Fe41Co7Cr15Mo14Y2C15B6大块非晶合金的变温晶化动力学研究

采用差热分析法(DTA)研究了具有高玻璃形成能力的Fe41Co7Cr15Mo14Y2C15B6块体非晶合金的变温晶化动力学.由热分析曲线得到玻璃转变温度Tg、晶化起始温度Tx和晶化峰值温度Tp1、Tp2,这些特征温度具有明显的动力学效应.运用Kissinger法和Ozawa法分别计算出不同升温速率下该Fe基块体非晶合金的玻璃转变激活能Eg、晶化激活能Ex与激活能Ep1、Ep2.采用Kissinger方法和Ozawa方法解释了此大块非晶合金具有高的热稳定性的热力学机制.     

Co/Ni比对FeCoNiCrZr非晶合金变温晶化行为的影响

采用单辊急冷法制备了一系列不同Co/Ni比的FeCoNiCrZr非晶薄带,用Kissinger和Ozawa法研究Co/Ni比的变化对(Fe0.52Co0.48-xNix)73Cr17Zr10系非晶合金变温晶化行为的影响。结果表明:x在0.06~0.30变化时,所制备的合金薄带基本上以非晶结构为主;随着Co/Ni比的增加,特征温度Tg、Tx、Tp均向高温区移动;由于不同升温速度下特征温度对应的晶化体积分数几乎不变,因而,采用Kissinger法与Ozawa法的计算结果非常接近,且都呈现Eg﹥Ex﹥Ep的规律;随着Ni含量的增加,Ex呈先增大后减小的趋势。合金的阶段晶化激活能Eo随晶化分数x的增加而逐渐下降。     

Mg70Ni15Gd10Ag5块体非晶的制备及晶化行为

采用铜模铸造法制备新型块体非晶合金Mg70Ni15Gd10Ag5(at%),其临界制备尺寸不低于5 mm,是目前Mg-Ni基非晶合金制备尺寸的最大值。采用差示扫描量热（DSC）法研究非晶合金的晶化行为,发现合金的晶化为多级晶化。随着升温速度的提高,玻璃转变温度Tg、晶化开始温度Tx、熔化前4个放热峰温度（Tp1、Tp2、Tp3、Tp4）、熔化开始温度（Tm）和液相线温度（Tl）均向高温区移动,晶化行为具有显著的动力学特征。利用Kissinger法计算特征温度对应的激活能,其值分别为Eg=188.05 kJ/mol、Ex=144.79 kJ/mol、Ep1=138 kJ/mol、Ep2=142.40 kJ/mol、Ep3=119.10 kJ/mol、Ep4=72.86 kJ/mol。     

交叉轧制钼带冷深冲性能及微观组织研究

采用单辊急冷法制备了Fe71Nb6B23非晶薄带,并用差示扫描热分析法(DSC)研究了该非晶合金的变温晶化动力学.从DSC曲线可知,玻璃化转变温度Tg、晶化起始温度Tx和晶化峰值温度Tp均随着升温速率的增加向高温方向移动,这些特征温度均具有明显的动力学效应.分别利用Kissinger方程和Ozawa方程计算了该Fe基非晶薄带的玻璃化转变激活能Eg、晶化激活能Ex和激活能Ep,并解释了此非晶合金具有高的热稳定性的热力学机制.结果表明:两种方程计算得出的Ex均大于Ep,表明该合金的形核过程比晶粒长大更为困难;晶化的动力学效应较玻璃化转变更为明显.     

Cu50Zr42Al8块状非晶合金的变温晶化行为研究

研究了Cu50Zr42Al8大块非晶合金在连续升温过程中的晶化行为.结果表明,随升温速度的加快,玻璃转变温度Tg、晶化起始温度Tx、晶化峰值温度Tp都向高温区移动,过冷温度区△Tx扩大;运用Kissinger法分别计算出玻璃转变激活能Eg为417.19 kJ/mol、晶化起始激活能Ex为332.18kJ/mol、晶化峰的激活能Ep为327.70kJ/mol;并运用FWO法计算晶化阶段激活能Ex,随晶化量的增大,阶段激活能呈逐渐减小的趋势,且在最初的阶段(晶化量小于5%),激活能迅速减小.分析表明,Cu50Zr42Al8块体非晶合金具有良好的热稳定性.     

块体非晶合金Cu58 Zr30 Ti10 Sn2的形成与晶化行为研究

采用铜模吸铸法制备了直径为2～3mm的圆柱状Cu60-xZr30Ti10Snx（x=0、1、2）块体非晶合金。用X射线衍射（XRD）和差式扫描量热仪（DSC）研究了非晶合金的结构、热稳定性和晶化特征，非晶合金Cu60-xZr30Ti10Snx的特征温度Tg、Tx、△Tx=（Tx-Tg）均与Sn含量相关。块体非晶合金Cu58Zr30Ti10Sn2的Tg为703．9K、Tx为755．5K、△Tx约为51．6K。这些特征温度随DSC升温速率的增大，不断向高温区偏移，其中晶化行为的这种动力学效应比其玻璃转变的更为显著。由Kissinger法获得的块体非晶合金Cu58Zr30Ti10Sn2的玻璃转变激活能Eg为3．30eV、晶化激活能Ex为3．17eV、第一晶化峰激活能Ep1为2．82eV、第二晶化峰激活能Ep2为3．13eV。由Ozawa法获得的各激活能比Kissinger法的相应数值稍偏低，但趋势是一致的。     

Zr－Al－Ni－Cu大块非晶合金的变温晶化行为研究

研究了Zr-Al-Ni-Cu大块非晶合金在连续升温过程中的晶化行为。结果表明，随升温速度的加快，特征温度Ts，Tx，Tp均向高温区移动，晶化热焓增加，过冷温度区间扩大，并且峰值温度Tp对应的晶化体积分数减少。利用Kissinger曲线和Doyle曲线法计算合金的变温晶化激活能E，结果表明，晶化激活能随晶化过程的进行，其值先增加后降低，并且在晶化即将结束时，晶化激活能急剧降低。采用Kissinger曲线计算晶化激活能，由于特征温度在不同的加热速度下对应的晶化体积分数发生变化，从而导致了激活能计算值的偏大。     

W17.9Ni65.6B13.5V3非晶合金的非等温晶化动力学研究

采用单辊急冷法制备了W17.9Ni65.6B13.5V3非晶薄带,并用X射线衍射(XRD)和示差扫描量热分析仪(DSC)研究了该非晶合金的变温晶化动力学。结果表明：玻璃转变温度Tg、晶化起始温度Tx和晶化峰值温度Tp均随着升温速率的增加而提高,具有明显的动力学效应;利用Kissinger方程和Ozawa方程求出的W17.9Ni65.6B13.5V3非晶合金的晶化激活能Ex分别达456.9kJ/mol和471.1kJ/mol,非晶合金具有较强的热稳定性;利用Kissinger方程和Ozawa方程计算得到的晶化激活能Ex均小于晶体长大激活能Ep,表明形核过程比晶粒长大过程更容易,该非晶合金在一定条件下退火容易获得超细晶粒组织。     

Fe/Co比对FeCoBSiNb系大块非晶合金晶化行为的影响

采用Kissinger、Ozawa和MKN法研究Fe/Co比例变化对(FexCo1-x)72B19.2Si4.8Nb4系大块非晶合金晶化行为的影响。结果表明,当x在0.3～0.7之间变化时,所制备的直径为2mm的(FexCo1-x)72B19.2Si4.8Nb4系合金棒为完全非晶结构;玻璃转变温度Tg、晶化温度Tx及晶化峰值温度Tp随加热速率的增大均向高温区移动;用Kissinger法、Ozawa法和MKN法测定的非晶合金激活能结果非常接近,其中Kissinger法和MKN法测得的结果稍大,且都呈现出Ex>Ep>Eg的规律性;随着Fe含量的增加,晶化激活能Ex先增大后减小,而阶段晶化激活能Eo最大值呈下降趋势。     

FeNiAlGaPBSiC非晶合金的晶化动力学

采用单辊急冷法制备了Fe68Ni1Al5Ga2P9.65B4.6Si3C6.75非晶薄带.用XRD、DSC研究合金的晶化动力学过程.结果表明:合金的玻璃转变和晶化行为均具有动力学效应,其晶化类型为初晶型和随后的共晶型反应.用Kissinger法计算得到的Eg、Ex、Ep1、Ep2分别为703、373、446、723 kJ/mol,Eg远大于Ex,表明该合金具有较高的热稳定性.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。