利用模拟源伪卫星的隧道内虚拟中继定位算法

针对隧道内缺失卫星导航信号以致人员车辆无法定位的问题,提出了一种利用模拟源伪卫星的隧道内虚拟中继定位算法。模拟源伪卫星产生并播发虚拟轨道伪卫星信号,通过泄漏电缆向隧道内发送,接收采用虚拟中继定位算法,以减小卫星和泄漏电缆不在一条直线上的折线误差。解决了椭圆倾斜同步轨道的虚拟轨道伪卫星参数设计,导航电文产生,卫星到泄漏电缆激励点的信号模拟问题。引入了隧道与隧道口和卫星连线的空间夹角参数,构建了虚拟中继伪距观察方程,实现了虚拟中继定位算法。通过卫星导航接收机接收输出伪距和星历数据,进行二次定位解算,证明能达到亚米级定位精度。     

低成本GPS／MEMS-IMU无缝导航系统仿真与实现

卫星导航系统实现导航定位功能要求可见星数大于等于4颗,这一限制影响了卫星导航系统在信号遮挡严重环境下的应用,如城市峡谷、大型桥梁等。针对这一问题,提出了将卫星导航系统与低成本MEMS惯性器件（IMU）进行信息融合的方案并用硬件实现该系统。将GPS与MEMS惯性器件以紧组合的工作模式融合,采用卫星原始星历信息作为观测量建立观测模型并以卡尔曼滤波实现信息融合,该系统在少于4颗可见星时仍能实现导航。为了验证这一方案,进行了仿真试验和跑车实验,结果表明该系统在可见星数小于4颗的情况下仍能保持较好的导航精度。     

基于GPS/ DR的车载双星定位系统

目前GPS的定位技术已经比较成熟，然而GPS正常工作时需要4颗可见卫星。该文提出了一种基于高精密数字地图的GPS双星定位系统，结合航位推算系统进行组合导航，对组合导航的输出信息综合滤波。试验证明，该算法增强了车载导航系统在城市复杂环境中的适应性，提供了满足要求的定位精度。     

全球任意区域GPS定位环境分析

全球定位系统（Global Positioning System,GPS）具有导航定位的功能,近年来应用越来越广泛。带有定位甚至导航功能的GPS接收机、手机、PDA等移动设备也逐渐走向普及,但是应用GPS进行导航定位受到时间和空间的限制。该文通过对GPS卫星星座和GPS卫星运行情况的研究,推导出理想模型下卫星轨道方程和卫星位置与时间的关系公式;利用Visual C＋＋编程,模拟地球上任意地点,在不同时刻所能接收到的GPS卫星信号的情况,这样就实现了全球任意区域GPS定位环境分析,特别是应用于大峡谷、盆地、河谷等地形的定位环境分析。     

GPS和无线传感器网络融合定位算法研究

为了解决普适计算环境下室内外无缝定位问题,提出了一种卫星定位和无线传感器网络组合定位的算法.算法主要利用了GPS卫星定位系统伪距观测数据和无线传感器网络距离观测数据联合进行位置解算.仿真结果表明,算法与传统的GPS定位相比,增加定位的适应范围,实现少于4颗可用卫星情况下的定位;与无线传感器网络定位算法相比,提高了定位精度.     

多星座卫星导航系统定位方程直接解算算法的研究

在导航定位系统中,传统的最小二乘定位解算算法需要通过线性迭代求解,计算量大且迭代过程不稳定,影响导航定位的实时性以及稳定性。针对此问题,利用多卫星导航系统可获得多颗可见卫星的特点,提出了“3+2+2”和“3+3+2”的直接解算算法,以及当3个星座系统可见卫星数目达到9颗及以上时将导航定位的非线性伪距方程组直接转化为线性方程组的直接解算算法。3种方法均不需要预先假设接收机的初始位置坐标,避免了线性迭代过程,减小了计算量。通过仿真对提出的直接解算算法进行了验证,结果表明所提算法均能够有效实现多星座导航系统定位解算。     

结合数字地图的GPS／DR车载双星定位系统

目前GPS的定位技术已经比较成熟,然而GPS正常工作时需要四颗可见卫星。本文提出了一种基于高精密数字地图的GPS双星定位系统,结合航位推算系统进行组合导航,并运用卡尔曼滤波对组合导航的信息进行滤波处理,有效提高定位的精度。试验证明,该算法增强车载导航系统在城市中复杂环境的适应性,并提供满足要求的定位精度。     

一种GPS定位实时选星改进算法研究

为了提高GPS系统选星的实时性,提出一种实时选取最佳定位星座的改进算法.利用卫星历书及卫星的运动方程,借助于MATLAB仿真环境,计算卫星任一时刻的空间坐标.再根据地球表面及建筑物对卫星信号的遮挡,以及仰角过小时误差会变大,分析定位卫星的可见性,进而确定观测站上空的卫星分布情况,然后进行观测站最佳星座的选取.算法首先确定可见星中的仰角最大星,然后在其余可见星中任选三颗进行遍历,缩小了选择最佳星座的遍历空间,减少了对GPS卫星的搜索时间.仿真结果证明,方法在保证精度的前提下,有效地改善了实时性.     

不完备条件下GPS定位算法的研究

利用全球定位系统（GPS）能在观测到3颗GPS卫星时实现2D定位,实现3D定位则需要至少观测到4颗卫星。在卫星观测数目为2或1的不完备条件下,仅利用GPS已无法完成正常定位。文章提出了结合数字地图的不完备条件下GPS定位算法,实验证明,应用该算法在仅能观测到2颗GPS卫星时能完成满足一定精度要求的定位,在仅能观测到1颗GPS卫星时能给出有价值的信息,并且能够简化地图匹配的工作,从而可以作为车载定位系统的有力补充。     

GPS掩星资料变分同化模式的并行计算--在微机机群上的并行性能分析

1.引言 全球卫星定位系统(GPS)是美国军方在“子午仪卫星导航定位”技术上发展起来的具有全球性、全能性(陆地、海洋、航空与航天)、全天候性优势的导航定位、定时、测速系统.该系统由24颗位于20,231km高空的GPS卫星组成的星座、地面控制系统和用户接收系统组成. 24颗GPS卫星分布在6个等间隔近圆形轨道平面上,若将与赤道面呈55°倾角的平面算作第1个轨道面,则其他5个轨道面均以此为基础,彼此各以60°角度相交.每个     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.