H∞ controller design for boilers

This paper examines the ability of the H_∞ design methodology to provide a solution to a gas- or oil-fired boiler control problem, and addresses the nontrivial application issues of the H_∞ design. The H_∞ methodology is applied to an experimentally verified heating-cogeneration boiler model which exhibits nonlinearities, instability, time delays, non-minimum phase behaviour, and coloured noise disturbances with sensor noise in the frequency range of the significant plant dynamics. The design shows that, to satisfy performance criteria, a high order controller is needed. The paper also demonstrates a trade-off between the reduction of controller order and the loss of controller performance.     

Practical multi-constraint H∞ controller synthesis from time-domain data

This paper presents a practical algorithm for MIMO controller design with multiple H^∞ norm constraints. The plant is described by its sampled-data impulse response matrix, which could be determined directly from measurements; the controller design parameters are the tap weights of an FIR discretization of the Q-(or Youla-) parameter. We approximate the H^∞ norm by the maximum transfer matrix 2-norm on an even frequency sampling over θ = [0, π]. The control design algorithm uses the Newton method to minimize two cost functions sequentially: the first determines multiple H^∞ feasibility, and the second minimizes a generalized entropy. As a design example, we control the acoustic radiation from a (mathematically modelled) submerged spherical shell. The plant-model impulse response matrix has McMillan degree 8 800. We specify and synthesize a controller that simultaneously achieves ten H^∞ constraints: one on the radiation reduction, one for stability robustness, and eight on actuator authority.     

Singular H∞ control for nonlinear systems

This paper presents a solution to the singular H_∞ control problem via state feedback for a class of nonlinear systems. It is shown that the problem of almost disturbance decoupling with stability plays a fundamental role in the solution of the considered problem. We also point out when the singular problem can be reduced to a regular one or solved via standard H_∞ technique. We must stress that the solution of the singular problem is obtained without making any approximation of it by means of regular problems. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Plant zero structure and further order reduction of a singular H∞ controller

A new class of reduced‐order controllers is obtained for the H_∞ problem. The reduced‐order controller does not compromise the performance attained by the full‐order controller. Algorithms for deriving reduced‐order H_∞ controllers are presented in both continuous and discrete time. The reduction in order is related to unstable transmission zeros of the subsystem from disturbance inputs to measurement outputs. In the case where the subsystem has no infinite zeros, the resulting order of the H_∞ controller is lower than that of the existing reduced‐order H_∞ controller designs which are based on reduced‐order observer design. Furthermore, the mechanism of the controller order reduction is analysed on the basis of the two‐Riccati equation approach. The structure of the reduced‐order H_∞ controller is investigated. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

H∞ estimation for uncertain systems

This paper deals with the problem of H_∞ estimation for linear systems with a certain type of time-varying norm-bounded parameter uncertainty in both the state and output matrices. We address the problem of designing an asymptotically stable estimator that guarantees a prescribed level of H_∞ noise attenuation for all admissible parameter uncertainties. Both an interpolation theory approach and a Riccati equation approach are proposed to solve the estimation problem, with each method having its own advantages. The first approach seems more numerically attractive whilst the second one provides a simple structure for the estimator with its solution given in terms of two algebraic Riccati equations and a parameterization of a class of suitable H_∞ estimators. The Riccati equation approach also pinpoints the ‘worst-case’ uncertainty.     

Parameterization of Sampled‐Data H∞ Output Feedback Controllers for General Nonlinear Systems

In this paper, we consider the H^∞ control problem for general nonlinear systems under sampled measurements. Sufficient conditions for the existence of H^∞ output feedback controllers are derived. The major contribution of this paper is to characterize a family of H^∞ output feedback controllers for nonaffine nonlinear systems under sampled measurements.     

Network‐based H∞ control for stochastic systems

This paper investigates the problem of network‐based control for stochastic plants. A new model of stochastic time‐delay systems is presented where both network‐induced delays and packet dropouts are taken into consideration for a sampled‐data network‐based control system. This model consists of two successive delay components in the state, and we solve the network‐based H_∞ control problem based on this model by a new stochastic delay system approach. The controller design for the sampled‐data systems is carried out in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, we illustrate the methodology by applying these results to an air vehicle control problem. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

PID controller optimization for H∞ control by linear programming

The constraints on the PID gains, which are derived from the H_∞ norm performance index by discretization of the frequency, are convex or concave depending on frequencies. This problem is a non‐convex problem, and a new method of approximating these constraints as adequate linear inequalities is proposed. Then, the optimal solution can be efficiently and successfully searched for by applying linear programming iteratively. This method is compared with methods based on barrier function and linear matrix inequality. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

H∞ control for a class of cascade switched nonlinear systems

In this paper, we investigate the H_∞ control problem for a class of cascade switched nonlinear systems consisting of two nonlinear parts which are also switched systems using the multiple Lyapunov function method. Firstly, we design the state feedback controller and the switching law, which guarantees that the corresponding closed‐loop system is globally asymptotically stable and has a prescribed H_∞ performance level. This method is suitable for a case where none of the switched subsystems is asymptotically stable. Then, as an application, we study the hybrid H_∞ control problem for a class of nonlinear cascade systems. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the feasibility of our results. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society     

Robust H∞ Control Problem For General Nonlinear Systems With Uncertainty

In this paper, both state and output feedback robust H^∞ control problems for general nonlinear systems with norm‐bound uncertainty are considered. Sufficient conditions for the existence of robust output feedback H^∞ controller are provided. State space formulas for robust H^∞ output controller are provided.     

Delay‐dependent robust H∞ controller synthesis for discrete singular delay systems

In this paper, the problems of delay‐dependent robust stability analysis, robust stabilization and robust H_∞ control are investigated for uncertain discrete‐time singular systems with state delay. First, by making use of the delay partitioning technique, a new delay‐dependent criterion is given to ensure the nominal system to be regular, causal and stable. This new criterion is further extended to singular systems with both delay and parameter uncertainties. Then, without the assumption that the considered systems being regular and causal, robust controllers are designed for discrete‐time singular time‐delay systems such that the closed‐loop systems have the characteristics of regularity, causality and asymptotic stability. Moreover, the problem of robust H_∞ control is solved following a similar line. The obtained results are dependent not only on the delay, but also on the partitioning size and the conservatism is non‐increasing with reducing partitioning size. These results are shown, via extensive numerical examples, to be much less conservative than the existing results in the literature. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On H∞-control of discrete-time nonlinear systems

Following recent works on continuous-time nonlinear H_∞-control, where connections with game theory and passivity conditions have been set, the present paper studies the corresponding problem for discrete-time systems. The paper describes sufficient conditions for the existence and the construction of a feedback law which imposes a prescribed level of disturbance attenuation with internal stability. Both cases of state feedback and measurement feedback are considered.     

A family of H∞ controllers for dissipative Hamiltonian systems

Using structure properties of dissipative Hamiltonian systems, this paper investigates the parameterization problem of H_infty controllers for such systems. A family of H_∞ controllers with full information is first obtained by interconnecting an H_∞ controller with a generalized zero‐energy‐gradient (ZEG) detectable, free generalized Hamiltonian system. Then, a family of H_∞ controllers with partial information is presented in terms of the solution to an inequality only in 2n independent variables (twice as many as the one used to characterize the state feedback) and without imposing an additional cascade condition. Both of the parameterization methods avoid solving Hamilton–Jacobi–Issacs equations (or inequalities), and thus the proposed controllers are relatively simple in form and easy in operation. Numerical experiments show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed methods. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

H∞ nonlinear filtering

This paper investigates the problem of H_∞ estimation of nonlinear processes. An estimator, which may be nonlinear, is looked for so that a given bound on the ratio between the energy of the estimation error and the energy of the oxogeneous inputs to the estimated process is achieved. Conditions for the existence of such an estimator and formulas for its derivation are obtained using both the game theory approach and the theory of dissipative systems. The results of the paper extend the recent results on H_∞ nonlinear control. They are demonstrated by a simple example of a linear system with a nonlinear measurement rule and compared with corresponding results that are obtained by the extended Kalman filter.     

The discrete-time H∞ control problem with measurement feedback

This paper is concerned with the discrete-time H_∞ control problem with measurement feedback. We extend previous results by having weaker assumptions on the system parameters. We also show explicitly the structure of H_∞ controllers. Finally, we show that it is in certain cases possible, without loss of performance, to reduce the dynamical order of the controllers.     

Fixed-order H∞ compensator design

A method is presented for the construction of fixed-order compensators to provide H_∞ norm constraint for linear control systems with exogenous disturbances. The method is based on the celebrated bounded-real lemma that predicates the H_∞ norm constraint via a Riccati inequality. The synthesis of fixed-order controllers whose dimensions are less than the order of a given plant, is demonstrated by a set of sufficient conditions along with a numerical algorithm.     

H∞ generalized minimum sensitivity control design

This paper presents a two-stage approach to the H_∞ generalized sensitivity minimization problem (H_∞-GSM) for SISO, continuous-time plants. Besides some possible advantages in the control law evaluation with respect to alternative polynomial methods, the proposed approach provides a direct link with the solution of an underlying generalized minimum variance (H₂-GMV) problem and allows one to identify the class of the joint H₂/H_∞-GMV (equalizing H₂-GMV) optimal controllers.     

H∞ control with weighting functions having purely imaginary poles—implementing internal models to H∞ controllers

The present paper considers a variant of the standard H_∞ control problem which allows one to use weighting functions having jω poles. Using the solution, one can design H_∞ controllers having prescribed jω poles such as internal models. To solve the problem, the authors propose a new requirement of closed-loop stability, called essential stability, and alternative standing assumptions imposed on the generalized plant. To write the results in the form of the so-called 2-ARE solution, the authors introduce the notion of quasi-stabilizing solutions to the algebraic Riccati equations arising in H_∞ control. The solution involves the same Riccati equations and parametrization of the controllers given by Glover and Doyle except the stability requirement on the solutions to the Riccati equations.