twin-roll strip casting. The fractograph and microscale distribution of elements in the cracked region were also analyzed. Results revealed that the cracked surfaces were characterized by slight pits,along with inclusions composed of manganese and silicon oxide distributed along both the sides of the cracks. Fractograph analysis revealed that the crack and smooth dendrite surfaces were oxidized. These phenomena indicate that microcracks on the cast strip surface form at the hightemperature stage of the solidification process during twin-roll casting and rolling. Microcracks were present in each region with pits in the cast strip and extended along the dendrite interface because of the combined effects of phasechange stress,thermal stress,mechanical stress,and fractional crystallization during the solidification process.     

特种合金双辊薄带连铸生产技术进展

双辊薄带连铸技术（TRC）已发展到产业化的初级阶段,如日本新日铁、德国Eurostrip、美国Castrip、韩国Postrip等公司的薄带连铸生产能力已达30～50万t/a,多炉连浇时间超过10h。介绍了多种特种合金,如髙硅电工钢（w（Si）为4.5%～6.5%）、高速钢、Invar合金、Inconel合金、TWIP钢等可用双辊薄带连铸,一次性形成毫米级薄带。由于高速冷凝,晶粒细化,成分偏析极少,生产成本低,成材率高,TRC是当前双辊薄带连铸产业化的新途径之一。     

双辊薄带连铸熔池密闭方法及结构分析

双辊薄带连铸生产薄带钢技术具有节能环保、工艺流程短等优点.对已公开的薄带连铸熔池密闭室工作方法及结构形式进行了分析,并按照功能和结构将熔池密闭室分为:可分段控制铸辊冷却强度的熔池密闭室装置、多气体腔室的熔池密闭室装置、采用混合气体影响熔池传热的熔池密闭装置以及能主动去除熔池表面浮渣的熔池密闭室装置等,最后总结了一套密闭室的设计思路.     

双辊薄带连铸生产不锈钢技术探讨

不锈钢是双辊薄带连铸工艺重点开发的钢种之一.综述了不锈钢的分类和性能特点,简要介绍了不锈钢的几种生产型式,详细讨论了双辊薄带连铸生产不锈钢的技术要点和难点.     

Development of laboratory scale thin strip caster and investigation of direct casting of AISI 304 stainless steel

Abstract

An unequal diameter (1 : 3), two roll thin strip casting machine has been designed and fabricated for investigation of the direct casting of thin strip on a laboratory scale. The system consists of a preheatable shallow tundish with online heating facility, water cooled rotating rolls (chill and auxiliary) for solidification of the liquid metal, and a stripper assembly. The machine has a variable speed. Roll gap setting and roll pressure adjustment are two important features of the machine. It is also possible to vary the placement angle of the auxiliary roll with respect to the chill roll. A heat transfer model was developed, based on experimental casting results. Experiments were conducted using AISI 304 grade stainless steel. Up to 100 kg of steel was cast without interruption into strips of widths 100 and 200 mm and thickness varying between 1 and 2 mm. Some of the process parameters affecting the quality of the strip were identified.     

硼对薄板坯连铸连轧低碳深冲钢板织构的影响

以薄板坯连铸连轧(CSP)工艺下生产的含B和无B低碳热轧、罩式退火板为实验材料,研究了B对低碳深冲钢板织构的影响.利用电解化学相分析、内耗和拉曼实验等方法和结果,从化学成分、析出物两个方面对热轧、退火板中织构的形成与发展进行了系统分析.结果表明:无B热轧板的AlN含量比含B热轧板中的高,后者的织构优于前者;退火板中含B钢和无B钢中AlN含量几乎相等,然而无B退火板织构优于含B退火板的.AlN不是影响织构发展的唯一决定因素,B、BN也会影响织构的发展.     

Fabrication of stainless steel foil utilizing chromized steel strip

Stainless steel foil has properties which are, in many respects, unmatched by alternative thin films. The high strength to weight ratio and resistance to corrosion and oxidation at elevated temperatures are generally advantageous. The aerospace and automotive industries have used Type 430 and 304 foil in turbine engine applications. Foil around 2 mils (5.1 × 10^-3 cm) thick has been appropriate for the recuperator or heat exchanger and this product has also been used in honeycomb and truss-core structures. Further, such foil has been employed as a wrap to protect tool steel parts from contamination during heat treating. A large part of the high cost of producing stainless steel foil by rolling is due to the complicated and expensive rolling mill and annealing equipment involved. A method will be described which produces (solid) stainless steel foil from chromized (coated) steel which can be cheaper than the conventional processing stainless steel, such as Type 430, from ingot to foil. Also, the material is more ductile and less work hardenable during processing to foil and consequently intermediate annealing treatments are eliminated and scrap losses minimized. Formerly with National Steel Corporation, Research and Development Department, Weirton, WV An erratum to this article is available at .     

Study of measurement and control of free loop of hot steel strip in twin-roll strip casting

In the twin-roll strip casting process,hot cast strips can be broken or torn if the casting speed does not match the rolling speed.Usually,a certain length of hot steel strip is hung freely between the caster and rolling mill to deal with the effect of this speed difference.In this paper,the freely hanging hot steel strip is referred to as the free loop of hot steel strip.Accurately measuring and controlling the height of this free loop is the key factor in maintaining a stable casting operation.Several methods for measuring the loop height of a steel strip are discussed and a method for accurately measuring and controlling the free loop height of hot steel strip is presented.Based on the results of the casting loop quantity change curve,this control method is confirmed to be effective and able to meet the requirements of continuous casting strip production.     

转炉薄板坯连铸生产超低碳钢

通过铁水脱硫—转炉—(LF+RH)—薄板坯连铸机工艺路线生产超低碳钢,可有效控制钢中碳、氮含量,其中碳质量分数不大于0.0030%,氮质量分数不大于0.0035%。该工艺还可提高钢水的纯净度和可浇性,实现连铸的多炉连浇。     

Texture enhancement by inoculation during casting of ferritic stainless steel strip

Melt/substrate contacting experiments, designed to approximate conditions encountered during strip casting, were carried out to produce as-cast ferritic stainless steel strip. The results show that inoculation of the melt to produce TiN particles, together with casting onto a smooth substrate, results in the optimum conditions for nucleation and subsequent growth of an exceedingly high volume fraction of ferrite grains with 〈001〉 oriented within a few degrees of the normal direction (ND) of the strip surface. It is argued that, during casting, TiN particles either nucleate or deposit onto the substrate with 〈001〉 parallel to the ND, and since these particles exhibit crystallographic features similar to δ-ferrite, subsequent epitaxial growth inherits the initial particle orientation. Such oriented nucleation of ferrite from a smooth substrate results in the optimum heat-transfer conditions for further growth of dendrites with 〈001〉 perpendicular to the substrate, thus producing the intense through-thickness 〈001〉//ND fiber texture in the as-cast strip. The potential for producing grain-oriented silicon iron by direct strip casting is outlined.     

Texture development of strip cast ferritic stainless steel

The textures and the mechanical properties of a strip cast, cold rolled and recrystallized ferritic stainless steel with 16% Cr have been investigated and compared to conventionally processed hot band. The strip cast initial material exposed three improvements. First, the textures were weaker and more homogeneous through the sheet thickness. Second, it revealed a higher Lankfort value and third, the complete elimination of the ridging phenomenon.     

转炉-矩形坯连铸生产20CrMnTiH齿轮钢工业试验

本溪钢铁集团有限公司采用"铁水脱硫预处理→复吹转炉冶炼→LF→RH→矩形坯连铸→热送步进式加热炉→24架高刚度短应力线连轧机组→保温→精整包装"的工艺路线成功地试生产了20CrMnTiH齿轮钢.其产品Φ90～180 mm齿轮钢化学成分均达到窄范围控制指标,各项物理检验指标完全满足技术条件要求.     

不锈钢热轧带钢和盘条的生产

通过不锈钢热轧盘条和带钢的试制 ,为公司开发不锈钢、合金钢系列产品积累经验     

Crystal-plasticity analysis of ridging in ferritic stainless steel sheets

The occurrence of ridging in ferritic stainless steel (FSS) sheets is caused by the collective deformation of bandlike clusters of grains with a similar crystallographic orientation. In this article, largescale (1.8×3.6 mm) orientation maps obtained by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) are input into a viscoplastic self-consistent polycrystal plasticity model to analyze the strain anisotropy caused by the topographic arrangement of the recrystallization-texture orientations. Two versions of the ridging model were devised: (1) the local dispersion in strain-rate components is analyzed for the full EBSD map, and (2) narrow bands in the EBSD maps aligned parallel to the ridges on the sheet surface are considered, and the variation in macroscopic strain response from band to band is derived. The effects caused by spatial variations in through-thickness strains and in out-of-plane shears are compared and related to ridging. The model is applied to two sheets distinguished by different levels of ridging.