基于LabVIEW的电火花线切割放电加工状态的研究

电火花线切割加工时放电加工状态决定着加工的质量和速度,电极丝和工件之间的放电电压是对放电加工过程进行实时检测的重要参数.以LabVIEW为开发平台,以放电电压为检测参数,构建了电火花线切割放电加工状态识别仿真系统.该系统主要包括线切割放电状态识别模块、BP神经网络放电预测模块以及加工稳定性分析模块,对提高电火花线切割加工质量、加工效率及智能化加工有良好的效果.     

线切割机床走丝机构控制系统及其故障检修

电火花线切割加工是电火花加工的重要组成部分,它是通过电极和工件之间脉冲放电时的电腐蚀作用,对工件进行加工的一种工艺方法。在加工中利用电极丝以一定的速度不断地沿着给定的几何图形轨迹运动（即走丝运动）。电火花线切割加工广泛应用于加工各种模具零件、样板、形状复杂的细小零件、窄缝等以及高硬度、高熔点金属的切割。根据电极丝运动方式不同,     

基于DSP的线切割机床数控系统的研制

随着制造技术的日新月异和工业生产的迅猛发展,电火花线切割技术己成为机械制造领域中一种重要的加工技术,它是通过两电极间脉冲放电,用电蚀原理对工件进行加工。线切割加工具有无切削力,工件材料硬度对可加工性影响不大等优点,得到了广泛的应用。目前国外生产和使用的绝大多数为高速快走丝电火花线切割机床,而我国生产和使用的则主要为慢速单向走丝电火花线切割机床。两者相比,除了采用的工艺不同外,无论在精度、功能、自动化程度、可靠性、加工稳定性和加工工艺指标方面,还是在外观等方面,后者较前者线切割机床平均明显低一个档次。本文对电火花线切割机床进行了基于DSP的CNC控制器的基础开发。经过操作功能与加工实验的试验,试验结果显示本文所开发的基于DSP的CNC控制器能够实现电火花线切割机床的基本操作功能与实际放电加工,并且将国产的电火花线切割机床CNC控制器提高到多CPU、Windows操作系统与基于DSP电控系统新的发展框架上。     

复合走丝电火花线切割机床走丝方式改善加工性能的实现

为了在低成本下改善加工性能,针对传统高速走丝电火花线切割加工表面粗糙度比较低的问题,笔者提出采用新型复合走丝电火花线切割机加工工件的改善方法。通过分析复合走丝电极丝高速旋转而带来电火花磨削加工功能的特殊效应,改传统的电极丝单边损耗为周边损耗,使得电极丝偏移量的影响减小,由于改善了放电间隙的排屑条件,从而消除了换向条纹。试验结果表明:该方法明显提高了加工精度及降低了表面粗糙度。     

空间曲面零件电火花线切割加工新技术

开发了能实现空间曲面工件电火花线切割加工的多轴联动加工系统。阐明了系统的组成及运动规律。通过计算机仿真和加工实践。研究验证了数学模型的正确性。从而拓宽了电火花线切割加工的工艺范围。解决了空间曲面工件的加工难题。     

电火花线切割加工工艺的特点

1 引言 线切割加工是电火花线切割加工的简称,是用线状电极(钼丝或钨丝)靠电火花放电来对工件进行切割.     

放电位置随机分布的电火花线切割加工仿真模型

在电火花线切割单脉冲放电过程仿真的基础上,基于有限元软件ANSYS提出了一种放电位置随机分布的电火花线切割加工温度场仿真模型。在仿真过程中,放电位置随机分布,并引入"生死单元技术"去除高温蚀除的单元,得到了线切割连续脉冲放电加工过程的表面效果。然后利用温度场仿真结果计算不同放电参数下的材料去除率,并基于脉冲利用率和电极丝换向时间进行修正,发现修正后材料去除率仿真结果与实际加工结果之间误差小于10%,验证了电火花线切割加工连续脉冲随机放电的仿真模型的准确性。其中,电火花线切割加工过程的脉冲利用率、电极丝换向时间是导致仿真结果出现偏差的主要因素。为了分析实际加工过程的脉冲利用率,搭建了脉冲利用率检测装置,对不同伺服条件下的脉冲利用率进行了统计。     

电火花线切割加工工艺特点分析

线切割加工是电火花线切割加工的简称,它是用线状电极(钼丝或钨丝)靠电火花放电来对工件进行切割。线切割机床通常分为两类:快走丝和慢走丝。前者     

电火花线切割加工中电极丝所受电磁力分析

在电火花线切割加工过程中,电极丝沿着导轮上下运转,同时电极丝受到多种力的作用,例如放电爆炸力、电场力、电磁力、水流冲击力等,其中所受的电磁力对加工效果(效率和精度)有着重要的影响。因此,从机理上分析了加工不同工件时电极丝周围的磁通密度分布,采用多物理耦合建模方法,应用泊松方程,再根据电极丝的实际加工情况,建立二维稳态的电磁场模型,并分析电磁力对电极丝的作用。在不同的放电电流和放电间隙条件下,仿真得到磁场强度分布和电极丝所受电磁力。本研究可以为电火花线切割加工过程中的电极丝张力和拐角误差控制提供一定的理论依据。     

涡轮盘榫槽电火花线切割加工质量研究

为了提高涡轮叶盘榫槽电火花加工的材料去除率、几何形状精度,文中采用3种相同直径、不同材质的电极丝,进行电火花线切割GH4169枞树形榫槽的对比实验。采用不同工艺规准下的3道线切割工艺：第一次切割使用较大脉冲能量,加工出外形轮廓;第二次切割消除工件在上次加工中产生的变形,提高工件尺寸精度;第三次切割对工件表面进行精修整,减小工件表面变质层。对加工后榫槽进行材料去除率的计算、几何形状精度和轮廓偏差的测量,分析电火花线切割加工对榫槽加工质量的影响。试验结果表明：在高速线加工下榫槽的材料去除率最高;不同电极丝加工后的榫槽几何形状精度均在要求的0.075 mm之内;线切割加工的榫槽轮廓偏差都在0.030 mm左右,同时采用黄铜丝加工的榫槽轮廓偏差最小。采用电火花线切割工艺加工出的榫槽几何形状精度和加工质量均满足加工要求,显示出该工艺巨大的技术潜力。     

On-line Estimation of Workpiece Height by Using Neural Networks and Hierarchical Adaptive Control of WEDM

Wire breakage and unstable machining drastically reduce the machining efficiency and accuracy in wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM). When a stair-shaped workpiece is machined, poor electrolyte flow around the steps leads to wire rupture or unstable machining. This paper presents a WEDM adaptive control system that maintains optimal machining and improves the stability of machining at the stair section where workpiece thickness changes. A three-layer back propagation neural network is used to estimate the thickness of a workpiece. The developed adaptive control system is executed in the hierarchical structure of three control loops, using fuzzy control strategy. In the first control loop, the total sparking frequency is controlled within a safe level for wire rupture suppression. In the second control loop, the proportion of abnormal sparks is maintained at a pre-determined level for process control purposes. Based on the estimated thickness of a workpiece, adaptive parameter optimisation is carried out to determine the optimal machining settings and to provide the reference targets for the other two control loops. Experimental results demonstrate that the workpiece height can be estimated by using a feed-forward neural network. The developed adaptive control system results in faster machining and better machining stability than does the commonly used gap voltage control system.     

Using wire electrical discharge machining for improved corner cutting accuracy of thin parts

The wire electrical discharge machining process (WEDM) allows one to achieved ruled surfaces along intricate contours in hard materials. When one intends to use such a machining process, one has to analyze both the magnitudes of the corners’ radii and the corner’s angles that are formed between adjoining surfaces. Some experimental research work carried out unveiled the systematic occurrence of machining errors when WEDM is used to obtain outside sharp corners, especially in small thickness workpieces. A permanent bending at the crest of sharp corners, which leads to a substantial deviation from the prescribed geometrical shape, was found. The deviation form depends on the magnetic properties of the workpiece material. The research was focused on establishing a means for characterizing this shape error. Moreover, the influence exerted by certain factors, such as the corner angle and the thickness of the workpiece on the above-mentioned machining error was quantified.     

Influence of machining parameters on surface roughness in finish cut of WEDM

Surface roughness is significant to the finish cut of wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM). This paper describes the influence of the machining parameters (including pulse duration, discharge current, sustained pulse time, pulse interval time, polarity effect, material and dielectric) on surface roughness in the finish cut of WEDM. Experiments proved that the surface roughness can be improved by decreasing both pulse duration and discharge current. When the pulse energy per discharge is constant, short pulses and long pulses will result in the same surface roughness but dissimilar surface morphology and different material removal rates. The removal rate when a short pulse duration is used is much higher than when the pulse duration is long. Moreover, from the single discharge experiments, we found that a long pulse duration combined with a low peak value could not produce craters on the workpiece surface any more when the pulse energy was reduced to a certain value. However, the condition of short pulse duration with high peak value still could produce clear craters on the workpiece surface. This indicates that a short pulse duration combined with a high peak value can generate better surface roughness, which cannot be achieved with long pulses. In the study, it was also found that reversed polarity machining with the appropriate pulse energy can improve the machined surface roughness somewhat better compared with normal polarity in finish machining, but some copper from the wire electrode is accreted on the machined surface.     

Study of machining parameters optimization for different materials in WEDM

In process planning of wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM), determination of appropriate machining conditions is likely to face problems in many ways. In addition to the construction of the relationship between machining parameters and machining characteristics, optimization search technique, a large number of experiments must be conducted repeatedly to renew parameters for different workpiece materials. The concept of specific discharge energy (SDE) was employed in this paper to represent the WEDM property of workpiece materials as one of the machining parameters. Two kinds of materials with distinctive SDE values, i.e., higher and lower, respectively, were selected for our experiments. The experimental data obtained were used, and a neural network that can accurately predict the relationship between machining parameters and machining characteristics was constructed. It was found that the predicted error was less than 7 %. The optimization technique of genetic algorithms was employed, and the optimal combination of machining parameters that meet the required machining characteristics for different workpiece materials was obtained. The system proposed in this study is both user-friendly and practical. It can save considerable time and cost during the construction of the database for the expert system of process planning.     

电火花线切割加工中线电极的动态特性仿真与实验研究

研究慢走丝电火花线切割加工中电极振动对加工状态的过程的影响。应用计算机仿真技术,分析连续放电力作用下线的振动模态以及对放电点转移和分布的作用。结果表明,加工工艺参数明显影响放电点的转移与分布,适当地选择工艺参数可获得最佳的放电分布率。该研究对提高慢走丝加工稳定性,防止断丝的发生提供了相应理论依据。     

Experimental attempts of sub-micrometer order size machining using micro-EDM

So far, parts larger than several micrometers can be machined by micro-electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM). However, with the growing demands for even smaller parts, sub-micrometer order machining or even nanometer order machining are increasingly required in various industrial areas. In order to meet these requirements, the study on sub-micrometer order manufacturing has become considerably important. In the present study, experimental attempts of sub-micrometer order size machining using micro-EDM was performed, in which the smallest possible size that can be achieved for machined parts was examined, and the factors affecting the manufacturing of sub-micrometer parts were investigated. The results showed that insufficient positioning accuracy, smallest discharge energy and the machined shape error due to the influence of gap control and thermal deformation are not suitable for sub-micrometer machining. Disregarding positioning accuracy and machined shape error, cemented tungsten carbide (WC) and cemented tungsten carbide made of super fine particles (SWC) are relatively better than tungsten (W) from the viewpoint of material structure and influence of residual stress. In particular, SWC is more suitable than WC because both crystal grains size and size of defects among grains are smaller. Setting the polarity of workpiece negative was found to contribute to achieving sub-micrometer machining if the material removal rate is disregarded. Based on these investigation results, sub-micrometer machining using SWC was attempted. The minimum diameter obtained was about 2.8 μm.     

An effective-wire-radius compensation scheme for enhancing the precision of wire-cut electrical discharge machines

Using a modified Denavit–Hartenberg (D–H notation), we propose with this study a methodology for generating the wire-radius-compensated NC data equations required to carry out the machining of non-column workpieces on a five-axis wire-cut electrical discharge machine (WEDM). In the proposed approach, the designed surfaces of the machined component are constructed using a 4?×?4 homogeneous transformation matrix and ruled surfaces. The modified D–H notation is then employed to derive the machine’s ability matrix and to generate the desired wire location matrices. To ensure the precision of the machining operation, the wire location matrices are modulated by a novel effective-wire-radius compensation scheme. Finally, the NC data equations required to machine the component are derived by equating the ability matrix with the modulated wire location matrix. To validate the proposed methodology, three non-column workpieces with various top and bottom basic curves are machined on a commercial WEDM. The dimensions of the machined components are then compared with those of specimens machined using the built-in WEDM compensation scheme. The results show that the components manufactured using the proposed effective-wire-radius compensation scheme are more geometrically precise than those produced using the conventional WEDM compensation method.     

Self-tuning fuzzy control with a grey prediction for wire rupture prevention in WEDM

Wire rupture in the wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) process is one of the most troublesome problems in practical applications. In this paper, the abnormal ratio R_ab, defined as the proportion of abnormal sparks in a sampling period, is taken to represent the gap state in machining. The grey predictor is adopted to compensate the time-delayed R_ab caused by the low pass filter data processing. A gain self-tuning fuzzy control system has been developed to cope with the conditions that often occur with wire rupture in the WEDM process, such as an improper setting of machining parameters, machining the workpiece with varying thickness, etc. Experimental results of several cases show that the proposed controller results in a satisfactory performance. Not only can it immediately suppress transient situation once there is a sudden change of workpiece thickness, but a stable performance can also be achieved during machining a workpiece of constant thickness. As a result, wire rupture problems in most WEDM processes can be successively solved by the proposed control strategy.     

Determining cutting parameters in wire EDM based on workpiece surface temperature distribution

The material removal process in wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) may result in work-piece surface damage due to the material thermal properties and the cutting parameters such as varying on-time pulses, open circuit voltage, machine cutting speed, and dielectric fluid pressure. A finite element method (FEM) program was developed to model temperature distribution in the workpiece under the conditions of different cutting parameters. The thermal parameters of low carbon steel (AISI4340) were selected to conduct this simulation. The thickness of the temperature affected layers for different cutting parameters was computed based on a critical temperature value. Through minimizing the thickness of the temperature affected layers and satisfying a certain cutting speed, a set of the cutting process parameters were determined for workpiece manufacture. On the other hand, the experimental investigation of the effects of cutting parameters on the thickness of the AISI4340 workpiece surface layers in WEDM was used to validate the simulation results. This study is helpful for developing advanced control strategies to enhance the complex contouring capabilities and machining rate while avoiding harmful surface damage.