有机抗菌剂应用于纺织品的研究进展

介绍了有机抗菌剂的抗菌机理,着重论述了季铵盐类、卤胺化合物、聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐类、甜菜碱类和有机天然抗菌剂应用于纺织品的研究进展,讨论了有机抗菌剂应用于纺织品的难点和未来的发展方向。     

羊毛抗菌整理研究进展

本文从抗菌机理、与纤维的结合类型和常见整理方法等3个方面,介绍了近年来用于羊毛抗菌整理中的各类抗菌剂,其中包括无机金属离子抗菌剂、有机抗菌剂、天然抗菌剂和纳米材料抗菌剂,并对这些抗菌剂的研究进展及存在的问题进行了分析。     

纺织品抗菌除臭鞋材研究现状

简单介绍了近几年来纺织品抗菌鞋材的2种制作方法:通过后整理工艺将抗菌剂整理在纺织品鞋材上;在纤维纺丝液中添加抗菌剂,直接制成含有抗菌成分的纺织品,再将其制成抗菌鞋材。同时,从抗菌广谱性、安全性、耐药性、持久性、环保性等方面,详细介绍了含有金属元素、负离子、稀土元素等对细菌抑制效果良好的无机抗菌剂;含有季铵盐、季鏻盐、硅氧烷等杀灭真菌效果较好的有机抗菌剂;含有植物类、动物类、矿物类成分等的环保型天然抗菌剂,这3类抗菌剂各自的优缺点,以及将其应用在抗菌除臭纺织品鞋材整理工艺上的最新研究进展。     

纤维的抗菌防臭及制菌加工进展

阐述了抗菌防臭、制菌纤维的两种加工方法：纤维混入法和后处理加工法;并对表面活性剂类、有机硅树脂季铵盐类、双胍类、纤维上金属配位类、无机金属离子抗菌剂类、天然抗菌的类等抗菌防臭、制菌加工剂的性能和使用方法作了详细介绍。抗菌防臭和制菌整理是２１世纪四大功能性整理之一,其发展趋势广阔,前任光明。     

抗菌剂抗菌机理简述

该文对现有抗菌剂进行了简单分类,主要包括无机系、有机系和天然生物抗菌剂三大类,并且简单阐述了无机系、有机系和天然生物抗菌剂的种类、特点以及抗菌机理,并指出不同类别抗菌剂存在的问题,对抗菌剂未来发展的方向进行了展望。     

抗菌剂在纤维及织物上的应用

介绍了无机抗菌剂、有机抗菌剂和天然抗菌剂,及抗菌剂在纤维和织物上的应用。最后介绍了目前普遍存在的抗菌检测方法。     

抗菌整理剂在棉纺织品上的应用

应用“无机、天然、有机”3种抗菌整理剂对纯棉织物进行功能整理 ,通过抗菌性、耐洗涤性、毒性实验分析 ,证实无机和天然类抗菌剂高效、耐久、安全 ,其综合性能与有机类抗菌剂DC 570 0相当 ,是目前理想的织物抗菌整理剂     

纳米级再生型复合抗菌整理剂QP-NK的制备研究

将天然抗菌剂、有机抗菌剂以及纳米无机抗菌剂有效复合,制备出了具有适度抗菌作用的纳米再生型复合抗菌整理剂QP-NK,并采用粒度分析仪、透射电镜、沉降法等对QP-NK的性能进行了表征,对QP-NK整理后的羊毛织物抗菌性进行了检测,在扫描电镜下观察了整理后织物的表面形态.结果表明:复合抗菌剂QP-NK具有较好的分散稳定性,放置1个月无明显分层或沉降现象,其中无机粒子呈纳米级分布.利用该抗菌剂整理后的羊毛织物抑菌率为86.87%,经50次家庭洗涤,抑菌率为77.50%,抑菌保持率达90%以上,满足了适度性、持久性抗菌的要求,而且对织物色泽和手感没有明显影响.     

抗菌天然皮革、合成革的研究进展及现状分析

介绍了革制品的主要分类和无机、有机以及天然抗菌剂对革制品的抗菌整理工艺,综述了近几年的国内外革制品抗菌改性的进展成效,包括天然皮革、聚氨酯合成革、聚氯乙烯合成革等。指出了其存在的问题,并对革制品抗菌整理的发展趋势提出了展望。介绍了环境友好型抗菌整理的发展方向,以及天然多糖类抗菌剂壳聚糖和天然挥发精油类抗菌剂广泛应用于革制品抗菌整理的必要性。     

抗菌技术在纺织材料中的应用

分析了织物的释放、再生和静态抑菌等抗菌机理。织物的抗菌性可以通过天然抗菌纤维、人工抗菌纤维和织物抗菌整理等三种途径来获得。阐述了抗菌剂的种类与应用情况，包括无机系抗菌剂、有机系抗菌剂和天然抗菌剂。对Modal Fresh纤维、含木炭纤维Charcoalon、纳米层状银系抗菌丙纶纤维等人工抗菌纤维的研究进行了介绍。     

季铵盐对羊毛织物的抗菌性能研究

根据羊毛分子结构的特点,采用浸渍法将季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂用于羊毛织物的抗菌整理,探讨了芳香族季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂和脂肪链季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂对羊毛织物的抗菌整理工艺,讨论了不同季铵盐分子结构、整理液pH值、季铵盐用量、整理温度和整理时间对羊毛织物上季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂吸附率的影响,并确定了较佳的抗菌整理参数.实验结果表明:经过整理的羊毛织物其抑菌率均达到90%以上,水洗15次后抑菌率仍可达到80%以上,具有良好的耐久性.     

无机抗菌织物的研究进展

为深入了解无机抗菌剂的优缺点,制备性能更加优异的抗菌织物,对国内外相关研究进展进行了综述。分析了金属型和光催化型无机抗菌剂的抗菌机制,介绍了银系、铜系、锌系以及复合型的无机抗菌剂在纺织品领域的研究进展。指出：与其他类型的抗菌剂相比,无机抗菌剂具有广谱性强、不易使细菌产生耐药性等优点,但是在实际应用中也存在着一些问题,如银系抗菌剂价格昂贵;铜系抗菌剂颜色较深;锌系抗菌剂抗菌效果较弱等,通过与其他抗菌剂进行复合可以制备性能优异的复合抗菌织物,未来的研究方向应该是开发具有功能复合化、智能化、舒适性好等特性的多功能抗菌织物。     

Using Photocatalyst Metal Oxides as Antimicrobial Surface Coatings to Ensure Food Safety—Opportunities and Challenges

Cross‐contamination of foods with pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites may occur at any point in the farm to fork continuum. Food contact and nonfood contact surfaces are the most frequent source of microbial cross‐contamination. In the wake of new and emerging food safety challenges, including antibiotic‐resistant human pathogens, conventional sanitation and disinfection practices may not be sufficient to ensure safe food processing, proper preparation, and also not be environmentally friendly. Nanotechnology‐enabled novel food safety interventions have a great potential to mitigate the risk of microbial cross‐contamination in the food chain. Especially engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are increasingly finding novel applications as antimicrobial agents. Among various ENPs, photocatalyst metal oxides have shown great promise as effective nontargeted disinfectants over a wide range of microorganisms. The present review provides an overview of antimicrobial properties of various photocatalyst metal oxides and their potential applications as surface coatings. Further, this review discusses the most common approaches to developing antimicrobial coatings, methods to characterize, test, and evaluate antimicrobial efficacy as well as the physical stability of the coatings. Finally, regulations and challenges concerning the use of these novel photocatalytic antimicrobial coatings are also discussed.     

气相法白炭黑季铵盐衍生物的皮革防霉和抗细菌作用

以气相法白炭黑(FS)、偶联剂和叔胺为原料,合成了3种气相法白炭黑季铵盐衍生物(DQAFS),并用红外光谱对其结构进行了表征。防霉抗菌试验表明:用悬菌定量法,3种DQAFS对大肠杆菌(8099)和金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC6538)的15min抑菌率都达到99.99%,而对采自蓝湿革的混合霉菌的抑制效果则有很大区别,定性试验结果表明,有的是完全抑制,有的几乎无作用。     

织物抗菌整理研究进展

回顾了近年来织物抗菌整理的研究进展,包括新型抗菌剂,如壳聚糖及其衍生物、耐久性季铵盐化合物(QAS)聚合体、PHMB抗菌剂、可再生卤胺抗菌剂等;新型抗菌整理方法则介绍了纳米颗粒聚硅氧烷交联抗菌整理和溶胶-凝胶法抗菌整理等一系列前沿研究的进展和存在的问题。     

Zinc oxide sol-containing diallylmethyl alkyl quaternary ammonium salt synthesized by sol–gel process: characterization and properties

Zinc oxide sols-containing quaternary ammonium bromide compounds, including diallylmethyl dodecyl/tetradecyl/hexadecyl/octadecyl ammonium bromide, were synthesized from zinc acetate and quaternary ammonium bromide compounds via sol–gel process. Effects of alkyl chain length and double allyl of quaternary ammonium salts on the stability of the sols were investigated. The sols were characterized by X-ray diffraction. Morphologies of the sols were observed with transmission electron microscopy. The various zinc oxide sols were applied to cotton fabrics. Antibacterial activity, UV resistance, and mechanical properties of the treated fabrics were tested. It was verified that alkyl chain length and double allyl of quaternary ammonium salts had effects on the stability of the sols. Application results showed that UV resistance and antibacterial rate of the fabric finished by zinc oxide sols-containing quaternary ammonium salts first increased and then decreased with an increase in the alkyl chain length of quaternary ammonium salts. However, the sols had negative effects on breaking strength and elongation at break of the fabric.     

Substantivity of sunscreens—preparation and evaluation of some quaternary ammonium benzophenone derivatives

In continuation of previous studies on keratin-substantive sunscreens, two series of quaternary ammonium compounds, derived from 2,4-dihydroxy and from 4-hydroxybenzophenone and containing O-alkyl and N-alkyl chains of different length were prepared and submitted to substantivity tests on wool, to microbiological tests on two bacterial and two fungal species, and to tests for allergenicity/irritation on human skin. All compounds were rapidly adsorbed by wool in aqueous solution: as expected, the maximum amounts adsorbed at equilibrium (S_max), indicative of the skin substantivity, were greatest for the C12 N-alkyl derivatives, and showed a progressive decrease with increasing length of the N-alkyl substituent. No substantial substantivity differences were detected in four C12 quaternary derivatives, differing by the presence (or absence) of a 2-OH group in the benzophenone moiety and by the length of the O-alkyl ( n = 2 or 3) side chain. When tested for antimicrobial activity, however, only the 4-hydroxybenzophenone C12 quaternary derivatives showed an order of activity comparable with that of two reference compounds. The conditions leading to a maximal antibacterial activity in the present compounds appeared to be the absence of the 2-OH group, and a shorter O-alkyl side chain. None of the new quaternary derivatives showed skin-irritant properties. The results of this investigation, while confirming the peak substantivity of C12 quaternary derivatives, indicate the possibility of dissociating, in a quaternary ammonium sunscreen, the skin substantivity from other unwanted side-effects, and offer some guidelines for the development of safer agents of this type.     

Synthesis of quaternary ammonium bromides of 5-[4-(ω-dialkylaminoalkoxy)phenyl-methylene]-1, 3, 3-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo [2.2.2]octan-6-ones as potential UV sunscreens

Materials and methods for the synthesis of eight quaternary ammonium bromides of 5-[4-(ω-dialkylaminoalkoxy)phenylmethylene]-1,3,-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-6-ones are illustrated. They were routinely prepared starting from cineole aminoethers by reaction with primary alkyl bromides and their physico-chemical data are reported. These substances have been tested for UV filtering and/or microbiological activity. The substances have their UV absorption maxima at 315–322 nm. Tests on antimicrobial activity were performed using benzalkonium chloride as reference standard. All quaternary ammonium bromides were totally inactive against Escherichia coli (Gram —) and partially active on Staphylococcus aureus (Gram +). These preliminary findings seem to indicate that these new quaternary ammonium bromides could be considered as potential UV sunscreens.