太阳能热泵供热水系统的实验研究

在青岛地区建立一套太阳能热泵实验系统 ,此系统可以完成冬季太阳能热泵供暖和非采暖季太阳能直接供生活热水实验。进行了太阳能热泵冬季供暖实验研究 ,测得热泵机组的平均供热系数 (COP)为 2 71。     

太阳能热泵-低谷电与地板辐射采暖系统联合运营方式探讨

论述了太阳能热泵与低谷电作为地板辐射采暖热源的可行性和必要性,提出了一种利用太阳能和低谷电作为地板辐射热源采暖的方案,讨论了系统在冬季采暖期的运行方式.太阳能是一种无污染、无穷尽的自然能源,但具有不稳定和不可靠性,特别在冬季尤为明显.而低谷电作为太阳能的辅助能源,却可以有效弥补太阳能的不足.这两者结合具有节能、环保等优点.终端利用地板辐射采暖与太阳能热泵-低谷电系统提供热水温度特点一致,能够提高热泵制热性能系数,并且具有良好的舒适性和节能效果.因此,在我国北方地区,太阳能热泵与低谷电联合供暖在建筑领域值得推广和应用.     

太阳能联合复叠热泵系统在寒冷地区的应用研究与分析

为了提高太阳能热泵系统在低温环境下的供热性能,本文针对高原高寒地区设计了一种太阳能联合复叠热泵采暖系统,太阳能集热系统产生的热量可作为热泵系统的低温热源,热泵系统既可复叠运行,又可独立运行,根据实际运行工况自动调节。在通辽市对研制的系统进行了实验研究和分析,结果表明:测试期间该供暖系统可产生平均温度为39.47℃的热水,可维持室内温度在18.6℃～22.8℃之间,系统平均COP为2.66,平均节能率可达65.2%,太阳能热泵采暖相对燃煤锅炉采暖和电锅炉采暖年节钱量分别可达3.87万元和4.18万元。系统整体运行稳定,节能效果显著,可为太阳能热泵供暖技术在寒冷地区的推广应用提供借鉴。     

基于太阳能热泵技术的严寒地区供暖系统改造设计与实测分析

将大庆市一传统能源供热系统改造为太阳能热泵系统,介绍了系统的原理、设计方法,运行模式及控制措施。多种运行模式使系统在不同工况下具有较好的适应性,最大程度地利用太阳能,保证了热泵的运行效率。实际工程的运行数据表明:12月典型日集热器集热效率51%,若采用夜晚值班采暖,11月典型日太阳能保证率可达70%。单位面积采暖费用18元左右,节约热费60%,系统具有较好的节能性和经济性。     

太阳能水源热泵的建筑适用性研究

太阳能水源热泵系统是一种新型高效节能环保的系统,太阳能与热泵联合供暖可以发挥各自的优势,弥补单一形式的不足,提高采暖的稳定性和系统运行性能。针对我国太阳能水源热泵建筑适应性问题,以哈尔滨、北京、上海的气象数据库作为基础条件,分析了典型建筑热负荷特征,建立系统数学模型,并用TRNSYS平台进行优化求解,为适用性研究提供了必要的数据基础。依据寿命周期评价理论,对各地区太阳能水源热泵建筑适用性进行分析,结果表明严寒地区及寒冷地区太阳能水源热泵适用性较好,环境效益明显。     

基于槽式太阳能集热器的氨水第一类吸收式热泵供暖方式探讨

介绍了德州某工程太阳能采暖系统的应用情况,该系统是基于槽式太阳能集热器的氨水第一类吸收式热泵系统,并对其应用效果、热泵机组的性能、热泵系统的性能进行了测试,依据测试结果对节能性、经济性进行了分析评价,供其他太阳能采暖项目参考。     

太阳能耦合地源热泵供暖系统的实验研究

太阳能耦合地源热泵系统的设计以太阳能为辅助、地源热泵为主,最大化地利用太阳能资源,在满足地板采暖制备的情况下,富裕的热量可以补充到生活用水当中。通过实验验证了太阳能耦合地源热泵供暖系统可以有效恢复土壤温度,提高机组性能系数,实现热泵长期稳定的运行。     

太阳能-热泵双水箱集成供暖系统实验研究

为降低采暖期能源消耗,实现节能减排,针对北方集中供暖仍采用燃煤锅炉供暖的问题,设计一种太阳能-热泵双水箱集成供暖系统。通过实验,分析系统在采暖季不同气象条件下系统的运行特性。实验结果表明：系统运行稳定,能够满足采暖季不同气象条件下的采暖需求;晴天工况相较于阴晴天和雨雪天工况节能14.4%和17.7%,;晴天、阴晴天和雨雪天工况下室内平均温度分别为18.3℃、17.2℃和17℃,系统COP(性能系数)分别为3.6、2.9和2.6,晴天工况下集热系统和水源热泵运行模式在节能和供热性能方面有着显著优势。     

太阳能热泵供暖系统的实验研究

建立了太阳能热泵供暖实验系统,探讨了在不同太阳辐射情况下系统的运行方式,对太阳能热泵供暖系统进行了供暖实验研究。太阳能热泵供暖系统充分利用了太阳能,基本能够满足供暖要求。     

太阳能直接供暖与水源热泵的能耗对比分析

太阳能直接供暖系统在满足用户供热需求时,通常需要补充一定量的一次常规能源。该文在系统能量平衡的基础上,引入太阳能倍率等参数,同时考虑太阳能集热器采暖季利用系数的影响,推导了太阳能直接供暖系统与电压缩水源热泵系统的一次能耗比计算公式。进而对以燃煤锅炉为辅助热源的太阳能直接供暖系统与水源热泵的一次能源消耗进行了对比分析。结果表明,以燃煤锅炉为辅助热源的太阳能直接供暖系统在其太阳能倍率大于平衡太阳能倍率时,比水源热泵节约一次常规能源;在其太阳能倍率小于平衡太阳能倍率时,与水源热泵相比,起不到节约一次常规能源的作用。     

太阳能热泵供热制冷系统的设计分析

本文设计了一套小型太阳能热泵系统,通过一个采暖期和一个制冷期的试验证明本系统能够达到一定的采暖制冷效果,适合在铁路小站区、市政集中供热不经济的独立小区等地方推广应用,具有良好的社会经济效益。     

绿色环保体育建筑--悉尼奥运会体育中心场馆与环境

本文通过对澳大利亚悉尼奥运会主会场的参观、考察对绿色环保体育建筑有了初步的认识,并结合所摄照片进行探索、分析和说明.     

玻璃门窗节能分析与选择

文章介绍了深圳大学建筑系在研究院B楼门窗节能改造中的经验和成果,以及在改造方案选取时的考虑因素。论述了各种遮阳方法及节能门窗的原理与比较,给出了有用的相关数据。特别对Low-e玻璃与遮阳玻璃两个重要概念进行了分析与说明。为设计师考虑门窗结构与材料选取提供了参考。     

太阳能工程中几种相关角度的计算及应用

如今太阳能光伏技术在全球得到广泛应用和发展,而在技术研究和产品开发过程中,确定不同时刻太阳的位置十分重要,这就要求我们要熟知各种参数的计算方法。本文结合当前最新研究成果,对常用的几种相关太阳能角度进行梳理,介绍一系列确定太阳方位的计算程序,及其在太阳能集热器检测中的应用,以供参考。     

太阳能光伏发电并网电站设计与研究

以华中科技大学太阳能光伏发电并网示范电站为例,从设计、应用等角度对太阳能光伏发电并网电站进行了浅析。该电站太阳能电池板总功率18360W,选用日本MSK公司的170型单晶硅太阳能电池板108块,分9组,每3组接一个SMC6000型逆变器。太阳能电池方阵的倾角为35°,在设计中应考虑风力和温差等影响因素。选用SBCP控制器进行系统检测和数据传输。介绍两种“孤岛效应”的检测方法。最后列出了该电站某天的发电数据。     

充分利用攀枝花市太阳能资源

介绍攀枝花市的气候条件及太阳能应用现状。通过一路灯工程实例．进行了太阳能照明与普通照明的经济性比较。积极倡导充分利用攀枝花的太阳能资源。     

Design of a solar absorption cooling system in a Greek hospital

Air conditioning of buildings is responsible for a large percentage of the greenhouse and ozone depletion effect, as refrigerant harmful gases are released into the atmosphere from conventional cooling systems. The need to implement advanced new concepts in building air conditioning systems is more crucial than ever today.Solar cooling systems (SCS) have the advantage of using absolutely harmless working fluids such as water, or solutions of certain salts. They are energy efficient and environmentally safe. They can be used, either as stand-alone systems or with conventional AC, to improve the indoor air quality of all types of buildings. The main goal is to utilize “zero emissions” technologies to reduce energy consumption and reduce CO₂ emissions.Amongst cooling technologies, absorption cooling seems to have a promising market potential.In this paper, the performance and economic evaluation of a solar heating and cooling system of a hospital in Crete, is studied using the transient simulation program (TRNSYS). The meteorological year file exploited the hourly weather data where produced by 30-year statistical process. The required data were obtained by Hellenic National Meteorological Service.The objective of this study is to simulate a complete system comprised of a solar collector, a storage tank, a backup heat source, a water cooling tower and a LiBr-H₂O absorption chiller. The exploitation of the results of the simulation provided the optimum sizing of the system.     

Solar disinfection (SODIS): simulation of solar radiation for global assessment and application for point-of-use water treatment in Haiti

Haiti and other developing countries do not have sufficient meteorological data to evaluate if they meet the solar disinfection (SODIS) threshold of 3-5 h of solar radiation above 500 W/m2, which is required for adequate microbial inactivation in drinking water. We have developed a mathematical model based on satellite-derived daily total energies to simulate monthly mean, minimum, and maximum 5-h averaged peak solar radiation intensities. This model can be used to assess if SODIS technology would be applicable anywhere in the world. Field measurements were made in Haiti during January 2001 to evaluate the model and test SODIS efficacy as a point-of-use treatment option. Using the total energy from a measured solar radiation intensity profile, the model recreated the intensity profile with 99% agreement. NASA satellite data were then used to simulate the mean, minimum, and maximum 5-h averaged peak intensities for Haiti in January, which were within 98.5%, 62.5%, and 86.0% agreement with the measured values, respectively. Most of the discrepancy was attributed to the heterogeneous nature of Haiti's terrain and the spatial resolution of the NASA data. Additional model simulations suggest that SODIS should be effective year-round in Haiti. Actual SODIS efficacy in January was tested by the inactivation of total coliform, E. coli, and H2S-producing bacteria. Exposure period proved critical. One-day exposure achieved complete bacterial inactivation 52% of the time, while a 2-day exposure period achieved complete microbial inactivation 100% of the time. A practical way of providing people with cold water every morning that has undergone a 2-day exposure would be to rotate three groups of bottles every morning, so two groups are out in the sun and one is being used for consumption.     

建筑给排水节能节水的几点设计思路

本文结合工程实践,对建筑给排水设计的节能及节水技术进行介绍,提出在给排水节能设计中应考虑的问题及解决办法。     

Determination of the optimum tilt angle of solar collectors for building applications

Solar energy technologies offer a clean, renewable and domestic energy source, and are essential components of a sustainable energy future. This paper deals with the determination of the optimum tilt angle of solar collectors for building applications. The optimum angle is calculated by searching for the values for which the total radiation on the collector surface is a maximum for a particular day or a specific period. An application of the model is done using the experimental data measured for Izmir in Turkey. The best orientation for solar collectors in Izmir is due south. For increasing the utilization efficiency of solar collectors, it is recommended that, if it is possible, the solar collector should be mounted at the monthly average tilt angle and the slope adjusted once a month.