ISDN protocol architecture

IT IS NOW widely recognized that the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) concept is providing a useful framework for the development of future telecommunications networks and services. An ISDN can be regarded as a generalpurpose digital network capable of supporting (or integrating) a wide range of services (voice and non-voice) using a small set of standard multipurpose user-network interfaces. Relevant CCITT Recommendations (or standards) on ISDN interfaces were expected to be available in 1984, the final year of the current study period. This paper reviews CCITT progress on the architectural studies of protocols associated with ISDN's, in particular, the ISDN Protocol Reference Model being developed by Study Group XVIII. This Model, based on the concepts and principles of the ISO/CCITT Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model, aims at providing a unified framework for modeling ISDN multiservice communications and capabilities. The new Model is applied to several possible ISDN communications configurations, enabling a number of technical issues to be easily identified.     

Application profile for ISDN

The authors examine some key data processing applications to be used in conjunction with the voice and facsimile services as a platform for deploying ISDN (integrated services digital network) in North America. Special emphasis is placed on the emerging standards of both Accredited Standards Committees (ACS) T1 and X3 in an attempt to harmonize the computer and telecommunication industries towards providing the user with an integrated platform that is vendor-transparent and ubiquitous. This generic platform, which spans a large spectrum of businesses, is presented as a base context for defining user-specific needs and incubating the applications that directly relate to businesses. Distributed transaction processing, electronic data interchange, information retrieval, electronic mail, and file transfer together with seven supplementary services for voice and G4 facsimile are proposed for ISDN deployment in the marketplace. The authors describe how the relevant standards may be exercised through the various ISDN channels and emphasize the value of the North American ISDN User's Forum for commercializing this platform     

MIS-Grid for Future Mobile Communications

The ultimate target of mobile communications is to afford any service for anyone anywhere at anytime. The developments for this target have been receiving close attentions during the past decade. At present, many countries and communications unions all open out their standards and productions in order to occupy the future communications market. Meanwhile, China has independently developed the 3rd generation mobile communications standard TD-SCDMA. The demands of consumers have been increas…     

不断发展的中国电信新业务

近年来，各种电信新业务在我国蓬勃发展并呈现出广阔的市场前景。本文以翔实的数据全面介绍了数据通信、移动通信、智能网、ＩＳＤＮ等各种新业务的发展现状，今年内和２０００的发展目标。     

浅谈计算机网络通信安全

随着信息技术的迅猛发展,计算机网络已普及到各行各业,信息安全威胁也随之不断增加,对计算机通信造成了严重的威胁。文中通过阐述计算机网络存在的安全隐患,详细分析了计算机通信网络攻击的特点以及形成的原因,深刻剖析了计算机网络通信安全技术面临的威胁,并提出了加强计算机网络通信安全的防护措施。在当今复杂的应用环境下,信息网络安全面临的形势非常严峻,网络信息的安全防护显得尤为重要。     

Personalizing ISDN

It is argued that making integrated services digital networks (ISDNs) more popular among personal computer users is essential for ISDN to prosper. Users in offices, businesses, and at home form a large potential ISDN market. Existing ISDN interface modules such as ISDN adapter boards for personal computers, are limited to ISDN features and can hardly handle the various needs of personal users. An ISDN interface module for personal computers must be designed to handle various applications and provide any-to-any communications. An ISDN personal computer interface developed to handle digital and analog communication protocols and flexibly combine resources is described     

Alternative paths to broadband deployment

Widespread deployment of broadband technology may well be the next wave of the computer and communications revolutions. No one knows what technology, business plan, marketing idea, or combination of such ideas will best serve customers or succeed in the marketplace. As a result, government policy should not favor or disfavor any type of plan to provide these services. The computer industry provides a great model for widespread deployment of advanced technology with the government acting as a referee to ensure competitive service provision. In this way customers will get to decide which services they desire and are worth their support     

Wireless loops: What are they?

Several loop applications of wireless technology are aimed at reducing the cost of deploying communications services ranging from telephone to wideband video. In these applications, wireless links replace a portion of a wireline loop from a central location (a central office or cable headend) to a subscriber. The replacement of labor-intensive wireline technology by complex mass-produced integrated electronics in wireless transceivers is projected to reduce the overall cost of the resulting loop. These wireless loop applications attempt to provide existing communications services or small modifications to existing communications services. A different interpretation of a wireless loop makes use of low-power digital radio technology to provide the last thousand feet or so of a loop. Low-power low-complexity wireless loop technology in small base units can be integrated with network intelligence to provide the fixed-infrastructure network needed to support economical personal communications services (PCS) to small, lightweight, low-power personal voice and/or data communicators. Low-complexity communicators can provide many hours of “talk time” or data transmission time and perhaps several days of standby time from small batteries (≤ 1.5 oz). Because this application of wireless loop technology can reduce the inherent costs in several parts of a wireline loop, it has the potential to provide convenient widespread PCS at less costs than providing telephone services over conventional wireline loops. This low-power wireless loop application does not fit into any existing communications system paradigm. Wireless technology with tetherless access and wide-ranging mobility, e.g., the personal access communications system (PACS), does not fit the accumulated wisdom of the wireline telephony paradigm. It also does not fit the paradigm of existing cellular radio that has sparsely distributed expensive cell sites, and it is not targeted at fixed video services as is wireless cable. Because a significant change in thinking is required in addressing this new low-power low-complexity widespread wireless loop paradigm, its large economic advantages and service benefits have not yet been embraced by many of the existing communications providers, who appear to be more comfortable pursuing the better-known paradigms of video using wireless cable, or of cellular radio in the guise of high-tier PCS, or in the guise of rapid economical deployment of telephone services in developing nations. This paper discusses the inherent economic advantages and service benefits of low-power low-complexity wireless loop technology integrated with network intelligence aimed at providing economical low-tier PCS to everyone.     

Multi-rate ISDN

Multi-rate integrated services digital network (ISDN) is a new technology for providing dialed-up, circuit-switched, isochronous communications for bandwidths from 128 kb/s to 1.536 Mb/s (DS-1) or 1.920 Mb/s (CEPT-1). Multi-rate ISDN provides a simple way to extend ISDN network services to match the higher bandwidth requirements emerging for videoconferencing, multimedia, imaging, and other high-speed applications. Using this technology, network service providers can offer high-speed connectivity within the boundaries and benefits of existing, circuit-switched, central office and transmission equipment. Only minor changes are required in the operations administration and maintenance and provisioning (OAM&P) procedures associated with multi-rate ISDN, versus existing ISDN transmission and central office maintenance procedures     

Technology 1992-telecommunications

Significant developments during 1991 are examined. Agreement was reached on the steps-dealing with both technology and timing-for implementation of ISDN in North America. Personal communications services took off. The seven Bell regional holding companies were given permission to offer information services     

Why are ISDN standards important?

The advantages offered by the integrated services digital network (ISDN) to US Department of Defense (DoD) communications in terms of interoperability provides a framework for a discussion of ISDN standards. The standards organizations working on ISDN and network protocol standards are described, and their relationship to each other is delineated. The status of the standards being developed is discussed, and those that would be of special interest to the US DoD are examined     

20世纪的卫星通信

自本世纪５０年代末人类发射第一颗试验通信卫星以来,卫星通信在技术,通信方式和通信能力等方面都获得巨大进步。在２０世纪即将结束之际,本文作者对固定卫星通信,移动卫星通信,卫星直播等进行了总结性的回顾与介绍,揭示了某些发展趋势。文章最后对太空信息高速公路的描述展示了卫星通信的巨大潜力与美好前景。     

SATELLITE-ENHANCED PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS EXPERIMENTS

Users of future generation wireless information services will have diverse needs for voice, data, and potentially even video communications in a wide variety of circumstances. For users in dense, inner-city areas, low power personal communications services (PCS) technology should be ideal. Vehicular-based users travelling at high speeds will need high-power cellular technology. For users in remote or inaccessible locations, or for applications that are broadcast over a wide geographic area, a satellite technology would be the best choice. Packet data networks provide an excellent solution for users requiring occasional small messages, whereas circuit switched networks provide more economical solutions for larger messages. To provide ubiquitous personal communications service, it is necessary to capitalize on the strength of each wireless technology and network to create one seamless internetwork including both current and future wired and wireless networks. As an initial step in exploring the opportunities afforded by the merging of satellite and terrestrial networks, Bellcore and JPL conducted several experiments. These experiments utilized Bellcore's experimental personal communications system (including several messaging applications with adaptations to wireless networks), NASA's advanced communications technology satellite (ACTS), JPL's ACTS mobile terminal, and various commercial data networks (such as the wireline Internet and the RAM wireless packet data network). Looking at loss of bits, packets and higher layer blocks (over the satellite-terrestrial internetworks with mobile and stationary users under various conditions) our initial results indicate that the communication channel can vary dramatically, even within a single network. We show that these conditions necessitate powerful and adaptive protocols if we are to achieve a seamless internetworking of satellite and terrestrial networks.     

内部网络信息安全建设简议

随着信息的高速发展和广泛应用,作为承载着网络通信设备与信息业务系统的内网环境,其面临的安全问题也日益突出,文章在分析内网信息安全风险的基础上,探讨内网信息安全系统在建设中需要重点关注的几方面内容,并对内网信息安全体系的架构及相关信息安全技术进行了简要讨论。     

Progress Towards User Access Arrangements in Integrated Services Digital Networks

This paper deals with arrangements for local access to emerging Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDN's). The ISDN concept is here introduced as the focal point for the ongoing international activity on multiservice digital networks. ISDN's are conceived as networks which have evolved from the basic digital telephone networks and they will provide end-to-end digital connectivity to support a wide range of services including voice, data, sound, and video applications. After giving a general outline of the evoving ISDN network scenarios for digital communications, the paper reviews the international trends on user access arrangements in terms of 1) user equipment and interface configurations, 2) access channel structures and information transfer capabilities, 3) local distribution plant configurations (with emphasis on the copper plant), and 4) access protocols.     

移动终端的定位跟踪系统研究与实现

定位跟踪技术是指通过特定的定位技术来获取移动手机或终端用户的位置信息(经度、纬度坐标等),并且在电子地图上对跟踪终端的位置进行标注的技术或服务。该系统综合使用了GPS定位技术、WEBGIS、GSM通信网络、GPRS无线分组技术、中间件等技术实现了对移动的终端进行定位跟踪的功能,实现对终端人员的实时跟踪和位置信息的动态管理。移动定位跟踪技术的主要应用场所有以下4种:追踪服务、信息服务、安全服务和付帐服务。     

Improved Performance of Maximum Likelihood Decoding Algorithm with Efficient Use of Algebraic Decoder

A new soft decision maximum-likelihood decoding algorithm, which generates the minimum set of candidate codewords by efficiently applying the algebraic decoder is proposed. As a result, the decoding complexity is reduced without degradation of performance. The new algorithm is tested and verified by simulation results.Panagiotis G. Babalis was born in Athens, Greece, on January 3, 1974. He received his Diploma of electrical and computer engineering and the Ph.D. degree, both from National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Athens, Greece, in 1996 and 2001, respectively. His main research interests include mobile satellite communications, modulation, and wireless communications systems coding. Dr. Babalis is a member of the technical Chamber of Greece.Panagiotis T. Trakadas was born in Athens, Greece, on January 14, 1972. He received his Diploma of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Ph.D. degree from National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Athens, Greece, in 1996, and 2001, respectively. From 1998 to 2001, he participated in many European projects as a researcher. His main research interests include mobile communications systems and electromagnetic compatibility topics. Dr. Trakadas is a member of the Technical Chamber of Greece and IEEE Society.Theodore B. Zahariadis received his Ph.D. degree in electrical and computer engineering from the National Technical University of Athens, Greece, and his Dipl.-Ing. Degree in computer engineering and information science from the University of Patras, Greece. Currently, he is the technical director of Ellemedia Technologies, where he leads R&D of end-to-end interactive multimedia services, embedded systems, and 3G/4G core network services. Since 1994 he has participated in many European co-funded projects. His research interests are in the fields of broadband wireline/wireless/mobile communications, interactive service deployment, management of IP/WDM networks, and embedded systems. He has published more than 30 papers. He has been a reviewer and principal guest editor in many journals and magazines. He is a member of the ACM and the Technical Chamber of Greece.Christos N. Capsalis was born in Greece, in 1956. He received the diploma in electrical and mechanical engineering from the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Athens, Greece, in 1979, the B.Sc. degree in economics from the University of Athens, Athens, Greece, in 1983, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from NTUA in 1985. He is currently a Professor at NTUA and Director of the wireless communications laboratory. His current research activities include wireless and satellite communications systems and EMC topics.     

基于Internet雷达终端网仿真模型

雷达信息传输是在计算机网络的基础上,利用数据通信技术、计算机技术,网络技术构造一个覆盖设定区域的雷达终端网。雷达终端网仿真模型是把每一台雷达终端都设定一个唯一的产品电子码,叫做EPC（Electronic Product Code）,通常EPC码被存入硅芯片做成的电子标签内,附在被标识产品上,被计算机信息处理软件识别、传递、查询。RFID即射频识别,是一种非接触式的自动识别技术,识别工作无须人工干预,它通过射频信号自动识别目标对象并获取相关数据,电子标签与雷达终端编码EPC融合在互联网中得到技术拓展应用,为用户提供方便、快捷的优质服务。