钼材在玻璃工业中的应用

综述了钼材在玻璃工业中的应用情况。例如，三氧化钼电致色玻璃、钼电极在中碱玻纤代铂拉丝炉以及在全电熔或辅助电熔玻璃窑和钼电极用到矿物体熔制中的应用等等都相继在提高玻璃质量、增加产量、节能降耗方面取得了显著的经济效益。此外，对玻璃工业用钼电极的要求、制作过程和钼电极的种类也进行了叙述。     

电子束熔炼法钼电极的特性分析

介绍了电子束熔炼炉的工作原理、电子束熔炼法钼电极的特性及其应用效果;指出电子束熔炼法钼电极纯度高、密度高、晶粒粗大,是适宜用作电阻法生产硅酸铝耐火纤维的电极。     

玻璃窑炉用钼电极的发展趋势

分析了玻璃窑炉用钼电极在使用过程中被侵蚀的主要方式,综述了国内外关于提高钼电极综合使用性能的方法和研究现状,并提出了玻璃窑炉用钼电极可能的发展趋势。     

熔制玻璃用电极研究进展

综述了国内外熔制玻璃用电极的选用要求与研究进展。详细分析了纯钼电极、SnO2电极、氧化锆钼电极性能改善的理论与方法,从而提出了熔制玻璃用电极的发展方向。     

镧钼合金在电火花切割加工中的应用研究

进行了镧钼丝与纯钼丝作电火花切割电极丝的对比试验，试验结果显示；在合理控制镧钼丝加工工艺的条件下，镧钼丝具有较高的抗拉强度和高温强度，其线切割使用寿命明显高于纯钼丝，试验数据显示提高50%左右，实践表明，在电火花线切割加工行业，用镧钼丝代替纯钼丝作电极丝，可有效降低切割成本，极具推广应用价值。     

钼片与玻璃高温封接产生气泡的原因分析

目前,卤钨灯已成为一种量大面广的产品。卤钨灯用钼片作电极,钨丝与钼片通过点焊连接,玻璃灯泡内充氩气,钼片与玻璃泡在高温下封接,从而构成卤钨灯。封接后的密封性直接影响灯的使用寿命。在产品的质量检查过程中,常发现在玻璃与钼片的封接面上出现气泡,约占总产量的20％。气泡     

二氧化铈对钼及其合金力学性能和组织的影响

金属钼及其合金在导弹蒙皮。火箭喷口,电子工业用的栅极板,电极引出线,高温模具,玻璃工业用钼电极,可控硅垫片,钼合金顶头等中已得到了广泛的应用。随着科学技术的发展,对钼及其合金的性能又提出了更高的要求。近年来的研究表明,钼及其合金有很好的高温强度,但延展性及加工塑性较差。据报导,钼及其合金中添加金属铈能使它们     

阳极溶出伏安法测定钼

在氨基吡啉、硫氰酸盐溶液中,以玻璃炭电极为工作电极,阳极溶出伏安法测定钼(Ⅵ)并对富集和溶出的实验条件,方法的精密度、回收率及共存元素的干扰进行了探讨。     

钼对耐蚀软磁合金抗蚀性及磁性能的影响

 Fe Cr系软磁合金是一种抗蚀软磁材料。在Fe 13%Cr和Fe 17%Cr中添加不同含量的钼，对合金的抗点蚀、盐雾腐蚀、浸泡腐蚀以及大气腐蚀的能力和相应的磁性能进行了系统、全面的研究。结果表明，在这两种软磁合金中加入质量分数为20%和30%的钼，可明显提高合金的耐蚀能力；合理控制钼含量和采用相应的热处理工艺对合金磁性能的影响并不明显。     

金属卤化物灯钼片引出线制作工艺的研究

金属卤化物灯的钼片引出线是灯泡电极引出线，它由钼基片、钼杆和镀铂钼过渡片组成，通过钼镀铂工艺研究，找出了一整套钼上镀铂的合理工艺。将镀过铂的钼过渡片与钼基片点焊，钼杆与钼基片在另一端点焊，组成钼片引出线。在制作过程中，摸索出控制焊接质量的工艺规范，如电极材质的确定，功率的调整，保护气氛的选择，模板、电极夹具的设计和改装等。用这种钼相引出线制成的金卤灯，经２０００小时点灯寿命试验后，能达到预期的效果。     

The erosion behavior of 304 stainless steel at elevated temperatures

The objective of this paper is to characterize the solid particle erosion behavior of an annealed 304 stainless steel (SS) over the temperature range of 300 to 763 K. Silicon carbide was used as the erodent. Impact velocity and angle were kept constant at 115 m/s and 90 deg (normal), respectively. The results indicated that the erosion rate of 304 SS as a function of test temperature went through a minimum at around 548 K. None of the empirical models or parameters proposed in the literature for correlating room-temperature erosion resistance with a variety of mechanical or thermophysical properties of the eroding or erodent material explained the observed erosion ratevs temperature behavior. However, the results were qualitatively explained on the basis of a localization model for erosion. An analysis of the erosion data also indicated that oxidation of the eroding material and related effects on erosion were unimportant even at the highest test temperature of 763 K.     

高炉炉壁侵蚀状态预测的神经网络分析法

采用二雏简化的炉壁模型，用ANSYS软件进行热传导仿真计算；同时在MATLSAB环境中建立BP网络模型，并利用炉壳外部测点的温度值识别炉壁侵蚀线，从而证明了神经网络方法在高炉炉壁侵蚀状态预测中应用的可行性。     

高炉炉壁侵蚀状态预测的神经网络分析法

采用二维简化的炉壁模型，用ANSYS软件进行热传导仿真计算，同时在MATLAB环境中建立BP网络模型，并利用炉壳外部测点的温度值识别炉壁侵蚀线，从而证明了神经网络方法在高炉炉壁侵蚀状态预测中应用的可行性。     

Electric-spark alloying of steel with heterogeneous molybdenum-containing zirconium nitride materials

Conclusions A study was made of the possibility of employing ZrN-Mo composites as materials for ESA electrodes. It is shown that the erosion of such a composite cathode decreases with rise in the Mo content of the material. The process of strengthened layer formation is affected not only the by particle size distribution of the erosion products but also by their phase composition. The formation of volatile oxides has a deleterious effect on the surface strengthening process. The best characteristics — a high degree of continuity, large thickness, close contact with the basis material, and strong adhesion to it — are exhibited by the layer forming during ESA with a 40 vol.% ZrN + 60 vol.% Mo composite electrode. During electric-spark processing a redistribution of carbon takes place in the surface layers of the cathode, the highest carbon concentration being reached in the white layer, and the ferrite grain decreases in size and changes in shape.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 6(210), pp. 57–61, June, 1980.     

Effect of Mo content on porous Ni3Al–Mo electrodes for hydrogen evolution reaction

Abstract

Porous Ni₃Al–Mo electrodes were obtained by reactive synthesis methods with Mo contents of 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt-% respectively. The microstructure, surface morphology and composition of the prepared porous Ni₃Al–Mo electrodes were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on the porous Ni₃Al–Mo electrodes in 6 mol L^?1 KOH solution was investigated by polarisation measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique. It was shown that the hydrogen evolution activity of the porous Ni₃Al–Mo electrodes was related with the Mo content. The porous Ni₃Al–Mo electrode with optimum catalytic activity for the HER was found to contain the maximum Mo content of 10 wt-%.     

Disintegration of Composite Electroexplosive Coatings in Spark Erosion

A mathematical model is proposed for the destruction of electroexplosive W–Cu, Mo–Cu, W?C–Cu, Mo–C–Cu, Ti–B–Cu, and TiB₂–Cu composite coatings under spark erosion associated with the opening of electrical contacts. The model describes the evaporation of the electrodes under the action of the heat flux due to sparking when the electrical contacts open. In this model, the resistance of the electrical contacts during the tests is assumed to be 40–50 μΩ. The model corresponds to the heating of a half-space by a normal pulsed surface heat source uniformly distributed over an area of specified radius, with a specified heating time. The energy distribution of the pulse over time is approximated by a rectangular pulse. The finite pulse length is taken into account in solving the heat-conduction equation in cylindrical coordinates for a plane instantaneous heat source. The vapor pressure of the metal is determined from the surface temperature. The calculations assume a contact voltage of 380 V; a current of 3 A; a spark discharge of length 150 μs; and a discharge–surface contact spot of radius 152 μm. The following parameters are determined: the surface temperature of pure electrodes; the surface temperature of the composite coatings; the depth of the evaporation layer for pure electrodes; the mass loss of the composite coating after a single discharge pulse; the relative change in bulk resistance of the pure electrodes and composite coatings to electroerosion; and the relative change in mass resistance of the pure electrodes and composite coatings to electroerosion. The content of the elements in the composite coating is determined. The model results are in good agreement with experimental data, especially for the ternary systems W–C–Cu, Mo–C–Cu, and Ti–B–Cu. The results are also in adequate agreement with literature data. For the binary systems W–Cu and Mo–Cu, the discrepancies may be attributed to the approximations made in the model.     

Levee Erosion by Overtopping in New Orleans during the Katrina Hurricane

Erodibility of a soil is defined here as the relationship between the erosion rate of a soil dz/dt and the velocity v of the water flowing over it, or the relationship between the erosion rate of a soil dz/dt and the shear stress developed by the water at the water-soil interface. This is called the erosion function. The test used to measure the erosion function of the levee soils is the erosion function apparatus test. The test consists of eroding a soil sample by pushing it out of a thin wall steel tube and recording the erosion rate for a given velocity of the water flowing over it. Several velocities are used and the erosion function is defined. A new erosion category chart is proposed to reduce the erodibility of a soil or rock to a single category number. Twenty three samples were retrieved from 11 locations at the surface of the levees around New Orleans. Thirteen were samples from Shelby tubes while ten were bag samples. The results obtained show a large variation of erosion resistance among the soils tested. Some of the levees associated with the location of the samples resisted the overtopping erosion very well; others eroded completely. On the basis of the erosion test results and of the observed behavior of the levees during the hurricane, a chart is presented which can be used to select soils for overtopping resistance. Numerical simulations were performed using the program CHEN 3D to obtain the distribution of velocity vectors in the overtopping flow and of shear stresses at the interface between the water and the levee surface. The comparison of the numerical simulation results and of the erosion function gives added credibility to the proposed levee overtopping erosion chart.     

不同掺杂试剂的钼镧板材力学性能分析

通过对自制硝酸镧和外购分析纯硝酸镧作为掺杂试剂,分别在二氧化钼中进行喷雾掺杂,还原得到钼粉,经过压制、烧结出板坯,对轧制得到的板材进行高温力学性能分析。结果表明,采用外购硝酸镧进行掺杂得到的板材具有较好的高温力学性能。     

新型压铸用模具钢的开发

通过对Mo等合金元素的强化作用、脱氧制度、电渣工艺参数优化、多次反复锻造工艺等的研究试验，提高了模具钢强度、纯净度和等向性，获得高强度、高抗热疲劳性能、高耐磨性的压铸用模具钢，满足了市场需求。     

无碳钢包渣线耐火材料的研究

研究了几种不同添加物对镁基耐火材料抗渣性和热震稳定性的影响。发现向镁基材料中添加10％左右的ZrO2制成的镁锆砖，对碱性渣的侵蚀具有很高的抵抗能力、同时具有较高的热震稳定性和抗剥落性，是一种较好的无碳钢包渣线耐火材料。