A new non-data-aided feedforward symbol timing estimator using twosamples per symbol

A new non-data-aided feedforward symbol timing estimator is proposed, which can apply to two samples per symbol. Numerical results show the proposed estimator is approximately unbiased. Computational complexity of the new estimator is even simpler than conventional estimators with two samples per symbol. Estimation accuracy of the new estimator is similar to that of the conventional estimator with four samples per symbol presented by Oerder and Meyr in 1988, which is the simplest among the estimators using four samples per symbol. While some conventional estimators have better estimation accuracy than the proposed, this estimator has an attractive advantage over the formers from an implementation point of view     

Feedforward symbol timing recovery technique using two samples per symbol

In this paper, a new feedforward symbol timing recovery technique using timing estimation followed by interpolation is presented for digital receivers with two samples/symbol or higher sampling rate. A few timing estimation algorithms are proposed to estimate the timing offset accurately. The basic algorithm uses only the in-phase (I) or quadrature (Q) signal for timing detection, which applies to a BPSK communication system. It is shown that the basic algorithm, when applied in quadrature modulation systems where both I and Q signals are available, can be modified slightly to yield an improved estimation precision. The mean and variance of the resulting timing estimate are analyzed and simulated, supporting a satisfactory estimation performance. It is also shown that by applying a postprocessing scheme, such as the Kalman filter, the variance can be further reduced, resulting in a smoothed timing estimate. Some of the issues concerning the implementation of the proposed technique are also addressed.     

Low-complexity feedforward symbol timing estimator using conditional maximum-likelihood principle

A low complexity feedforward symbol-timing estimator based on the conditional maximum-likelihood principle is proposed. An approximation is applied to the Fourier series expansion of the conditional maximum-likelihood function such that implementation complexity is greatly reduced. It is shown that the proposed estimator can be viewed as a generalization of the well-known square nonlinearity estimator proposed by Oerder and Meyr in 1988. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed estimator is very close to the conditional Cramer-Rao bound and is better than that of the square nonlinearity estimator.     

Unified analysis of a class of blind feedforward symbol timing estimators employing second-order statistics

In this letter, all the previously proposed digital blind feedforward symbol timing estimators employing second-order statistics are casted into a unified framework. The finite sample mean-square error (MSE) expression for this class of estimators is established. Simulation results are also presented to corroborate the analytical results. It is found that the feedforward conditional maximum likelihood (CML) estimator and the square law nonlinearity (SLN) estimator with a properly designed prefilter perform the best and their performances coincide with the asymptotic conditional Cramer-Rao bound (CCRB), which is the performance lower bound for the class of estimators under consideration.     

一种用于调制识别的盲码元定时估计算法

针对通信信号调制识别中的同步分类问题提出一种盲码元定时估计算法,对于调制方式未知的信号,可以估计未知信号的定时同步,得到最佳采样点信息,实现数字信号的同步分类。仿真结果表明本文的算法对于各种信号具有良好的同步效果。     

一种改进的符号定时同步算法的研究

基于16进制的正交振中幅调制（Quadrature amplitude modulation,QAM)通信系统,参照Gardener算法提出了一种改进的插值结构,减小了插值过程中由于频谱混叠造成的系统误差,提高了滤波器的输出精度.并对定时误差检测方法进行了修正,使其能够实现四电平调制信号符号误差的检测,且硬件实现复杂度低.仿真与实际测试均表明该算法在较低信噪比及大符号偏差下有较高的稳健性与有效性.     

Tracking performance comparison of two feedforward ML-orientedcarrier-independent NDA symbol synchronizers

The authors deal with two types of feedforward carrier-independent non-decision-aided (NDA) symbol synchronizers for PAM, which are based upon the maximum-likelihood criterion. Their timing error variances are compared, for two important classes of signal constellations     

The performance of two symbol timing recovery algorithms for PSKdemodulators

A statistical analysis of a decision-directed symbol timing algorithm for phase shift keyed modems is presented. The timing detector uses only one sample per symbol period and is suitable for high speed modems which employ discrete-time synchronization methods. Expressions for the timing detector's mean value and variance, as a function of timing offset, are derived and compared to simulation results. The analysis includes the effects of decision errors which occur at low signal-to-noise ratios and eventually limit the useful operating range of the decision-directed methods. A modification is described so that the need for prior phase recovery is avoided. These algorithms are compared to a popular two-sample-per-symbol nondecision-directed timing detector. A method of examining the relative performance of the various algorithms is presented and results are given for a range of signal-to-noise ratios and channel bandwidths     

一种盲孔评估的新方法

随着HDI(High Density Interconnecting)印制电路板高阶化迅速发展,现今检测盲孔的方法已暴露出很多不足。本文将提出一种盲孔评估的简单方法。通过将盲孔背面抛磨,将铜盘与盲孔分离检测两个面的匹配情况达到检测盲孔缺陷的目的。通过与现今检测方法匹配使用,该方法解决了盲孔的失效分析中众多的争议。     

瑞利衰落信道下改进的OFDM符号定时算法

对相干OFDM系统中结合循环前缀和导频信息的传统符号定时同步算法进行了分析和研究,提出了一种改进的符号定时同步算法.此算法相对于传统算法由于更加有效的利用了观察样本信息,具有更大的定时同步范围.同时考虑时间偏移参数在若干OFDM符号区间内不变,给出了一种利用连续多个OFDM符号的算法,以提高定时同步的准确度.仿真验证了所提出算法在瑞利衰落信道下可以有效地改进传统算法的定时性能.     

基于最小二乘支持向量机的自适应盲均衡器

提出了一种普适性较强的基于最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)的自适应盲均衡器(ABSVME)。该方法根据信号的特征恢复思想,将LSSVM均衡器的输出进行过采样,构造具有时间去相关特性的代价函数,结合Kumar快速算法和静态迭代学习算法在线跟踪信道。通过仿真实验,并与传统恒模盲均衡器和最大似然序列估计均衡器进行比较,结果证明该方法具有优良的非线性均衡能力。     

An improved estimator for population proportion using inverse sampling

In this paper we have proposed a method for the determination of prefixed sample size (m) used in the estimation of population proportion proposed by Haldane (1) for specified permissible error with a given confidence coefficient and an improved estimator for population proportion using inverse sampling scheme.     

An adaptive location estimator using tracking algorithms for indoor WLANs

This paper presents adaptive algorithms for estimating the location of a mobile terminal (MT) based on radio propagation modeling (RPM), Kalman filtering (KF), and radio-frequency identification (RFID) assisting for indoor wireless local area networks (WLANs). The location of the MT of the extended KF positioning algorithm is extracted from the constant-speed trajectory and the radio propagation model. The observation information of the KF tracker is extracted from the empirical and RPM positioning methods. Specifically, a sensor-assisted method employs an RFID system to adapt the sequential selection cluster algorithm. As compared with the empirical method, not only can the RPM algorithm reduce the number of training data points and perform on-line calibration in the signal space, but the RPM and KF algorithms can alleviate the problem of aliasing. In addition, the KF tracker with the RFID-assisted scheme can calibrate the location estimation and improve the corner effect. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed location-tracking algorithm using KF with the RFID-assisted scheme can achieve a high degree of location accuracy (i.e., more than 90% of the estimated positions have error distances of less than 2.1 m).     

An analytical derivation for second-order blind separation of two signals

In this paper, we propose analytical formulas that involve second-order statistics for separating two signals. The method utilizes source decorrelation and correlation function diversity. In particular, the proposed SOBAS (second-order blind analytical separation) algorithm differs from the ASOBI (analytical second-order blind identification) algorithm in that it does not require prior knowledge or estimation of the noise variance. Computer simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

An approximate maximum likelihood estimator for SNR jointly using pilot and data symbols

A novel maximum likelihood-based estimator for signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is derived. Previous SNR estimators are mainly based on using either the pilot symbols or the data symbols. However, in a practical communication system, a frame usually consists of both pilot and data symbols. In this work, a new SNR estimator that uses all available symbols (pilot and data) in a frame is developed for binary phase shift keying signals. The performance of this estimator is examined. Numerical results are presented to show the potential improvement obtained by using this new estimator.     

An adaptive two phase blind image deconvolution algorithm for an iterative regularization model

This paper proposes a blind image deconvolution method which consists of two sequential phases, i.e., blur kernel estimation and image restoration. In the first phase, we adopt the L₀-norm of image gradients and total variation (TV) to regularize the latent image and blur kernel, respectively. Then we design an alternating optimization algorithm which jointly incorporates the estimation of intermediately restored image, blur kernel and regularization parameters into account. In the second phase, we propose to take the mixture of L₀-norm of image gradients and TV to regularize the latent image, and design an efficient non-blind deconvolution algorithm to achieve the restored image. Experimental results on both a benchmark image dataset and real-world blurred images show that the proposed method can effectively restore image details while suppress noise and ringing artifacts, the result is of high quality which is competitive with some state of the art methods.     

Improvement of delay spread immunity by using symbol timing synchronisation based on maximum likelihood estimation for 16 QAM/TDMA diversity receivers

Symbol timing synchronisation (STSYNC) based on maximum likelihood estimation and a receiver configuration in which each branch independently estimates optimum STSYNC timing are proposed to improve delay spread immunity for I6 QAM/TDMA diversity receivers. Computer simulation confirms that the proposed STSYNC and receiver configuration can improve delay spread immunity by approximately 30%.<>     

An alternative degradation reliability modeling approach using maximum likelihood estimation

An alternative degradation reliability modeling approach is presented in this paper. This approach extends the graphical approach used by several authors by considering the natural ordering of performance degradation data using a truncated Weibull distribution. Maximum Likelihood Estimation is used to provide a one-step method to estimate the model's parameters. A closed form expression of the likelihood function is derived for a two-parameter truncated Weibull distribution with time-independent shape parameter. A semi-numerical method is presented for the truncated Weibull distribution with a time-dependent shape parameter. Numerical studies of generated data suggest that the proposed approach provides reasonable estimates even for small sample sizes. The analysis of fatigue data shows that the proposed approach yields a good match of the crack length mean value curve obtained using the path curve approach and better results than those obtained using the graphical approach.