颗粒浓度在线监测的双波长消光法

用消光法（Ｌｉｇｈｔ ｅｘｔｉｎｃｔｉｏｎ）可以测量微粒的粒度及浓度,但一般仅限于实验室装置。本文提出了一种双波长消光法进行颗粒浓度在线监测的新方法。文中除给出理论分析外,还给出了实测结果。     

颗粒尺寸在线测量的光透消光法

提出了用光透消光法（或称全散射法）对颗粒尺寸及其分布进行实时在线测量的方法。并模拟生产现场颗粒状况,用标准粒子作了一系列验证实验,实验结果很好地证实了本方法的有效性。     

颗粒粒度在线测量的多对波长消光法

本文提出一种新的能实现颗粒粒度在线监测的多对波长消光法。理论分析及实验研究证实了这种方法的有效性。     

消光法测量微粒尺寸的测量下限的研究

根据Ｍｉｅ光散射理论,本文详细讨论了用可见光波段的光透消光法（Ｌｉｇｈｔｅｘｔｉｎｃｔｉｏｎ）测量微粒尺寸的测粒下限。分析及计算表明,采用合适的最优化计算方法,光透消光法可用于测量亚微米级及以下的超细颗粒。文中给出了数值模拟计算结果及实测结果。     

用光透消光法测定颗粒物质的折射率

基于Ｍｉｅ光散射理论及Ｌａｍｂｅｒｔ—Ｂｅｅｒ光透射定律，本文提出一种测定颗粒状物质的折射率的有效方法──光透消光法。本文给出了测量原理、方法及对几种标准颗粒折射率的实测结果     

球形金纳米颗粒的消光特性及不同折射率环境下的共振波长

为了研究球形Au纳米颗粒的消光特性及共振波长与环境折射率的关系,采用Mie理论计算了直径为20,40,60和80nm的球形Au纳米颗粒在不同折射率的介质环境中的消光谱,并利用消光法实验测量了这4种粒径的Au纳米颗粒在不同浓度糖水中的吸光度,取得了糖水介质环境的折射率与浓度之间的关系及其色散规律,以及Au纳米颗粒的消光系数及共振波长随环境折射率变化的数据。结果表明,介质环境糖水浓度一定时,Au颗粒半径增大,消光峰值红移;颗粒半径一定时,周围介质环境糖水浓度增大,消光峰值红移;Au纳米颗粒的共振波长与糖水浓度呈线性关系,20,40,60,80nm的Au纳米颗粒对应的线性斜率分别为0.106 0,0.135 5,0.193 8,0.265 8,斜率随粒径尺寸的增大而增大。该结论为探索纳米颗粒的折射率敏感性奠定了基础。     

多波长消光测粒技术的一种改进方法

:在详细研究现有多波长消光测粒技术的基础上 ,分析了各个波长下各透射光强之间的内在联系 ,并提出消光测粒技术在具体应用中的一种新的改进方法。     

一种新颖的颗粒粒度分析仪—消光式测粒仪

一种新颖的颗粒粒度分析仪──消光式测粒仪郑刚，张志伟，蔡小舒，王乃宁（华东工业大学）０引言光散射测粒技术是目前公认的很有发展前途的一类测粒技术。本文基于Ｍｉｅ光散射理论，利用消光原理（Ｌｉｇｈｔｅｘｔｉｎｃｔｉｏｎ）［１］，采用可见光波段的多个波长，...     

用压降法测量管内颗粒浓度和风速方法的研究

根据两相流压降与颗粒浓度具有的确定的依赖关系,提出了压降法治测定管道颗粒浓度和风速的一般形式和特殊形式,通过对压降法不同形式的分析,找到了各自在测量上的特点及相互间的差别,指出在同一管线上选择送粉特性有差异的两段管道应用压降法的一般形式,可不破坏原有管线及其阻力特性,特别适合于采用乏气送粉和直吹式制粉系统的火电厂现场使用,建立了试验及在线测量系统并进行了试验,论证了压降法测量的可行性。     

新的消光起伏信号数据处理模型

窄光束照射含颗粒两相流时,透过率会产生起伏。透过率起伏信号可用来测量颗粒粒径和浓度。由于在测量原理和结构上非常简单,这种方法可用来实现在线、实时测量。本文对Gregory提出的模型讨论,指出其中不足之处并提出一种新的数据处理模型。模拟计算和实测表明,新的模型在颗粒粒径范围和浓度范围均有扩展。     

分散聚合法制备含交联剂的单分散PMMA微球

用分散聚合的方法,在甲醇、乙醇体系中制备了含交联剂二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGDMA)的PMMA微球,讨论了分散体系对粒径的影响.     

PMMA表面TiO_2/MCM-41涂层的制备及光催化性能研究

针对聚合物不耐高温的问题,本文设计了一种简单实用的方法,将已制备好的Ti O2/MCM-41粉体,通过喷雾沉积的方法固定在PMMA表面。避免了高温焙烧对PMMA造成的破坏。该方法很好的保持了光催化剂的晶型和粒度,催化剂与载体表面结合牢固,为光催化降解水中污染物提供了一个新的思路。     

PMMA/SiO_2纳米复合材料的断面原子力显微镜分析

原位聚合法制备PMMA/nano-SiO2纳米复合材料,用DSC,TGA和溶解实验研究复合材料基本的结构和性能。用AFM对复合材料的断面进行详细的分析。结果表明,经表面处理的SiO2无机填料在低含量的情况下可以分散的比较均匀;高含量SiO2很难在PMMA基体中分散均匀,而且使PMMA的断面变得较为粗糙。SiO2填充粒子的添加和用量对基体的热稳定性、玻璃化转变温度、材料的溶解性都有较大的影响。     

PS/PMMA复合材料的光散射

对以聚苯乙烯(PS)和自行合成的纳米类双亲PMMAPS为光散射剂,以聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)为基体的复合光散射材料进行了实验研究.测试并分析了样品的雾度及透光率与添加量之间的关系,目的在于通过调节散射剂添加量来调控以PMMA为基体的高聚物材料的光散射性能.实验结果表明,添加少量PS到PMMA中即可制备出光散射材料,PS添加量为1%时,复合光散射材料的透光率为80%;不添加PMMAPS时雾度为50%,添加了PMMAPS时雾度达到80%,PMMAPS可以改善PMMA和PS之间的相容性,提高样品的雾度值.因此通过调节散射剂PS和PMMAPS添加量可实现光散射高雾度和高透光率的双高要求.     

PMMA导光板在家用音响产品显示系统中的应用

通过对LCD显示器中PMMA导光板照明技术原理进行分析和比较,研究了家电产品中PMMA导光板的形状设计、材料选取及反光点阵设计对导光板导光效率和均匀度的影响。     

基于原子力显微镜的PMMA飞秒激光纳米加工

介绍了一种基于原子力显微镜(AFM)的激光近场增强纳米加工方法。探讨了作为主要影响因素的激光场增强效应,用时域有限差分法对AFM探针下光场的空间分布进行了数值分析。研究了飞秒激光入射到AFM探针的PMMA材料的图形化,在PMMA材料表面加工了不同宽度的线条和字母。利用AFM对所得纳米图形进行了原位测试。在激光参数未经优化的情况下,其线宽可达100nm,超过了实验室飞秒激光远场加工的分辨能力(200nm)。     

Experimental investigations and analytical modeling of multi-pass CO2 laser processing on PMMA

In this research work, microchannels have been fabricated utilizing multi-pass CO₂ laser processing on Poly-methyl meth-acrylate (PMMA) substrates. CO₂ laser engraving machines are cost effective and less time consuming compared to other tools and methods of fabricating microchannels on PMMA. However, the basic problem of low surface finish of the microchannel walls still restricts thus fabricated product from many potential applications. In this work, experimental and theoretical investigations of multi-pass CO₂ laser processing on PMMA have been conducted. A number of experiments were performed to establish the relationship between laser power and scanning speed with microchannel parameters like width, depth, heat affected zone, surface roughness and surface profiles. Experiments were conducted at four different power settings with 50 mm/s of constant scanning speed and seven numbers of passes in each setting. Changes in thermo-physical properties of PMMA were observed for as-received PMMA sample and PMMA sample residing in heat affected zone (HAZ) for first pass and secondary passes respectively. Effect of different numbers of passes on microchannel width, depth, HAZ and surface roughness were explored for different power setting. Microchannel profiles resulting from different numbers of passes have been compared. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis was performed to determine elemental composition after each pass. Many advantages of multi-pass processing over single-pass processing were recorded including high aspect ratio, low heat affected zone, smoother microchannel walls and reduced tapering of microchannels. An energy balance based simple analytical model was developed and validated with experimental results for predicting microchannel profiles on PMMA substrate in multi-pass processing. Multi-pass processing was found to be time and cost effective method for producing smooth microchannels on PMMA.     

Three-body wear of UHMWPE acetabular cups by PMMA particles against CoCr, alumina and zirconia heads in a hip joint simulator

Three-body abrasive wear of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) acetabular cups by loose polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement particles is an important mechanism responsible for elevated wear debris generation in total hip arthroplasty. The resistance of the femoral head material to third-body damage has been considered critical for the wear performance of the polyethylene component. This study examines the effect of loose bone cement particles on the wear rate of UHMWPE acetabular cups against both metal and ceramic counterfaces in a hip joint simulator. Against the CoCr head, the UHMWPE cup showed a strong dependence of wear rate on the concentration of the PMMA particles in the lubricant. At a concentration less than 5 g/l, the presence of the PMMA particles had no detrimental effect on the wear rate; higher concentrations of the PMMA particles greater than 5 g/l led to an accelerated wear of the acetabular cups. Mild scratching damage was observed on the CoCr heads after testing with all PMMA-containing lubricants. However, no increased UHMWPE wear rate was found against these damaged femoral heads in a fresh lubricant without PMMA particles, indicating that femoral head scratching was not a major cause for the elevated wear observed under the three-body abrasive conditions. Against both alumina and zirconia ceramic heads, the wear rate of the UHMWPE was independent of the concentration of the PMMA particles. It was observed that a significant portion of the CoCr heads was covered with loose patches of PMMA particles. The higher the concentration of the PMMA particles, the greater the area of the head covered with PMMA particles. The attachment of PMMA particles to the ceramic heads was much reduced compared to the CoCr heads. It is therefore concluded that ceramic femoral heads are effective against potential run-away wear of the UHMWPE acetabular cups when an excessive amount of loose PMMA particles are present in the lubricant.     

有机玻璃本构关系的试验研究

有机玻璃是比较典型的粘弹性材料,其力学性能依赖于时间和应力水平。本文对有机玻璃的本构关系进行试验研究。首先,对有机玻璃进行不同应力水平下的蠕变试验,得出了与初始应力水平相关的蠕变关系式。在此蠕变过程中,有机玻璃会出现银纹化现象。本文利用光学显微镜观测了银纹的生长过程,得到不同应力水平下的银纹损伤值。通过定义损伤区的有效应力,导出了银纹区的应力-应变关系式。本文采用宏观和细观相结合的方法,研究材料在破坏之前的缺陷演化对材料力学性能的影响。所定义的损伤区应力以及由此导出的本构关系避免了文献中对相关问题不确切的假设,具有一定的适用性。     

热压法快速制作微流控芯片模具

提出了一种微流控芯片模具的快速批量制作方法。应用光刻与湿法腐蚀技术制作玻璃母模,然后采用热压成形技术批量制作聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)阳模,再利用阳模浇模、键合批量制作聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)微流控芯片。结果表明,该法制作的PMMA模具及复制得到的PDMS芯片平整度好、一致性高,其沟道宽度和深度的相对标准偏差分别小于0.5%和1.5%。