基于环境感知的多路径路由算法

认知网络能够提高网络端到端的性能,确保服务质量(QoS)要求。而目前普遍使用的路由算法不具备网络认知能力。针对这一问题,提出一种具有认知能力的负载均衡多路径路由算法,该算法结合了Q学习算法和蚁群算法各自的优点,通过蚁群算法完成路径的建立和维护,Q学习算法实现拥塞规避和负载均衡。使用OPNET仿真比较,表明该算法在时延、带宽利用方面均具有较好的性能。     

基于逐跳链接的AODV本地路径修复研究

移动Ad Hoc网络作为一种无线对等自组织网络,具有组网容易、节点可自主移动等特点。无线网络本身的特点以及移动Ad Hoc网络中网络拓扑的动态变化特性使得引起网络故障的原因更加多样,使得保证网络服务质量更加困难。文中针对网络断链问题,基于AODV协议路径修复算法进行研究,提出一种在断点处向下游二跳节点逐跳发起链接请求的路径修复方案。仿真结果表明,改进后的算法能有效减少端到端的平均时延,提高分组投递率,从而达到较稳定的网络服务质量。     

Network coding based reliable disjoint and braided multipath routing for sensor networks

This paper presents network coding based reliable disjoint and braided multipath routing (NC-RMR ) for sensor networks, which forms multipath by hop-by-hop method and only maintains local path information of each node without establishing end-to-end paths. Neighbors of each local node are divided into groups according to their hops to sink nodes to improve the network load balancing. For further performance improvement of NC-RMR with disjoint multipath model, local nodes select their own backup nodes in neighbor nodes to form additional logical paths, which implement a braided multipath model. Security advantages of NC-RMR with multipath and network coding mechanisms are analyzed. Analytical and simulation results prove that braided multipath routing model has better performance over disjoint model, and NC-RMR protocol can reduce the required number of transmission paths, ensure load balance of sensor network system, reduce the energy consumption of nodes.     

智能电网中电力线通信网络负载均衡的机会路由协议

针对智能电网（SG）中电力线通信（PLC）网络中负载均衡的问题,提出了一个自适应机会路由协议——负载均衡的机会路由协议（LBORP）。在LBORP中,所有收到数据包的候选转发节点都有机会参与到数据包的转发中,不再局限于一条路由路径,避免了流量仅从一条链路经过导致的负载不均衡现象;而且候选转发节点的转发优先级不仅考虑到转发节点到目的节点的距离,还考虑到了PLC链路的不稳定性以及流量的变化。除此之外,在LBORP中采用一种隐式确认方案,进一步减少协议的端到端时延。在仿真实验中,与基于有序树的PLC路由协议（PLC-TR）和PLC机会路由协议（PLC-OR）相比,LBORP在时延上分别降低了19.7%和45.8%,在丢包率上分别降低了23.4%和32.5%。实验结果表明,LBORP能够实现网络的负载均衡,提升网络的可靠性并减小端到端时延。     

基于链路状态感知的无线Mesh网优化路由协议

在分析无线Mesh网路由协议所面临的挑战的基础上,结合无线Mesh网络的性能要求,以OLSR协议为原 型,采用跨层设计理论,提出了一种基于链路状态良好程度的路由协议工R-)工SR。该协议引入了认知无线网络中的 环境感知推理思想,通过对节点负载、链路投递率和链路可用性等信息进行感知,并以此为依据对链路质量进行推理, 将其作为路由选择的依据,实现对路由的优化选择,提高网络的吞吐量,达到负载均衡。仿真结果表明,工R-OI_SR能 够在很大程度上提高网络中分组的递交率,降低平均端到端时延,在一定程度上达到负载均衡。     

A Novel Gradient Boosted Energy Optimization Model (GBEOM) for MANET

Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is an infrastructure-less network that is comprised of a set of nodes that move randomly. In MANET, the overall performance is improved through multipath multicast routing to achieve the quality of service (quality of service). In this, different nodes are involved in the information data collection and transmission to the destination nodes in the network. The different nodes are combined and presented to achieve energy-efficient data transmission and classification of the nodes. The route identification and routing are established based on the data broadcast by the network nodes. In transmitting the data packet, evaluating the data delivery ratio is necessary to achieve optimal data transmission in the network. Furthermore, energy consumption and overhead are considered essential factors for the effective data transmission rate and better data delivery rate. In this paper, a Gradient-Based Energy Optimization model (GBEOM) for the route in MANET is proposed to achieve an improved data delivery rate. Initially, the Weighted Multi-objective Cluster-based Spider Monkey Load Balancing (WMC-SMLB) technique is utilized for obtaining energy efficiency and load balancing routing. The WMC algorithm is applied to perform an efficient node clustering process from the considered mobile nodes in MANET. Load balancing efficiency is improved with a higher data delivery ratio and minimum routing overhead based on the residual energy and bandwidth estimation. Next, the Gradient Boosted Multinomial ID3 Classification algorithm is applied to improve the performance of multipath multicast routing in MANET with minimal energy consumption and higher load balancing efficiency. The proposed GBEOM exhibits ∼4% improved performance in MANET routing.     

一个低开销的无线传感器网络多径路由协议

针对多对一的周期性数据收集应用,提出一个低开销的逐跳多径路由协议LOMP,综合利用定期和实时估计器评估链路质量,在此基础上实现高质量的多径路由。与现有的多径路由协议相比,LOMP并不提供端到端的节点独立的多径路由,而只是确保在报文的每一跳转发过程中都有多条路径可用。仿真结果表明LOMP能够提高选路质量,以较小的能量开销提高数据传输的可靠性。     

一种基于跨层负载感知和双向逐跳信息素更新的自组网蚂蚁算法

本文将跨层优化和蚂蚁优化方法结合起来解决自组网中的负载均衡问题,提出了一种基于跨层负载感知和双向逐跳更新信息素的蚂蚁优化路由协议（CLABHPU）.协议将整个路径中各节点MAC层的总平均估计时延和节点队列缓存的占用情况结合起来,共同作为路由选择和路由调整的重要依据,进行按需路由发现和维护;通过拥塞节点丢弃蚂蚁分组的方法减少了控制开销,增加了算法的可扩展性,较好地解决了自组网中现有基于蚂蚁算法的路由协议中普遍存在的拥塞问题和路由开销问题.同时,协议在路由发现阶段通过中间节点对信息素表进行双向和逐跳更新,提高了算法的收敛速度和对异常情况的反应速度.通过概率选路提供到目的节点的大量冗余路由,提高了算法的可靠性和顽存性.仿真结果表明,CLABHPU在分组成功递交率、路由开销以及端到端平均时延等方面具有优良性能,能很好地实现网络业务流负载均衡.     

基于自相似网络流的多维QoS路由策略研究

提出了一种依据网络自相似的特征,在扩展的Bellman-Ford算法的基础上构造了一种基于自相似网络流的QoS路由算法,该算法具有根据历史路由信息来指导路由的特点,避免了由于以往确定性路由算法的路由聚集性的不足。实验结果表明,该算法具有较好的性能指标,能自适应网络,使其负载均衡,同时具有较少的处理与协议开销。     

一种适用于Ad hoc网络的基于概率负载均衡算法

为解决移动自组织网络(MANET)中网络拥塞导致的网络时延增大和吞吐量下降, 提出一种基于概率的负载均衡算法, 节点利用历史负载信息映射网络负载状态, 用概率算法进行路由准入, 从而完成负载均衡。基于历史状态的负载映射有效解决了分布式独立运算中存在的负载状态判断困难等问题, 概率算法能有效克服门限准入法则存在的模糊判别问题, 同时大量减少广播包的洪泛, 节省信道资源。结合经典的按需路由协议, 设计了H&P_DSR(history and probability based dynamic source routing)协议。仿真和理论分析一致表明, 该负载均衡算法能够准确有效地对网络负载进行均衡, H&P_DSR协议在没有增加任何信道开销的情况下显著提高了网络吞吐量, 降低了时延。     

电力通信网络中负载均衡的路由协议

在电力通信网络中,负载均衡能够减少瓶颈节点的过载情况,有助于提升电力通信系统的可靠性和网络资源利用率。针对电力通信网络独特的结构与流量特征,提出一种确定性路由与机会路由相结合的负载均衡的路由协议。每个节点从以自己为中心的区域中选出候选节点集合负责转发数据包,候选节点依据局部的准确代价与远处的估计代价划分优先级并决定转发概率。与负载均衡优先的开放最短路径优先（LBA-OSPF）协议相比,节点平均负载降低了32.3%,端到端时延减少了50.3%。     

一种基于逢低买入的频谱分配机制

为解决移动自组织网络(MANET)中网络拥塞导致的网络时延增大和吞吐量下降, 提出一种基于概率的负载均衡算法, 节点利用历史负载信息映射网络负载状态, 用概率算法进行路由准入, 从而完成负载均衡。基于历史状态的负载映射有效解决了分布式独立运算中存在的负载状态判断困难等问题, 概率算法能有效克服门限准入法则存在的模糊判别问题, 同时大量减少广播包的洪泛, 节省信道资源。结合经典的按需路由协议, 设计了H&P_DSR(History and Probability Based Dynamic Source Routing)协议。仿真和理论分析一致表明, 该负载均衡算法能够准确有效的对网络负载进行均衡, H&P_DSR协议在没有增加任何信道开销的情况下显著提高了网络吞吐量, 降低了时延。     

一种无线传感器网络的混合路由算法

针对无线传感器网络具有严格的能量限制和有效能量的分散、过量的低比率数据和多节点到单一节点的数据流等特点,提出一种适合于无线传感器网络的混合路由算法(HRA).该算法综合应用以节点为中心路由方式的负载平衡算法、位置为中心路由方式的轨道路由和数据为中心的数据融合等,可改善无线传感器网络在路由、发现和查询方面等通信的性能.经性能分析,该算法能很好地增长网络生命期、减少数据传输量、降低能耗.     

LEO卫星网QoS遗传算法路由协议

为了满足多媒体应用的QoS要求,卫星路由协议应该更有效地利用网络资源,提供更好的QoS保障。为此提出了一个基于遗传算法的LEO卫星网络QoS路由协议,称为遗传卫星路由协议（GSRP）。改进了新的操作函数,如适应度函数、终止函数,以及变异率和路由表。仿真结果表明,GSRP能够实现较少CBP和HBP的可靠的点对点时延约束,以及比传统的算法更有效的负载平衡。     

多信道无线Mesh网络负载均衡路由算法研究

针对无线网状网的网络容量问题,在多信道无线网状网模型的基础上,利用线性规划公式对无线网状网的路由问题进行描述,在此基础上提出了一个负载均衡的路由算法,在对业务请求的路由跳步数进行约束的前提上,通过减少网络链路上的负载,达到提高网络的吞吐量的目的。仿真结果表明,提出的算法能显著提高网络性能。     

Ad Hoc网络中基于负载均衡的多径路由协议研究

Ad Hoc网络中的多径路由协议可以获得源节点和目的节点之间的多条路径,能够减小路由发现延迟,提高路由稳定性,受到了人们的广泛关注。详细分析了AOMDV多径路由协议的机制和特点,从负载均衡的角度仿真评估了AOMDV协议的性能,研究表明可以显著提高网络整体生存性。在此基础上提出了一种优化的负载均衡传输方案,能够减小TCP在多径传输时的乱序问题,仿真表明显著改善了TCP传输的吞吐量。     

无线传感器网络的能量均衡路由算法

针对大部分无线传感器网络路由协议只能实现局部能量均衡的问题,提出一种改进的能量均衡路由算法,把传感器网络构建成按最小跳数分层的网络,利用节点直接传输和逐跳转发相结合的混合传输策略,在多跳传输时,使用改进的基于多路径路由的最大能量路径算法。仿真结果表明,该算法能有效延长网络的生存时间。     

Random Walk Routing in WSNs with Regular Topologies

Topology is one of the most important characteristics for any type of networks because it represents the network's inherent properties and has great impact on the performance of the network. For wireless sensor networks (WSN), a well-deployed regular topology can help save more energy than what a random topology can do. WSNs with regular topologies can prolong network lifetime as studied in many previous work. However, little work has been done in developing effective routing algorithms for WSNs with regular topologies, except routing along a shortest path with the knowledge of global location information of sensor nodes. In this paper, a new routing protocol based on random walk is proposed. It does not require global location information. It also achieves load balancing property inherently for WSNs which is difficult to achieve by other routing protocols. In the scenarios where the message required to be sent to the base station is in comparatively small size with the inquiry message among neighboring nodes, it is proved that the random walk routing protocol can guarantee high probability of successful transmission from the source to the base station with the same amount of energy consumption as the shortest path routing. Since in many applications of WSNs, sensor nodes often send only beep-like small messages to the base station to report their status, our proposed random walk routing is thus a viable scheme and can work very efficiently especially in these application scenarios. The random walk routing provides load balancing in the WSN as mentioned, however, the nodes near to the base station are inevitably under heavier burden than those far away from the base station. Therefore, a density-aware deployment scheme is further proposed to guarantee that the heavy-load nodes do not affect the network lifetime even if their energy is exhausted. The main idea is deploying sensors with different densities according to their distance to the base station. It will be shown in this paper that incorporating the random walk routing protocol with the density-aware deployment scheme can effectively prolong the network lifetime.     

基于预留的动态机会路由算法

本文对无线Mesh网络机会路由进行研究。传统机会路由会导致网络链路负载不均衡、带宽利用率低等问题,而且在候选节点的选择、排序方面会给网络带来负担。针对以上问题,本文提出一种基于预留的动态机会路由算法（BRDOA）。转发节点通过学习候选节点状态提前设定局部节点集合,从而减轻选择候选节点给网络所带来的负担。实验结果表明,使用该算法能够有效地改善网络的吞吐量和时延等,对提高无线网络QoS有显著效果。     

基于负载均衡的DSR路由协议改进*

动态源路由DSR路由协议以最短路径优先为原则,但是没考虑负载均衡,产生拥塞区域、连接失败等不利结果.为减轻路由负载,提高协议性能,提出了一种基于负载均衡的DSR路由算法.在路由发现过程中节点根据自身负载情况决定接收或丢弃请求分组,从而避开负载过高节点;中间节点采用不应答路由请求分组策略;目的节点根据路径总负载选择合适的...