刚玉-尖晶石质精炼钢包衬砖的蚀损机制

对砌筑在150 t精炼钢包的浇注成型和机压成型两种免烧刚玉-尖晶石衬砖的用后残砖进行了显微结构分析,探讨了其蚀损机制.结果表明:浇注成型衬砖的反应渗透层较厚,且CaO含量随着渗透深度的增大而逐渐减小,随着渣渗透、侵蚀的持续进行,热面处逐渐形成的致密层在经受热震后可能会产生结构剥落;机压成型的衬砖反应渗透层较薄,抗渣渗透性能和抗侵蚀性能较好,反应渗透层与原砖层间出现裂纹可能导致的结构剥落是其主要的损毁机制.     

真实服役环境与实验室模拟条件下高铬砖损毁形式的对比

通过对工业气化炉用后砖、回转抗渣实验后试样以及静态坩埚抗渣实验后试样宏观结构、显微结构及能谱分析,对比高铬砖在水煤浆气化炉真实服役环境和实验室模拟抗渣条件下损毁形式的不同。结果表明,高铬砖在真实气化环境中的损毁主要受:化学侵蚀、熔渣渗透以及热剥落三方面共同作用。实验室模拟条件下的两种抗渣实验结果在化学侵蚀和熔渣渗透方面与真实环境下的损毁机理较为一致,在热剥落方面与真实环境下的结果差异大。实验室抗渣模拟试验对评价气化炉用材料的抗渣侵蚀和抗渣渗透具有可借鉴性。     

气化炉用后高铬砖的渣蚀机理

采用扫描电镜和XRD等分析方法,对石油焦气化炉和水煤浆气化炉用后高铬砖及渣蚀试验砖的显微结构进行了观察与分析。根据高铬砖显微结构变化,研究了在不同气化炉内高铬砖受熔渣侵蚀损毁的机理。结果表明:石油焦气化炉用高铬砖中的Cr2O3与熔渣中的V2O5接触反应,在低温下形成液相而被熔蚀,是其蚀损的主要原因;水煤浆气化炉用高铬砖蚀损的主要原因是Cr2O3在熔渣里的溶解和ZrO2的熔蚀;LIRR-HK95砖由于成分和结构的优化,抗石油焦渣侵蚀性能好。     

熔渣气化炉用添加磷酸盐的高铬耐火材料损毁机理

气化炉是一个反应容器,将含碳原料(如煤和石油焦)在高温高压的还原气氛中(极低的氧分压)与氧气反应生成CO和H2的合成气。这种合成气被用作化学生产中的原料或者是用来发电。气化过程的副产品包括:1)未反应的碳;2)CO2和H2S等热气;3)含碳原料在气化炉液化过程中形成的矿物杂质或是有机金属复合物共同形成的熔渣。在气化炉中,熔渣与高铬耐火材料衬里之间发生反应会导致两种主要的剥落(结构剥落和化学剥落)和化学熔蚀。在高铬砖中添加磷酸盐相是最近研究出来的,能够起到减缓耐火衬里剥落和减轻熔渣对耐火材料衬里的化学熔蚀。本文讨论了磷酸盐相对砖的显微结构影响并降低由于熔渣侵蚀所造成的耐火材料损毁。     

铁渣和钢渣与耐火材料的反应

炉渣的熔蚀和侵蚀已成为与铁水和钢水接蚀的耐火材料的主要损毁因素。高炉炼铁中,渣/铁交界面比渣/耐火材料交界面起着更为重要的作用。另一方面,在炼钢中,盛钢桶和中间包内钢渣主要促使耐火材料损毁。本文介绍了:a)高炉炼铁中渣及渣/铁与Al_2O_3-SiC-C耐火材料的反应;b)碱性吹氧转炉炼钢渣和盛钢桶渣与铝尖晶石耐火材料的反应;及c)详细叙述了渣与连铸用中间包耐火材料工作衬的反应等详尽的微观结构评价。这些结果还将指出由于渣同时时熔蚀和渗透对耐火材料的损毁/破坏。     

LF炉熔池部位用Al2O3-MgO-C砖的损毁

介绍了LF炉熔池部位用Al_2O_3-MgO-C砖的损毁形态。它可分为以下5种:①热态剥落和结构性剥落;②渣和钢水使砖的成分受到化学侵蚀;③砖内碳的氧化;④渣和钢水流动产生的磨损;⑤异常磨损(穿孔损毁)。调查表明,在与渣接触部位上化学侵蚀控制着整个损毁状况;在渣影响小的部位上结构性剥落对砖的损毁起支配作用;Al_2O_3-MgO-C砖在使用过程中生成的尖晶石对损毁形态影响很大。     

水煤浆加压气化炉耐火砖渣蚀机理浅析

通过对使用后的耐火砖残砖取样分析,了解高铬砖显微结构和成分变化,找出气化炉内不同高铬砖受熔渣侵蚀损毁的机理。结果表明：对于结构相同的耐火砖,熔渣成分、温度和耐火砖的内部致密程度及杂质含量是影响耐火砖渣蚀速率的主要因素。     

玄武岩熔液对耐火材料的侵蚀

为深入了解玄武岩高温熔体对耐火材料的侵蚀行为,参照ASTM C621—1984(2001)分别对致密氧化铬砖、致密锆英石砖和熔铸锆刚玉砖(AZS-33)进行了1 500℃72 h的玄武岩熔液侵蚀试验,并对侵蚀后试样进行了显微结构对比分析。侵蚀试验结果表明,致密氧化铬砖的抗熔融玄武岩侵蚀性最好,其次是致密锆英石砖,最差的是熔铸AZS-33砖,其在液面线处出现严重剥落现象。显微结构分析表明:致密氧化铬砖结构均匀,与玄武岩熔液反应性小,同时与玄武岩渣中的成分形成尖晶石致密层阻止了渣的进一步渗透;致密锆英石砖表面与玄武岩熔液反应产生很薄的脱锆层和玻璃相,并且其致密均匀的结构也阻止了渣的进一步渗透;熔铸锆刚玉砖的显气孔率虽然很低,对玄武岩熔液有较好的抗渗透性,但其液相量较多,因此抗侵蚀性相对较差。     

电磁场环境下碳含量对MgO-C砖抗高碱度渣侵蚀性能的影响

为了探索Mg O-C砖在电磁搅拌、电弧炉和感应炉等电磁场环境下使用时的抗渣侵蚀性,采用w(C)分别为6%、14%的Mg O-C砖和m(Ca O)/m(Si O2)=3.5的炉渣在中频感应炉中进行抗熔渣侵蚀试验,并对渣蚀后试样进行了XRD和SEM、EDAX分析。结果表明:在电磁场环境下,w(C)=6%的镁碳砖渣蚀后低熔点相为镁黄长石,w(C)=14%的镁碳砖渣蚀后低熔点相为黄长石。镁碳砖渣蚀过程中,w(C)=6%的镁碳砖中镁砂未完全形成镁铁(锰)固溶体或镁铁尖晶石即剥落于熔渣中;而w(C)=14%的镁碳砖中镁砂形成镁铁(锰)固溶体或镁铁尖晶石后剥落于熔渣中;在渣蚀后镁碳砖过渡层中,电磁场促进了Al2O3、Mn O、Fe O、Fe2O3的渗透,生成镁铁(锰)固溶体、镁铁尖晶石、镁铝尖晶石或金属单质,w(C)=14%的镁碳砖渗透较弱,生成的固溶体或尖晶石较少,易剥落于熔渣中。     

高温熔渣对水煤浆气化炉耐火砖的影响

对使用后的耐火砖残砖进行取样分析,以了解高铬砖显微结构和成分变化,找出水煤浆气化炉向火面高铬砖受熔渣侵蚀损毁的机理。结果表明:对于结构相同的耐火砖,在高温熔渣侵蚀耐火砖的过程中,主要影响因素是熔渣的成分、工作温度、耐火砖的致密度和杂质含量,熔渣中的SiO2含量是造成渣蚀的直接原因,而耐火砖的工作温度、致密度和杂质含量决定了渣蚀的速率。     

Analysis of Spent High Chrome Brick in Slagging Gasifier

Wear of the spent high chrome brick in slagging gasifier was studied.The result shows that erosion and spalling are the main wear mechanism of high chrome brick and the CaO content of coal slag is crucial to wear of high chrome brick.     

Discussion on Wear Mechanism of High Chrome Brick Used in Coal Slurry Gasifier

The microstructure and phase composition of high chrome brick used in coal slurry gasifier has been analyzed by means of SEM and Energy Spectrum. The results indicate that the used brick can be divided into different zones as slag-adhered zone, reaction zone, penetration zone and unaltered zone. The phase composition and microstructure are different and cracks occurred in different degree at these zones. A dense ring belt was formed with complex spinel ( Mg, Fe)( Cr,Al, Fe2O4) in the reaction zone near the hot face. The wear mechanism of the brick during its employment has been discussed. It is considered that the reaction and penetration of coal slag and strong reduetant bring about the composition change of the brick and destroys its original network inlayed structure and consequently result in its structure spalling and weakening strength, which is the main wear mechanism of the brick and followed by temperature fluctuation and high mechanical im-pact of flowing fluid with high-speed.     

煤焦浆气化炉用耐火材料的选择

采用回转抗渣法进行氧化锆砖、高纯刚玉砖、铬刚玉砖、86高铬砖和90高铬砖等不同材质耐火材料抗石油焦渣侵蚀能力的对比试验,并采用扫描电镜和X衍射等分析方法对侵蚀试验砖的显微结构进行了观察与分析,研究了不同材质耐火材料抗石油焦渣侵蚀能力的差异.结果显示:90高铬砖抗石油焦渣侵蚀能力最好,试验前后厚度几乎无变化;氧化锆砖最差,侵蚀厚度达14 mm;不同材质耐火材料抗侵蚀性能优劣的顺序为:90铬砖>85铬砖>铬刚玉砖>刚玉砖>氧化锆砖.     

A STUDY OF CHROME AND DIASPORE MIXES1

The history, development, and properties of chrome and diaspore brick are discussed. The plan for this investigation was the determination of (1) softening points of various mixes, all of which withstood cones 33 to 34, (2) workability of mixtures, wherein it was found that bars of soft mud were workable with difficulty while no trouble was experienced with dry-press, (3) porosity and shrinkage on reheating; slag action and spalling. Increasing the proportion of diaspore increased the shrinkage while the absorption remained about the same in all cases. Various slags from different sources were used in the investigation, and it was found that a small per cent of finely-ground chrome ore cut down slag action on diaspore while the addition of diaspore to chrome increased its resistance to spalling action; conversely, the addition of finely-ground chrome to diaspore increased its resistance to spalling action.     

Study on Microstructure and Slag Corrosion Mechanism of High Chrome Bricks for Gasifier

1 Introduction The gasifier like Texaco style is of important tech- nical equipment for ammonia synthesis and production of carbamide, carbinol and ethylene etc. Due to differ- ent energy resource structure, petroleum coke is adopt- ed as rawmaterial in A…     

Application Study onβ—Sialon—Al2O3 Brick in Iron Ladle

The microstructure and slag erosion fractal dimension of reaction interface of β-Sialon-Al2O3 brick used in 300 Mt iron ladle of Baosteel have been studied by SEM and XRD.The results indicated that β-Sialon-Al2O3 brick exhibited excellent slag resistance.The main wear mechanism of β-Sialon-Al2O3 brick is mainly from the spalling caused by thermal mechanical stress and attacked by slag secondly.     

TiO_2对镁铬砖抗渣蚀性的影响

利用XRD分析和光学显微镜等测试手段 ,研究了添加TiO2 对镁铬砖抗渣蚀性的影响。结果表明 :炉渣中的CaO能分解镁铬砖中的二次尖晶石而使镁铬砖损毁 ,但加入TiO2 后 ,TiO2 能优先于尖晶石中的Cr2 O3与渣中CaO反应 ,生成高熔点的CaTiO3,从而抑制CaO对砖中镁铬尖晶石的分解 ,提高了镁铬砖的抗高钙渣渣蚀能力