水性高分散纳米TiO2的制备及其在棉织物上的应用研究

采用水热一步合成方法,得到了水性高分散的纳米TiO2乳液,并就制备过程中分散剂加入对纳米TiO2结构和性能的影响及纳米TiO2在纺织品上的应用进行了研究.结果表明:在制备纳米TiO2乳液的过程中,加入分散剂能明显改善纳米TiO2的分散稳定性;加入不同的分散剂对制得的纳米TiO2晶型、粒径和光催化性能等有一定的影响.经纳米TiO2处理后棉织物具有很强的光催化性能,降解甲醛的能力、抗菌和抗紫外性能均得到显著提高.     

纳米TiO2的分散及其在织物上整理工艺的研究

研究了几种常用分散剂及其复配分散剂对TiO2水悬浮液中纳米粉体的分散稳定性能，得出了高聚物大分子与小分子电解质复配的分散剂对纳米TiO2有较好的分散效果，并对复配分散剂的用量、悬浮液pH值、超声波振荡分散时间对悬浮液稳定性的影响作了研究．确定了试验的分散工艺，分散后的悬浮液静置1h后，分散体系的透过率为4.8％，比不加分散剂体系的透过率下降了51．5％．讨论了3种整理工艺整理织物上纳米TiO2粒子分布的均匀性和抗紫外性能，认为二浸二轧法具有较好的综合效果，既能达到均匀的整理效果，对织物损伤也较小．     

纳米技术在仿荷叶织物上的应用

以荷叶效应为基础,从荷叶微米结构的乳突和纳米结构2方面综合仿制织物:选用线密度为160 dtex/48 f的涤纶超细海岛型纤维仿乳突直径,以采用绉组织和织物中加入高收缩涤纶丝的方法仿乳突的高度;用纳米TiO2仿纳米结构,进行纳米粒子的分散性研究。确定复合分散剂为月桂酸钠和聚丙烯酸铵,当月桂酸钠与聚丙烯酸铵的质量比为1∶1,超声时间为10 min时,分散效果比较理想。最后对仿荷叶织物的各项性能进行测试。结果表明:织物拒水性能大幅提高,透湿、透气性可以满足基本服用要求,悬垂性和耐皱性都较好,但织物的光泽不佳。     

TiO2纳米棒复合织物的制备及其光催化和抗菌性能

为制备具有光催化和抗菌性能的功能织物,采用低温水热法,使用TiCl3为Ti源,在涤纶织物表面垂直生长TiO2纳米棒,制备了包覆有TiO2纳米棒的柔性有机织物.利用SEM、TEM、FTIR、XRD和XPS等对复合织物的结构和形貌进行表征和分析,并测试复合织物在紫外光下的光催化性能和可见光下的抗菌性能.结果表明:该复合织物...     

中性纳米TiO2水溶胶的制备及应用

以TiCl4为原料,采用共沉淀胶溶法合成纳米TiO2溶胶,并应用于纺织品功能整理.探讨改性剂对纳米TiO2结构和性能的影响,通过XRD和Zeta电位法对纳米TiO2的晶型和稳定性进行表征.结果表明,改性后纳米TiO2溶胶的pH值接近中性,分散稳定性好,光催化活性较高.经改性纳米TiO2溶胶整理后的织物具有优异的光催化活性,在60 min内对有机挥发物(丙酮)降解率可达63.33％;整理织物的抗紫外性能显著提高,经3％纳米TiO2溶胶整理织物的UPF指数从整理前的6.05增加到54.32,达到极好的防护等级.     

光催化自清洁整理剂制备及在涤棉织物上的应用

Tb掺杂的TiO2粉体材料,能有效增加纳米材料在紫外光区的吸收,提高光催化效率。以纳米Tb掺杂的TiO2复合粉体为原料,聚乙二醇为分散剂,对粉体进行有效分散,制得一种分散均匀、平均粒径约为50 nm的自清洁整理剂。通过正交试验,得出最佳分散工艺条件为:纳米TiO2粉体1 g/L、聚乙二醇分散剂1 g/L,pH 7.0,高剪切作用时间30 min,剪切机转速为5 000 r/min,超声波作用时间10 min。采用合适的整理工艺对涤棉织物进行功能性整理,并对整理试样滴上红色辣椒油,最后对含有辣椒油的织物的K/S值进行测试。结果表明,该纳米自清洁整理剂整理过的织物具备良好的可见光催化自清洁性能,相对织物质量整理剂质量分数在11%及以上的织物试样,在24~48 h内就可以将其上的辣椒油污完全分解,显示良好的光催化自清洁性能。     

纳米TiO2对改性棉织物耐久性整理工艺研究

正纳米TiO2粒子与织物的坚牢结合是纳米功能纺织品开发和应用的关键技术。利用硅烷偶联剂对棉织物进行改性预处理,并用轧-烘-焙及轧-烘-高压汽蒸二种工艺将纳米TiO2处理到改性棉织物上,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、织物的抗紫外线及光催化性能的变化对经处理的棉织物表面结构及性能进行表征和研究。结果表明:采用轧-烘-高压汽蒸工艺有利于纳米TiO2在棉织物上的坚牢结合,并有较明显耐久性;当硅烷偶联剂用量为2.5g/L时,所改性的棉织物经纳米TiO2处理后的耐洗性最好。同时在20次洗涤后,织物的抗紫外线性能略有下降,光催化性能和处理后的织物机械性能几乎无变化,而织物白度却得到了提高。     

两种纳米TiO2体系对涤纶耐日晒性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶和表面改性方法制备了两种纳米二氧化钛体系,分别对两体系整理后染色涤纶织物的表面形貌、耐日晒性能和色差进行了研究。实验表明,经两种纳米体系整理后TiO2颗粒在涤纶纤维表面分布状态略不同,但织物能获得同等耐日晒性能。纳米表面改性TiO2体系受焙烘温度的影响较小,且其整理后织物色泽变化很小。实际应用中,纳米表面改性TiO2体系能够替代纳米TiO2溶胶。     

磁控溅射法制备纳米TiO2抗菌纺织品及其性能研究

为制得抗菌性能持久的功能性纺织品。用直流反应磁控溅射法在纯PET织物表面沉积纳米TiO2薄膜。用SEM对织物表面进行形貌观察。结果表明：在织物表面。均匀分布着一层平均粒径为30～50nm的纳米TiO2薄膜。经一定次数的水洗试验。结果表明：纳米粒子与纤维材料具有较好的结合性。对织物的抗菌性及主要服用性能进行测试。结果表明：磁控溅射纳米TiO2织物具有较好的抗菌性能。且抗菌持久性较好。对织物透气性、输水性等服用性能影响极小。     

涤棉织物涂料染色与纳米材料抗紫外同浴处理

将无机纳米粉末（ZnO／TiO2）、涂料、粘合剂、分散剂和其它整理剂采用特殊的分散方法配制成稳定的工作液，然后进行轧、烘、焙，使织物同时达到染色和防紫外线整理的目的，以适合多种纤维织物的染整加工。对同浴染色、整理的织物进行折皱回复角、刚柔性、透气性和撕破强力等物理性能测定。结果表明，对织物服用性能没有很大的影响，但大大提高了织物防紫外线性能。     

Synergistic bactericidal activity of Ag-TiO₂ nanoparticles in both light and dark conditions

High-throughput screening was employed to evaluate bactericidal activities of hybrid Ag-TiO? nanoparticles comprising variations in TiO? crystalline phase, Ag content, and synthesis method. Hybrid Ag-TiO? nanoparticles were prepared by either wet-impregnation or UV photo deposition onto both Degussa P25 and DuPont R902 TiO? nanoparticles. The presence of Ag was confirmed by ICP, TEM, and XRD analysis. The size of Ag nanoparticles formed on anatase/rutile P25 TiO? nanoparticles was smaller than those formed on pure rutile R902. When activated by UV light, all hybrid Ag-TiO? nanoparticles exhibited stronger bactericidal activity than UV alone, Ag/UV, or UV/TiO?. For experiments conducted in the dark, bactericidal activity of Ag-TiO? nanoparticles was greater than either bare TiO? (inert) or pure Ag nanoparticles, suggesting that the hybrid materials produced a synergistic antibacterial effect unrelated to photoactivity. Moreover, less Ag(+) dissolved from Ag-TiO? nanoparticles than from Ag nanoparticles, indicating the antibacterial activities of Ag-TiO? was not only caused by releasing of toxic metal ions. It is clear that nanotechnology can produce more effective bactericides; however, the challenge remains to identify practical ways to take advantage of these exciting new material properties.     

Pd修饰TiO2光催化材料在棉织物中的应用

为提高棉织物表面TiO2的光催化效果,以棉针织物为载体,纳米羟基磷灰石（HAP）为保护剂,纳米TiO2为光催化剂,实践Pd对光催化剂的表面改性,制备具有光催化功能的纺织装饰材料。并采用扫描电镜、气相色谱等测试手段,对整理剂在织物表面的沉积状况、织物对甲醛的催化降解效率等进行测试和分析。结果表明：经过Pd表面改性后,织物表面TiO2的光催化效果得到明显的改善,较改性前提高了49%,并具有很好的紫外防护效果;纳米HAP整理对织物表面光催化剂具有一定的吸附效果。     

Mg(OH)2阻燃棉织物的制备及阻燃性能

以MgCl2为原料制备Mg(OH)2晶种,采用二次生长法得到Mg(OH)2阻燃棉织物[Mg(OH)2负载棉织物]。通过X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜对阻燃棉织物的结构形貌进行表征,结果表明:Mg(OH)2为六方结构,均匀地附着在棉织物表面;热稳定性能、阻燃性能和耐水洗性能研究结果表明:Mg(OH)2负载棉织物具有良好的阻燃和耐水洗性能,火焰移开后无明火燃烧,阴燃时间仅为2 s,燃烧部分成炭并基本保持了原有形貌。Mg(OH)2负载棉织物具有良好的阻燃性能主要归因于Mg(OH)2分解后产生水和MgO可吸收热量,并避免直接燃烧棉织物。     

水洗过程对织物性能和外观的影响

研究了水处理对织物外观和部分织物性能的影响。织物选用由两种不同线密度的纱线(分别为29.5tex和19.7tex)制备的20块平纹棉针织物,水处理(0、5、15和25次水洗)之后,测试对织物舒适度和美学性能有重要影响的一些织物性能(即织物厚度、透气性、抗起毛起球和耐磨牢度)的变化。结果表明,5次水洗过程对所测织物的厚度、透气性和磨损性的影响最大。     

织物负载S-N共掺杂TiO2薄膜的光催化降解活性染料研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备S-N共掺杂改性纳米TiO2溶胶,通过浸溃工艺对棉织物进行整理,制备出织物负载S-N共掺杂TiO2薄膜.探讨了在日光灯照射下,其对活性红MS模拟活性染料废水的光催化活性.结果表明,在日光灯照射下,织物负载S-N共掺杂TiO2薄膜的光催化降解率大大高于织物负载TiO2薄膜的降解率;对活性红MS的光催化降解效果随染液中氯化钠浓度的升高而降低,随碳酸钠浓度的升高而提高.     

SiO2气凝胶/芳纶非织造布复合织物的防护功能

为研究SiO₂气凝胶对芳纶非织造布抗压、阻燃防护功能的影响,以芳纶非织造布为骨架材料,将SiO₂气凝胶施加到芳纶非织造布表面,制备出SiO₂气凝胶混杂芳纶非织造布防护材料。通过扫描电子显微镜对其结构形貌进行表征,借助万能材料试验机对其抗压性能进行分析,最后利用热常数分析仪和火焰手系统,测试并评估了制备的防护材料的阻燃隔热性能。结果表明:SiO₂气凝胶以不同大小的块状、颗粒状填充进入芳纶非织造布纤维间的空隙;SiO₂气凝胶可增强芳纶非织造布的抗压性能,且降低其导热系数;混杂SiO₂气凝胶后芳纶非织造布总的吸收能量值降低,说明SiO₂气凝胶可明显增强芳纶非织造布的热防护效果。     

棉织物纳米TiO_2抗紫外线整理

针对纺织品整理时直接使用纳米粒子存在易团聚、分散较困难的问题,采用溶胶凝胶法制备纳米TiO2溶胶,再将其制成织物整理剂。用整理剂对棉织物进行整理(浸轧法),用XRD、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线能谱仪对制得的TiO2及整理前后的织物进行表征,并测试整理后织物的抗紫外线性能及其他服用性能。结果表明:制得的TiO2为锐钛矿晶型;整理后的棉织物具有优异的抗UV性能;UPF值达到50+级别。标准水洗(皂洗)实验结果显示,50次洗涤后织物的UPF值稍有下降,但仍可保持在50+水平。整理后棉织物的断裂强力没有下降,透气性基本不受影响。     

Superhydrophobic and ultraviolet protective nylon fabrics by modified nano silica coating

Superhydrophobic and UV protective textiles are of growing interest from the last few decades. In this study, silica nanoparticles (SiO₂) were synthesized by the sol-gel method. The synthesized silica nanoparticles were applied on nylon knitted fabric by pad-dry-cure technique. The silica nanoparticles coating on fabric was modified by in situ deposition of zinc oxide (ZnO) followed by hydrophobic modification using sodium stearate (SS). The fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X ray diffractometry, and scanning electron microscopy. The hydrophobic properties of the fabric were assessed by water contact angle measurement and ultraviolet protection properties of fabric were assessed by Australian/New Zealand Standard (AS/NZS 4399:1996). Modified fabric showed superhydrophobicity with water contact angle of 151°. The fabric also showed excellent ultraviolet protection with ultraviolet protection factor of 279.68. The fabric exhibited retention of hydrophobic and UV protection properties up to 10 washing cycles.     

Modification of cotton fabric for textile dyeing: industrial mercerization versus gamma irradiation

The current research is intended to investigate the effect of gamma radiation on the cotton fabric and compare the dyeability of gamma irradiated fabric with that of chemically mercerized fabric using reactive dye, Reactive Violet H3R. The gray cotton fabric samples were desized and bleached, before being mercerized or irradiated, followed by dyeing with reactive dye. The cotton fabric was exposed to variable absorbed doses of 2–10 kGy. The color strength values at various levels of temperature, pH, dyeing time, and salt concentration were evaluated using optimal conditions of mercerization and gamma-ray treatment. The comparison of color strength values for the mercerized and the gamma irradiated cotton fabric showed that the irradiated fabric had high color strength at 60 °C using dye bath of pH10 in the presence of 6 g/L of exhausting agent while dyeing for 40 min. Both mercerization and irradiation increased the surface area of fibers that substantially elevated the dyeing performance and fastness properties.     

Synthesis of reactive dye to impart mosquito repellency to nylon

Mosquito repellent textile materials are being increasingly in demand as a preventive measure to protect the consumers from mosquito-borne diseases like malaria, dengue, etc. Many of these agents are applied in post-colouration operation to the fabric. Although initially they show good repellency against mosquitoes, upon repeated washing cycles, this effect gets diminished considerably. In the present work, nylon fabric is imparted mosquito repellent finish in one, single operation of dyeing cum finishing. This approach is based on the modification of commonly used mosquito-repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and synthesizing a reactive dye based on this important ingredient. A reactive dye was synthesized in order to impart mosquito repellency to the nylon 6 fabric, DEET was first subjected to nitration using Potassium nitrate and dichloromethane (DCM). This nitrated product was reduced in the presence of water: ethanol (30:70) and the amine, thus, produced was then condensed with 2, 4, 6-trichloro-1, 3, 5-triazine (cyanuric chloride) a reactive group. The resultant product was finally reacted with an amino group present in 6-Amino-2-naphthalenesulphonic acid (Bronner’s acid) to obtain Sodium6-((4-(diethylcarbamoyl)-2-methylphenyl) amino)-1, 3, 5-triazin-2-yl) amino) naphthalene-2-sulfonate (reactive dye). This reactive dye was then applied on nylon 6 fabric by covalent bonding to provide mosquito-repellent material. The chemical structures of the dye were characterized using FTIR and ¹H-NMR spectroscopy. The melting point of the dye was characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry. The fastness properties of the dyed cum finished fabric were measured to evaluate the performance of the dye. Efficacy of mosquito repellency of the treated nylon 6 fabric was studied using standard methods. The nylon 6 fabric reacted with the mosquito-repellent dye and showed very good durable mosquito-repellent activity.