空巢老人养老问题研究

我国的空巢老人呈快速增加趋势,完善其养老机制刻不容缓,本文的分析表明,现有的子女养老模式具有很大的不足和局限,难以承担起空巢老人养老的重任,需要构建国家、民办养老服务机构、社会慈善机构和爱心人士以及空巢老人互助养老的多元养老体系.     

福建省养老服务问题及对策初探

在分析福建省养老服务事业发展所面临的问题基础上,对发展福建省养老服务事业提出对策和建议,指出要以科学发展观为指导,发展养老服务理念:加快政府职能转变,推进养老服务体系建设:建立社会多元筹资模式,鼓励社会力童投入养老产业:提升社区服务水平,优化社区养老服务体系运行机制:建立专业化养老工作者队伍,充分发挥志愿者作用,力图为发展养老服务需求提供政策理论依据,积极有效地应对福建省人口老龄化以及社会变迁.     

汉代养老制度体系建设及启示

尊老孝亲是华夏文明传承的美德与精华,是古代统治阶级政治体制及社会礼制的重要内容。汉代在继承秦国养老体系雏形的基础上,标榜"以孝治天下",建立起国家、社会、家庭三者并行的尊老养老体系,沿袭并开创了"三老五更"、"乡饮酒礼"、"选拔人才"、"赐授官物"、"减免赋役"、"刑律宽恤"、"奖惩孝行"等具有标志性、上承下效的尊老规范、礼仪和制度。汉代养老体系和制度的建设对后世尊老孝亲思想行为的传播、发展起到积极的推动作用,也为现代社会养老制度的制定与完善提供了借鉴意义。     

城市老年人居家养老服务的现状模型——基于结构方程中高阶因子的实证分析

根据对居家养老服务内涵的分析,认为居家养老服务应包括生活照料、志愿者服务、信息咨询、家政服务等几个维度.借助于抽样调查所得到的数据,利用结构方程模型(SEM)建立包含7个测量维度(一阶因子)的二阶因子分析模型.实证表明,该模型不仅可以有效反映老年人居家养老服务中高价因子的结构现状,而且可以确定各维度在居家养老服务整体中的相对影响力(重要性).据此,为老年人居家养老服务措施的改进提供可靠的实证依据.     

社会工作者在居家养老服务中作用的思考

结合我省的实际情况,针对居家养老服务中存在的动力不足、服务意识不到位、服务内容单一、服务主体素质不高、服务使用范围受限等主要问题,提出了社会工作者在居家养老中主要应充当资源整合者的角色,通过拓宽服务渠道、提倡服务专业化、提高服务人员素质等方式更好地为我省社会工作人才建设及居家养老服务工作服务.     

农村养老保障体系建设社会参与分析

分析了我国农村养老保障体系建设的历史沿革及发展现状,指出应注重引入社会参与农村养老保障体系的建设.探讨了企业、社区等社会主体参与农村养老保障体系建设的合理性、必要性及可操作性,指出从制度层面规范引导社会参与农村养老保障体系建设应成为完善农村社会养老保障体系的重要工作.     

基于合作式治理视角的政府购买公共服务机制创新研究——以长沙市政府购买居家养老服务为例

创新政府购买服务机制是服务型政府建设的重要内容,也是建立新型政社关系、培育社会组织的重要途径.长沙市政府在购买居家养老服务过程中,建立了政府买单与社会运作机制、绩效考评与经费资助机制、规范管理与专业队伍服务机制,取得了一定的效果,但在运行中仍存在一些问题.为进一步提高社会资源的有效配置,政府应完善政策,建立社会组织发展的长效机制和制度激励机制,增强社会组织获取资源的能力;制定规章,构筑购买公共服务的透明机制和合理的监督机制,实现政府与社会组织平等的合作关系.     

社区居家养老服务的现状及建议

社区居家养老服务是指老年人居住在家中,以社区为中心,养老服务由社区为依托的各种社会力量来提供的一种养老模式.它是介于老人家庭照顾和老人社会机构照顾之间的一种运用社区资源开展的老人照顾方式,笔者根据调查数据从社区居家养老的现状和存在的问题进行了分析,并从人员、制度、配置及保障四个方面进行了系统的阐述."老吾老,以及人之老".相信在全社会的共同努力、共同理解和共同参与下,我国的老龄福利事业会走向更加美好的明天.     

积极探索社会化养老新模式

随着社会经济的发展和计划生育的不断推进,家庭模式也发生了变化,家庭(尤其是农村家庭)空巢现象加剧,老年人养老问题更为凸显,养老服务的需求十分紧迫.     

老龄化背景下社区照顾养老模式应用的可行性分析

我国目前面临严重的人口老龄化趋势.这意味着我国需要养老的人口在激增.我国目前老年人照顾的现实是传统家庭养老功能在弱化、社会养老机构严重不足.在这一背景下,充分利用各种资源为已经步入老年的和将要步入老年的人们提供养老所需的各种服务是当前我国政府提出的构建和谐社会的治国理念的重要表现.起源于20世纪50年代的英国社区照顾养老模式就是强调个人、社区、政府各方分担养老的责任,充分利用各方资源的模式.社区照顾养老模式是对我国目前养老所面临的困境具有十分重要的借鉴意义.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.