热处理对2205-Q345爆炸复合板界面组织和性能的影响

采用不同温度对2205双相不锈钢-Q345低合金钢爆炸复合板进行了退火,并对退火后的显微组织、显微硬度、疲劳寿命等进行了系统分析。结果表明,爆炸复合板结合界面有塑性变形,组织成纤维状;随着热处理温度的不断提高,界面附近的组织逐渐产生回复再结晶,界面显微硬度逐渐降低;复层耐蚀性在高于650℃热处理后明显降低;450℃热处理疲劳性能最佳。     

爆炸复合LY12／20g双金属板疲劳裂纹扩展行为研究：I面裂纹

考虑了爆炸复合双层金属板LY12/20g中界面两侧材料弹塑性失配对面裂纹疲劳扩展行为的影响。结果表明,当裂纹由弹性模量、屈服强度高的一侧向低的一侧扩展时,实验驱动力大于外加名义值;当裂纹由弹性模量、屈服强度低的一侧向高的一侧扩展时,实际驱动和力小于外加名义值、从而造成裂纹扩展的加速或止裂、其影响离界面越近效果越显著,但弹性模量失配在裂纹开始扩展直至界面的过程中都起作用,而强度失配只在裂尖距界面一定距离范围内（Rp）才起作用。     

爆炸复合LY12／20g双金属板疲劳裂纹扩展行为研究：Ⅱ角裂纹

对爆炸复合双金属板LYl2/20g中角裂纹的疲劳扩展行为进行了实验研究和理论分析.结果表明,双层金属板的界面结合强度、界面相性能和体积分数及界面两侧材料的性能都对层合板角裂纹的疲劳扩展具有重要影.对于由不同金属构成的双层板,角裂纹疲劳扩展过程中同一时刻试样两侧面的裂纹长度不再相同,其差距随裂纹扩展逐渐增加直至最大值△ac.当两侧面裂纹长度差△a △ac时,两侧裂纹扩展速率不同;当△a＜△ac时,两侧裂纹扩展速率相同.对整个裂纹的扩展过程需用△ac和△a=△ac后的任一侧裂纹扩展△K-da/dN曲线共同描述.     

爆炸复合板补焊接头界面的微观组织与性能

采用扫描电镜和透射电镜等微观手段，通过对0Cr13Al/20R爆炸复合钢板实际生产中补焊接头的界面微观组织和接头性能的试验分析研究，探讨了工艺与组织、性能之间关系。     

钛钢爆炸复合板抗剪切疲劳特性及断裂机制研究

本文对钛钢复合板的弯曲疲劳特性进行了探讨,获得了S—N曲线和疲劳极限;其断裂机制表明裂纹起始于钢侧表面,裂纹扩展穿过界面,最后断裂于钛侧;界面处无首先出现裂纹现象。     

铜—硬铝（LY12）复合板的爆炸焊接与轧制

研究了铜(T2)—硬铝(LY12)复合板的爆炸焊接,轧制和退火工艺,提供了不同状态下,复合板的成分、组织和性能的检验资料。这些资料为这种爆炸复合材料的实际应用提供了依据。     

AlLY12爆炸焊接界面疲劳裂纹的扩展行为

采用纯铝／硬铝（Al/LY12)爆炸复合板通过电子束焊接制得界面裂纹四点弯曲试样,由于强度错配,Al/LY12界面裂纹顶端局部的变形是锐化与钝化的复合型,但在疲劳载荷下其整体裂端应力应变场仍然可由纯1型应力强度因子主导,可以采用和单材料试样相同的方式进行界面裂纹的疲劳扩展行为研究,界面裂纹可在较低的外载水平下启努扩展,但爆炸焊接界面存在的波纹使得界面裂纹的扩展速率出现波动,并且阻碍裂纹的扩展,相同外载下Al/LY12界面裂纹的疲劳扩展速率低于单材料LY12的疲劳扩展速率。     

爆炸复合LY12/20g双金属板疲劳裂纹扩展行为研究 Ⅱ.角裂纹

对爆炸复合双金属板 ＬＹ１２／２０ｇ中角裂纹的疲劳扩展行为进行了实验研究和理论分析 结果表明,双层金属板的界面结合强度、界面相性能和体积分数及界面两侧材料的性能都对层合板角裂纹的疲劳扩展具有重要影响 对于由下同金属构成的双层板,角裂纹疲劳扩展过程中同一时刻试样两侧面的裂纹长度不再相同,其差距随裂纹扩展逐渐增加直至最大值△ａｃ．当两侧面裂纹长度差△ａ≥△ａｃ时,两侧裂纹扩展速率不同;当△ａ＜△ａｃ时,两侧裂纹扩展速率相同,对整个裂纹的扩展过程需用△ａｃ和△ａ＝△ａｃ后的任一侧裂纹扩展△Ｋ－ｄａ／ｄＮ曲线共同描述．     

爆炸复合LY12/20g双金属板疲劳裂纹扩展行为研究 Ⅰ.面裂纹

考察了爆炸复合双层金属板ＬＹ１２／２０ｇ中界面两侧材料弹塑性失配村面裂纹疲劳扩展行为的影响．结果表明,当裂纹由弹性模量、屈服强度高的一侧向低的一侧扩展时,实际驱动力大于外加名义值：当裂纹由弹性模量、屈服强度低的一侧向高的一侧扩展时、实际驱动力小于外加名义值,从而造成裂纹扩展的加速或止裂、其影响离界面越近效果越显著,但弹性模量失配在裂纹开始扩展直至界面的过程中都起作用,而强度失配只在裂尖距界面一定距离范围内（ＲＰ）才起作用．     

LY12/Cu双金属层合板的疲劳性能(Ⅰ)——面裂纹

考察了爆炸复合层状双金属板LY12 /Cu界面两侧材料弹塑性失配对面裂纹疲劳扩展行为的影响。结果表明 ,界面两侧材料的弹塑性失配对复合板面裂纹的扩展驱动力具有重要影响。当裂纹由弹性模量、屈服强度高的一侧向低的一侧扩展时 ,实际驱动力大于外加名义值 ;当裂纹由弹性模量、屈服强度低的一侧向高的一侧扩展时实际驱动力小于外加名义值 ,从而造成裂纹扩展的加速或止裂 ,其影响离界面越近效果越显著。但弹性失配在裂纹开始扩展直至界面的整个过程都起作用 ,而强度失配只在裂尖距界面一定距离内 (Rp)才起作用     

LY12/Cu双金属层合板的疲劳性能(Ⅱ) ——角裂纹

对爆炸复合双层金属板LY12 /Cu和LY12 /LY12中L T取向角裂纹的疲劳扩展行为进行了对比性实验研究和理论分析。结果表明 ,双层金属板的界面相性能、体积分数及界面两侧材料的性能差异对层合板中角裂纹的疲劳扩展具有重要影响。对由不同金属构成的双层复合板 ,角裂纹疲劳扩展过程中试样两侧面的裂纹长度不同 ,并且随着裂纹扩展其差距逐渐加大 ,但存在最大值Δac。当两侧面裂纹长度差Δa <Δac 时 ,两侧裂纹扩展速率不同 ;当Δa≥Δac 时 ,两侧裂纹扩展速率相同。对整个裂纹扩展过程可用Δac 和其后任一侧的裂纹扩展ΔK—da/dN曲线共同描述。     

铝/钢爆炸复合板界面的韧化作用

研究双金属复合板韧化时 ,可利用纯铝作为界面层 ,以铝的力学性能数据分析界面的开裂 ,可得出定量分析结果。研究表明 ,垂直界面疲劳裂纹导致的分层开裂为低周疲劳。裂纹进入下一层材料 ,转向主应力面 ,是疲劳裂纹再萌生过程。低周疲劳裂纹扩展和转入下层时裂纹再萌生的能量即为对外韧化的贡献。     

纯铝/硬铝双金属界面裂纹扩展过程的SEM原位观察

应用扫描电子显微镜原位拉伸方法研究了纯铝/硬铝爆炸焊接界面微观断裂机制.结果表明:在单向拉伸情况下,在夹杂和应力集中等薄弱位置萌生的界面微裂纹为典型扩展金属/金属界面裂纹机制;微裂纹以脆性方式导致界面分离,或以其裂尖区域位错发射的延性方式长大;主裂纹和微裂纹以通过在界面一侧金属中其间韧带断裂方式连接,最后失稳扩展.在扩展路径上,界面和金属交替出现,且界面的断裂韧性不如相应单一材料的断裂韧性.     

Fatigue crack propagation behavior in dual-phase steel

The fatigue crack propagation in dual-phase steel was studied with the objective of developing ferriticmartensitic microstructures via intercritical annealing and thermomechanical processing. It was found that the changes in fatigue crack propagation rates and in the threshold stress intensity range, ΔK _th, resulting from microstructural variations, were directly related to tensile strength in the same manner that was observed in other types of structural steels. It was also observed that the relationship between tensile strength and fatigue crack propagation in intercritically annealed and thermomechanically processed dual-phase steel was much the same as for conventional steels of similar strength level.     

Fatigue crack propagation in structural steel after flash welding

The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of the tempered martensite fraction in the fatigue behaviour of type R4 structural steel as used, quenched and tempered, in the manufacture of chains for offshore mooring systems. As the manufacturing process for these uses flash welding, the study also includes welded joints of the same steel. Different fractions of martensite were achieved by means of variations in the austenitization temperature of the material and the fatigue resistance of the tempered test pieces was evaluated by means of the kinetics of crack growth of crack under cyclic loading at a constant amplitude. The results indicated that an increase in the amount of ferrite was associated with an increase in the number of cycles to material failure, and for the same microstructural condition, the fatigue life of the welded joint was always lower than that of the base material. Finally, the fatigue behaviour of the test pieces is presented and discussed on the basis of the mechanical properties and toughness of the material.     

Fatigue crack propagation behavior of K40S cobalt-base superalloy at elevated temperature

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Fatigue crack propagation in single-crystal CMSX- 2 at elevated temperature

The fatigue crack propagation (FCP) behavior of the nickel-base superalloy CMSX-2 in single-crystal form was investigated. Tests were conducted for two temperatures (25 and 700 °C), two orientations ([001][110] and [001][010]), and in two environments (laboratory air and ultra-high vacuum 10^-7 torr). Following FCP testing, the fracture surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The FCP rates were found to be relatively independent of the temperature, environment, and orientation when correlated with the conventional mode I stress-intensity factor. Examination of the fracture sur-faces revealed two distinct types of fracture. One type was characterized by 111 fracture surfaces, which were inclined relative to both the loading and crack propagation directions. These features, al-though clearly a result of the fatigue process, resembled cleavage fractures along 111 planes. Such fea-tures were observed at 25 and 700 °C; they were the only features observed for the 25 °C tests. The second type had a macroscopically dull loading appearance, was microscopically rough, and grew normal to the loading axis. These features were observed on the specimens tested at 700 °C (in both air and vacuum) and appeared similar to conventional fatigue fractures. Although in this region the crack plane was mac-roscopically normal to the loading direction, it deviated microscopically to avoid shearing the y ’ precipi-tates. In view of the complex crack growth mechanisms, mixed fracture modes, and lack of any difference in FCP rates, it is hypothesized that the correlation between FCP rates and the stress-intensity parameter is probably coincidental. The implications for life prediction of higher temperature turbine components based on conventional fracture mechanics are significant and should be investigated further.     

铝合金疲劳裂纹扩展声发射监测

采用声发射(acoustic emission,AE)技术对7N01铝合金单边缺口三点弯曲试样不同应力比、不同峰值载荷下疲劳裂纹扩展过程中声发射信号进行了监测,建立了裂纹扩展速率、声发射计数(count)与应力强度因子之间的关系.结果表明,大部分的声发射信号主要产生于疲劳循环载荷的低应力阶段,这主要是低应力阶段的声发射活动主要与裂纹尖端的塑性变形和裂纹闭合现象有关,声发射计数与应力强度因子之间呈指数增长的关系.基于所建立的声发射计数率与裂纹扩展速率的关系,可以预测疲劳损伤结构的剩余寿命.