Low sensitivity second-order bandpass digital filter structure

A new low sensitivity second-order bandpass digital filter structure is presented. The proposed structure has the smallest absolute angle, sensitivity and a moderate radius sensitivity for the pole angle &thetas; in the range 0.38π ⩽ |&thetas;| ⩽ 0.44π and 0.56π ⩽ |&thetas;| ⩽ 0.62π and for the radius in the range 0.5 ⩽ r < 1     

Minimizing quantization effects in a practical second-order digital filter bank

The paper describes the solution to coefficient and product-quantization effects in a practical, real-time digital filter bank. The solution to the coefficient-quantization effects involves simple manipulation of the floating-point filter coefficients. A computer simulation of product-quantization errors enables the appropriate number of bits for the truncated products to be determined.     

Noise gain expressions for low noise second-order digital filter structures

The quantization noise of a fixed-point digital filter is commonly expressed in terms of its noise gain, i.e., the factor by which the noise power q/sup 2//12 of a single quantizer is amplified to the output of the filter. In this brief, first a closed-form expression for the optimal second-order noise gain in terms of the coefficients of the numerator and denominator polynomials of the transfer function is derived. It is then shown, by deriving a similar expression for its noise gain, that the second-order direct form structure has an arbitrarily larger noise gain the closer the filter poles are to the unit circle. The main result, however, is that the wave digital form and the normal form structures have noise gains which are only marginally larger than the minimum gain. For these forms, the expressions for their noise gain in terms of the transfer function are given as well. The importance of these forms lies in the fact that they use less multipliers than the optimal structure and that they are much easier to design: properly scaled forms are given requiring no design tools.     

Adaptive second-order Volterra delay filter

A new adaptive second-order Volterra delay filter is developed to include the linear and quadratic filter coefficients for system modelling and identification. The filter structure is very effective in modelling second-order Volterra systems with sparse system coefficients     

Universal filter using plus-type CCIIs

A universal second-order filter circuit with voltage gain using only plus-type current conveyors (CCIIs) is presented. The circuit offers several advantages, such as high input impedance, low filter sensitivities to passive elements, use of grounded capacitors and independent control of ω₀, Q and voltage gain with separate grounded resistors. The use of only one type (plus-type or minus-type) of CCII simplifies the configuration     

Universal digital portable radio communications

Providing voice and data communications to people away from their wireline telephones has become a major communication frontier. This frontier is being penetrated by evolving approaches to portable communications, e.g., cordless telephones, mobile radiotelephone, and radio paging. However, these approaches have many limitations; none can provide universal portable communications services. This paper discusses limitations of the evolving approaches and considers objectives and approaches for providing more universal digital portable communications as an integrated part of telephone exchange networks. These more universal communications could be accomplished by using demand-assigned radio links for the last thousand feet or so of telephone loops and sharing the remainder of the fixed distribution facilities. Fixed radio ports as integrated parts of telephone distribution networks could be placed throughout service regions. Efficient use of the radio spectrum could be insured by the planned reuse of radio frequencies throughout the regions. The severe multipath radio propagation environment within and around buildings that strongly influences the design of portable communications systems is described in the paper. System configurations and radio link techniques, that can provide reliable communications in the multipath environment, are discussed. Radio system calculations are illustrated for radio ports with 30-ft-high antennas in residential areas. The calculations indicate that radio link availability would be greater than 99 percent for 2000-ft port separations and 5-mW portable transmitters. Reuse of frequencies would require dividing the allocated frequency band into segments for use at adjacent ports. Calculations suggest that link availability in the cochannel interference environment would be greater than 99 percent, if 25 to 35 segments were used in residential areas.     

微流控低通二阶滤波器的特性研究

微流控滤波器对于交变流路选频,获得特定频率或稳定的交流流体输出具有重要作用。利用微流控等效电路理论设计了一个π型微流控二阶低通滤波器。该微流控滤波器由三段矩形微流道与两个微腔组成,通过改变微流道的深宽比和微腔的半径,分析了该滤波器的带宽特性。结果表明,随着微通道的深宽比减小,滤波器的截止频率按指数衰减;截止频率随着微腔半径的增加也呈指数下降。验证了微流控等效理论分析结果与流路仿真结果一致。     

Tunable/adaptive second-order IIR notch filter

A modified second-order infinite impulse response (IIR) notch filter with constrained poles and zeros is presented to eliminate or retrieve sinusoids embedded in a broadband signal. Such a filter is ideally suited to either parallel or cascaded implementation. Two classes of problems are considered. The first is where the sinusoidal frequencies are known a priori. For this case a straightforward design procedure based on a set of design characteristic graphs is used to select tunable notch filter parameters. An interesting property of the notch filter model is that it can be converted to a line enhancer by interchanging the position of the poles and zeros. The second type of problem arises when the sinusoidal frequencies are unknown and possibly varying with time. This means that an adaptive solution is required and an important consideration is the parameter estimation accuracy. For this purpose, the paper derives the Cramer–Rao lower bound for the adaptive cascaded notch filter using a frequency-domain approach. Some simulation results are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive notch filter.     

Universal filter using two current-feedback amplifiers

A new universal filter using two current-feedback amplifiers is presented. This filter can realise lowpass, bandpass, highpass, notch and allpass filters from the same configuration. It has the following features: orthogonal control of the natural frequency and quality factor by grounded resistors, easy conversion into a voltage-controlled filter, minimum active components, without match components except for allpass applications, low active and passive sensitivities, and cascadability. Experimental results that confirm the theoretical analyses are obtained     

Linear-phase digital anti-aliasing filter

A simple digital technique is described for prefiltering a signal to reduce aliasing errors in a subsequent main digital filtering operation. Unlike analogue prefilters, this new filter has a linear phase characteristic.     

基于二阶滤波器的高阶带通滤波器设计和仿真

根据n阶带通滤波器传递函数的特点和低通与高通级联的思想,给出了高阶RC有源带宽可调的带通滤波器的一般设计方法和VCVS结构电路的设计步骤,并成功设计出一款高性能的四阶有源带通滤波器,其电路简单,通频带宽,精度高,成本低廉.经Multisim10仿真测试,其性能完全达到了预期效果和设计要求.     

Quantisation effects in second-order wave digital filters

A novel quantisation strategy is found for the second-order wave digital filter proposed by Verkroost so that the filter possesses near-optimal noise performance and only exhibits very low amplitude limit cycles under constant input conditions.     

Robust scale-space filter using second-order partial differential equations

This paper describes a robust scale-space filter that adaptively changes the amount of flux according to the local topology of the neighborhood. In a manner similar to modeling heat or temperature flow in physics, the robust scale-space filter is derived by coupling Fick's law with a generalized continuity equation in which the source or sink is modeled via a specific heat capacity. The filter plays an essential part in two aspects. First, an evolution step size is adaptively scaled according to the local structure, enabling the proposed filter to be numerically stable. Second, the influence of outliers is reduced by adaptively compensating for the incoming flux. We show that classical diffusion methods represent special cases of the proposed filter. By analyzing the stability condition of the proposed filter, we also verify that its evolution step size in an explicit scheme is larger than that of the diffusion methods. The proposed filter also satisfies the maximum principle in the same manner as the diffusion. Our experimental results show that the proposed filter is less sensitive to the evolution step size, as well as more robust to various outliers, such as Gaussian noise, impulsive noise, or a combination of the two.     

多输出端电流模式全差分积分器实现二阶带通滤波器

提出了用多输出端电流模式全差分积分器(MCDI)实现二阶带通滤波器的方法。分析了输入级为PMOS管的MCDI及所提出的滤波器的特性，由该类型积分器所构成的滤波器，不仅具有较高的信噪比性能，而且能达到通过调节积分器的偏置电流值的大小能使得其所构成的带通滤波器的中心频率可在很宽的范围内调控的目的。应用台积电(TSMC)2层多晶硅、4层金属(2P4M)混合信号(mixed-mode signal)3．3V电源电压、0．35μ m、CMOS工艺参数仿真得到的带通滤波器的功耗仅为0．28mW左右，仿真结果表明滤波器设计正确、有效。     

基于新型CCCⅡ电流模式二阶带通滤波器设计

针对传统第二代电流传输器(CCⅡ)电压跟随不理想的问题,提出了新型第二代电流传输器(CCCⅡ)并通过采用新型第二代电流传输器(CCCⅡ)构成二阶电流模式带通滤波器,此滤波器只需使用2个电流传输器和2个电容即可完成设计。设计结构简单,其中心频率可由电流传输器的偏置电流控制。利用HSpice软件仿真分析并验证了理论设计的准确性和可行性。     

一种新颖的电流模式双二阶OTA-C滤波器设计

提出了一种新颖OTA-C实现的电流模式双二阶通用滤波器。该滤波器具有三个输入端和一个输出端,通过选择不同的输入信号即能实现低通、高通、带通、带阻和全通五种滤波器功能。电路结构简单、中心频率和品质因数可调,灵敏度低,均为0.5。理论分析和SPICE仿真表明所提电路方案正确可行。     

一种改进的二阶沃尔特拉滤波器LMS算法

本文给出了一种辨识二阶活尔特拉系统的新的LMS算法，数值模拟表明，这种算法比快速卡尔曼滤波器的计算时间短，收敛速度快。     

Universal voltage-mode filter using only plus-type DDCCs

Despite the extensive literature on current conveyor-based voltage-mode universal biquads with single input and multiple outputs, no filter circuit has been reported to simultaneously achieve all of the advantageous features: (i) employment of only two differential difference current conveyor (DDCC), (ii) employment only two grounded capacitors, (iii) employment only three resistors, (iv) simultaneously realize voltage-mode low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, notch and all-pass filter signals from the five output terminals, respectively, (v) orthogonal control of ω _o and Q, (vi) low input impedance and can be cascadable (vii) no need to employ inverting type input signals, and (viii) no need to impose component choice except realizing the all-pass filter signal.     

High-speed recursive digital filter realization

Pipeline techniques have been successfully applied to speeding up processing in both general- and special-purpose digital computers. Application of these techniques to nonrecursive (FIR) filters has been suggested and is quite straightforward. Application to recursive (IIR) filters has not previously been shown. In this paper, the technique for applying pipeline techniques to recursive filters is shown and the advantages and disadvantages of the technique are discussed. Using these techniques, recursive digital filters operating at hitherto impossibly high rates can be designed.The basic research for this idea was supported by the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616. The basic idea is the subject of a pending patent application. Subsequent research was supported by the U.S. Naval Electronic Systems Command.On leave from the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.