三段Halbach磁铁阵列永磁同步电机铁心的优化设计

Halbach磁铁阵列和集中绕组的分数槽绕组应用于永磁同步电机可提高输出转矩并降低转矩波动,满足伺服系统快速性和高精确度的要求,但需要对电机铁心进行再设计。依据Halbach磁铁阵列的理论建立了每极三段Halbach磁铁阵列永磁同步电机磁场的模型,并分析了气隙磁场特点,提出采用集中绕组的分数槽绕组削弱齿谐波。分析电机铁心的结构特点,确定多个关键尺寸为设计变量,以一定电流的最大转矩平均值和最小转矩波动为主要优化目标,采用Taguchi方法简化优化设计的计算,并建立了双层的优化模型。以一台8极9槽的伺服电动机为例,采用有限元计算,阐述了每极三段Halbach磁铁阵列永磁电机多变量、多目标的优化过程。     

基于Halbach阵列的盘式无铁心永磁同步电机磁钢优化

对基于90°Halbach阵列的盘式无铁心永磁同步电机的磁钢进行形状优化,以改善电机的气隙磁密波形。分析了电机的结构和空载电磁场,在此基础上采用改变永磁体边缘形状方法将90°Halbach型永磁体阵列优化为内圆型、外圆型和削角型3种,并利用有限元法分析不同永磁体形状对气隙磁密波形的正弦性和基波幅值的影响。分析表明优化后的90°Halbach型盘式无铁心永磁同步电机能够获得和45°Halbach型电机基本相同的气隙磁密,并且在永磁体充磁、加工和安装定位等方面要优于45°Halbach型电机。3种永磁体形状优化中内圆型永磁体的优化效果最佳。     

轮毂多盘式无铁心永磁同步电机永磁体结构优化

将不等厚排列技术与90°Halbach阵列以及不等宽排列技术相结合应用到两个外转子磁钢分析,中间盘采用普通磁钢排列,通过改变磁钢排列的厚度及宽度,来进一步提高多盘式无铁心永磁同步电机气隙磁密的基波幅值和波形的正弦性,从而提高电机性能。对16极盘式永磁同步电机进行仿真建模,将"不等宽排列技术+90°Halbach阵列"模型以及其优化模型"不等厚排列技术+90°Halbach阵列+不等宽排列技术"进行静态气隙磁场对比分析。仿真数据表明,"不等厚排列技术+90°Halbach阵列+不等宽排列技术"使得周向磁密波形和切向磁密波形都大为改善,磁场波形更接近于正弦分布特征,其中周向磁密波形畸变率改善了67.02%,气隙周向磁密幅值提高了8.15%。     

基于Halbach阵列盘式无铁心永磁同步电机优化设计——楔形气隙结构电机

从优化结构角度出发,提出基于Halbach阵列楔形气隙盘式无铁心永磁同步电机,该类电机具有效率高、重量轻、噪声低、结构简单等优点,通过改变气隙结构以进一步提高盘式无铁心永磁同步电机的气隙磁密,达到提高电机性能的目的.利用FEM方法对16极盘式永磁同步电机进行建模,选取不同的空气罩尺寸来分析比较,确定适合的求解域,进而对均匀气隙与楔形气隙两种结构进行了静态气隙磁场分析比较.实验结果表明,样机出力由均匀气隙结构200W提高至楔形气隙结构的250W,效率由91.8%升高到92.4%,功率因数由0.985提高到0.993,优化设计达到了目的.     

Halbach永磁同步电机分析

本文分析了Halbach阵列磁场分布的原理。与常规永磁电机相比,按照Halbach阵列形式制成转子的永磁电机具有一些独特的特点(如单边磁场等)。利用ansys有限元分析了四对极Halbach永磁同步电机的转子磁场分布形状,得到了气隙磁密波形。论文最后给出了样机电势波形,验证了理论分析以及仿真的正确性。     

应用新型Halbach阵列的PCB定子轴向磁通永磁电机性能分析

本文针对定子为印刷线路板（printed circuit board,PCB）结构的轴向磁通永磁电机的特点,将一种新型的Halbach永磁体阵列应用于该永磁电机中,并对其性能参数进行分析。通过与传统Halbach永磁体阵列的无铁心轴向磁通永磁电机相比可知:应用新型Halbach永磁体阵列的PCB定子轴向磁通永磁电机在相同尺寸及同等永磁体用量条件下,具有更高的气隙磁密及每极磁通,可获得更高的空载反电势,同时有效地降低了漏磁,使得气隙磁密更接近正弦波,电机的整体性能得到了提升。有限元分析结果和样机的对比试验证明了应用新型Halbach永磁体阵列的PCB定子轴向磁通永磁电机的合理性和有效性。为PCB定子轴向磁通永磁电机的设计提供一定的参考。     

磁极组合型轴向磁场无铁心永磁电机的设计与分析

在现有Halbach阵列永磁电机的基础上,提出了一种磁极组合式的Halbach永磁阵列轴向磁场无铁心电机,阐述了该电机的结构与优点,分析了该电机的电磁转矩。借助三维有限元分析方法,优化设计了组成转子磁极的Halbach永磁材料、软磁材料尺寸。在综合考虑单位体积永磁体所产生电磁转矩和气隙磁密正弦性的基础上,确定了电机转子磁极上轴向磁化、切向磁化永磁体以及软磁材料的极弧系数。与传统Halbach结构轴向磁场无铁心永磁电机相比,优化后的磁极组合型轴向磁场无铁心永磁电机,在保证气隙磁密大小一定的基础上,减少了永磁体用量,降低电机造价,从而提高了电机性价比。样机实验和有限元分析结果验证了所设计电机的正确性和有效性。     

Halbach阵列用于盘式无铁心永磁同步电动机的结构仿真研究

介绍了一种新型Halbach永磁体阵列的基本形式、特点及其在盘式无铁心永磁同步电动机中的应用,并利用FEM对该型电动机中的Halbach永磁体阵列的最佳结构及特点进行了仿真分析。说明样机电动势接近正弦,损耗降低,效率提高。     

Halbach励磁的无刷无铁心被动补偿脉冲电机设计

设计了一种Halbach永磁阵列励磁无刷无铁心被动补偿脉冲电机。从Halbach永磁阵列的原理入手,介绍了该种电机的结构和特点。采用解析计算方法,求解了气隙磁场泊松方程,得到了气隙磁场解析解。利用有限元数值仿真方法,分析了Halbach磁阵列励磁CPA与普通永磁励磁CPA的气隙电磁场分布,得到了决定电机气隙磁场的部分因素,证明了解析方法的正确性,并反映出该设计的可行性和优越性。     

基于不等厚永磁体的非均匀Halbach型PMSM气隙磁场解析及性能研究

Halbach阵列永磁电机的气隙磁场相对于一般的永磁同步电机正弦性更好,转矩输出性能更优秀,对气隙磁场进行准确的计算是其后续设计、计算和优化的基础。本文提出了一种采用主辅极不等厚磁极来优化不均匀Halbach阵列性能的电机模型,以2:1的主辅极比例厚度为例,推导出了计及极间隔断的不等厚磁极Halbach永磁电机的径向气隙磁场解析解,该模型在有限元软件中得到了验证。在此基础上对比了在若干组常见的永磁体所占角度配比下,等厚磁极Halbach电机和不等厚磁极Halbach电机的齿槽转矩、磁场畸变率等性能指标,发现了不等厚度磁极Halbach型永磁电机在削弱齿槽转矩和降低磁场畸变率方面的明显优势。     

A low‐loss snubber for reducing motor terminal surge voltage

The development of an advanced Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) has enabled high‐frequency switching operation and has improved the performance of PWM inverters for motor drive. However, the IGBT's high rate of dv/dt has adverse effects on motor insulation stress. In many motor drive applications, the inverter and motor are separated, requiring long motor feeds. The long cable contributes high‐frequency ringing at the motor terminal and results in high surge voltage which stresses the motor insulation. The inverter output filter and RDC snubber are the conventional method for reducing the surge voltage. In this paper, we propose a new low‐loss snubber to reduce the motor terminal surge voltage. The snubber consists of the series connection of chraging/discharging capacitor and the voltage‐clamped capacitor. At IGBT turn‐off, the snubber starts to operate when the IGBT voltage reaches the voltage‐clamped level. Since dv/dt is decreased by snubber operating, the peak level of the surge voltage can be reduced. Also the snubber operates at the IGBT voltage above the voltage‐clamped level, and the snubber loss is largely reduced compared with the RDC snubber. The proposed snubber enables reduction of the motor terminal surge voltage with low loss. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 150(4): 64–72, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10378     

THYRISTOR CONVERTER-FED SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR DRIVE

ABSTRACT

The development, design and construction of a variable speed drive using a synchronous motor is described in this paper. At first, the operation of motor with a current-fed, motor e. m. f. commutated inverter is explained. The working of control circuitry is explained next with the aid of logic and functional blocks. The power circuit, comprising the converter, inverter and motor has been reduced to simple blocks so that the controller design by hand computations becomes possible. It has also been shown that the digital simulation based on simplified block diagram is accurate enough for obtaining the responses of the system to step changes in speed reference and load on motor.     

Phase frame analysis of the effects of voltage unbalance oninduction machines

Operating a three-phase induction motor with unbalanced voltages can lead to excessive heating. The traditional method of analyzing the operating conditions of the motor when unbalanced voltages have been applied has been to use the theory of symmetrical components. The purpose of this paper is to develop a method of analyzing the motor in the “phase frame”. The method is then applied to a typical motor to demonstrate the results of operating a motor with unbalanced voltages and the reason why a motor must be derated under these conditions     

Anti‐windup algorithm with priority to proportional control output of speed PI controller for precision servo system

A robust servo system is important for performance improvement of motion control systems in several industry applications. Generally, a high‐speed positioning servo system consists of robust control systems with integrator, such as PI controller. The industrial servo system always has the limitation for the capacity of the actuator and power amplifier. An ordinary industrial position servo system often has to deal with the saturation of motor current and motor speed. It is difficult for the high‐speed positioning servo system to keep the robust position control against the saturation of motor current and motor speed. This is the case because an ordinary position servo system has a complicated control structure with many control loops. Hence, it sometimes has a large overshoot and an oscillated response due to the limitation of motor current and motor speed. In order to overcome this problem, this paper proposes a new robust high‐speed positioning servo system considering the saturation of torque current and motor speed. The experimental results show that the proposed robust high‐speed positioning servo system has quick and stable position response for the saturation of motor current and motor speed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 170(3): 57–64, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20904     

A CHOPPER FOR CONTROL OF DC TRACTION MOTOR

Abstract

The paper describes a new chopper circuit capable of wide range of output voltage control and high frequency operation. The chopper has been analysed taking line inductance into account and expressions have been presented for the calculation of commutation circuit component parameters. A method has been presented for the calculation of motor performance and ripple in armature current. It takes into account the non-linearity of motor magnetic circuit and the effect of commutation pulse on motor performance.     

QUICK AND PRECISE POSITION CONTROL OF ULTRASONIC MOTORS WITH TWO CONTROL INPUTS

ABSTRACT

Ultrasonic motor (USM) has an excellent performance and many useful features. Since this motor is superior in holding torque and high response characteristic, it has been expected to use as position servomotor for small motors.

There have been reported some mathematical models of the ultrasonic motor. however, these models are too complex to apply for control of the motor. Therefore position controllers based on PI control or fuzzy control have been proposed in recent years. It is difficult to control the ultrasonic motor with high-performance using such controllers, thus simple and convenient mathematical model is necessary for precise control.

This paper presents a new position control scheme of ultrasonic motor, it consists of a PI controller and an adaptive controller which compensates the speed characteristic variations with online parameter identification. Moreover, this system controls both driving frequency and phase difference in order to achieve a quick and precise position control. The effectiveness of proposed control.scheme is demonstrated by experiments.     

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF A HOMOPOLAR LINEAR SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

Abstract

This paper presents some experimental results obtained from a small homo-polar linear synchronous motor which has been tested on the two-metre test wheel facility at the University of Toronto. The primary of the motor has both armature and field windings while the secondary consists of alternately-placed solid iron poles on the wheel rim. A short three-pole primary has been used so that end effects are accentuated. Test results are presented over a wide range of operating speed, load angle and winding currents. These results indicate that the motor is a promising contender for urban transit propulsion.     

CONTROL OF SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR USING FORCED-COMMUTATED ELECTRONIC SWITCHES

ABSTRACT

Single phase induction motors require assistant methods for starting, speed-control and reversing direction of rotation. The available methods suffer from many drawbacks. Most of these drawbacks are due to use of mechanical switches in addition to other expensive electrical equipment. This paper suggests a nonconventional versatile method which realizes all the motor requirements. The method uses two forced-commutated electronic switches to feed a single-phase motor which has two symmetrical stator windings. By this circuit, the motor could produce a high starting torque. Also the speed could be controlled and the direction could be reversed. A state space mathematical model has been developed for the motor and its solid state feeding converter. With the aid of the model, the system has been simulated by a developed computer program. Transient starting characteristics have been computed. Also, steady state speed control characteristics have been obtained for different control strategies. The performance of the motor has been compared with other conventional control methods, and with a method which uses naturally commutated electronic switches.     

Design and analysis of low‐speed,high‐torque permanent magnet motors

This paper presents design and analysis of low‐speed, high‐torque permanent magnet motors. The motor has 16‐pole, 18‐coil construction, and a unique winding arrangement to produce high torque. The simplified torque analysis is proposed considering the line of magnetic induction distribution in the motor. The validity of the proposed analysis has been proved by both linear and nonlinear FEM analyses. The 500‐Nm, 200‐rpm test motor has been designed and constructed and the motor shows the expected characteristics. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 132(3): 48–56, 2000     

High‐Efficiency Motors Using Soft Magnetic Cores

We have developed a small and highly efficient axial gap motor whose stator core consists of a soft magnetic core. First, the loss sensitivities to various motor design parameters were evaluated by magnetic field analysis. Low sensitivity to the pole number and core dimensions ( ? 2.2 dB) was found for the total loss, which is the sum of the copper loss and the iron losses in the stator core and the rotor yoke. From this we concluded that to improve the motor efficiency, it is essential to reduce the iron loss in the rotor yoke and to minimize the other losses. With this in mind, a prototype axial gap motor was manufactured and tested. The motor has four poles and six slots. The motor is 123 mm in diameter and the axial length is 47 mm. The rotor has parallel magnetized magnets and a rotor yoke with magnetic steel sheets. The maximum measured rotor efficiency is 93%. This value roughly agrees with the maximum calculated efficiency of 95%.