135MW循环流化床锅炉流动模型

针对135 MW循环流化床的特点,建立了密相区和稀相区的流动模型.并进行了宽筛分的处理.沿着床层轴线方向把稀相区均匀划分20个区段,沿着径向将每个区段划分为核心区和环形区,形成了连续的核心小室和环形小室,认为每个核心小室和环形小室内气固流动参数均匀,这样分别建立了每个核心小室和环形小室的流动模型.通过仿真计算表明,在布风板17 m以上,固体颗粒夹带流率沿炉膛高度呈缓慢下降的趋势;核心小室的空隙率较大,环型小室空隙率较小,在布风板9.8 m以上空隙率增大平缓;在密相区表面附近环型室厚度达到最大值,其后沿着炉高逐渐减少,在不到炉膛出口环型区就已经消失.所建的流动模型能够反映135 MW循环流化床锅炉的流动特性.     

基于CPFD法的循环流化床锅炉燃烧优化模拟

针对某循环流化床锅炉运行中存在返料系统与旋风分离器效果差等问题,采用CPFD数值模拟法讨论床料粒径大小和给煤偏置的设置对锅炉稳燃及旋风分离器失衡问题的影响.结果表明:颗粒粒径过大时炉膛内易结渣、流化效果不良且内循环不佳,无法形成良好的稀密相分布.同时煤粉粒径对炉内燃烧影响显著,因煤粉对床料颗粒夹带量不同,粒径越大的床料颗粒煤粉对其夹带能力越小,导致上部稀相区温度偏高.研究得出调整给煤设置参数是保证锅炉稳燃,同时解决左右旋风分离器不平衡的有效措施.其中最佳给煤偏置为左、中、右分别为1.93、2.93和3.93 kg/s.     

300 MW循环流化床锅炉气固流动特性的CPFD模拟

采用计算颗粒流体力学（CPFD）的方法对300 MW循环流化床锅炉内的气固两相流体动力学参数进行全床数值模拟研究,重点分析了循环流化床锅炉炉膛以及回料阀的气固流动特性,获得固相颗粒浓度和速度场在炉膛内的分布以及固体循环流量、系统压力平衡、回料阀的运行情况等锅炉关键参数。结果表明：颗粒浓度的轴向分布呈现明显的密相区和稀相区两部分,模拟得到的轴向压力分布与实际工况吻合较好,验证了CPFD方法模拟循环流化床锅炉的准确性;锅炉回料阀内压降最大,这与床料分布相符;回料阀返料室流化程度较高,而输运室流化程度较小,呈现鼓泡床状态,气泡大都贴壁逃逸。     

循环流化床锅炉稀相区辐射传热份额的计算方法

以某热电厂450t/h循环流化床锅炉运行实测数据为基础,在锅炉密相区和稀相区分别建立热平衡方程式,计算循环流化床锅炉密相区、稀相区内的传热系数,并提出了稀相区内以对流为主的对流-辐射模型,新的计算方法可直接计算循环流化床锅炉稀相区辐射传热在总的传热中占的比率。图5参7     

声发射设备测定循环流化床壁面物料返混高度

循环流化床基础和应用近几年来受到了越来越多的关注,针对流化床壁面颗粒团返混流动现象区分稀密相区的应用要求,利用声发射技术研究了不同流化风量和床料粒径下流化床同一位置和不同位置点的流动特性。首先:将声发射信号进行傅里叶小波包分解并分析特征能量尺度;其次:根据能量尺度确定流化床壁面流动状态,并且根据频率段能量特征确定流化效果,得到粒径颗粒完全混合程度下的最大"返混上升高度"为75~90cm之间,为循环流化床区分稀密相区提供一定的实验数据和理论支撑。     

大型循环流化床锅炉的轴向空隙率分布

基于电厂的实际运行数据 ,分析了 45 0t/h循环流化床锅炉的轴向空隙率分布 ,并根据空隙率分布对炉内的密相区和稀相区进行了重新划分。     

燃用宽筛分煤循环流化床锅炉燃烧模拟计算

建立了循环流化床锅炉炉膛颗粒燃烧和脱硫反应模型。该模型考虑了炉膛下部为高颗粒浓度的密相区和上部为低颗粒浓度稀相区的特征,模拟计算给出了烟气温度,热流密度和各气体成分（Ｏ２,Ｃ２Ｏ,ＣＯ,Ｈ２Ｏ和Ｓ２Ｏ）的轴向分布,模拟计算结果的趋势是合理的。     

半干法脱硫反应器内固体颗粒浓度分布的试验研究

在三维循环流化床脱硫反应器冷态模型上,研究了文丘里布风装置的循环流化床脱硫塔内气固两相流动中固体颗粒浓度的分布规律,以及不同操作参数:表观气速和颗粒循环流率对颗粒浓度在径向以及轴向分布的影响。试验中利用PV6D型光纤探针测量颗粒浓度,压力传感器测量反应器壁面压力。试验结果表明,在半干法循环流化床脱硫塔反应器中固体颗粒浓度的分布呈中间稀,边壁浓的趋势。截面平均颗粒浓度大体呈上稀下浓的分布。随表观气速的减小和颗粒循环速率的增大,颗粒浓度的径向分布不均性增大,截面平均颗粒浓度的轴向不均匀性增大。     

宽筛分颗粒对循环流化床锅炉传热的影响

文章基于循环流化床的传热特点,应用“分级筛分”和“分级循环倍率”的概念,分析了宽筛分不同粒径颗粒对传热的影响。分别针对密相区,稀相区以及对流受热面的传热进行探讨,对宽筛分循环流化床锅炉的设计和运行有参考价值。     

O_2/CO_2气氛下鼓泡流化床多粒径煤与生物质混燃模拟

针对6,kW·h鼓泡流化床燃烧室,建立了流化床内煤与生物质混燃燃烧综合计算模型.模型中主要应用基于双欧拉方法的多组分KTGF子模型描述炉内颗粒流动状态,将煤与生物质分为粒径、密度及拟温参量不同的两相进行模拟计算,详细分析了流化床内流场、温度场和燃烧特性.结果表明,流动过程中炉内煤颗粒与生物质颗粒发生轻微分离;生物质颗粒在密相区上部分布较多,煤颗粒在密相区下部分布较多;生物质颗粒在近壁面处分布多于煤颗粒;煤与生物质混燃工况炉内的温度略高于单燃煤工况;炉内温度场及炉膛出口烟气浓度数值模拟结果与实验值吻合较好.     

循环流化床传热系数的计算模型

本文在循环流化床流动模型的基础上建立了传热模型，流动模型根据实际运行情况考虑了颗粒的宽筛分，并把床层在轴向上分为密相床和稀相床两部分。在密相床内，传热按照鼓泡床传热微型进行计算；在稀相床内，传热模型建立在颗粒团更新的假设基础上，根据假设，床层由颗粒浓度很低的上升稀相和相对颗粒浓度较大的颗粒团两部分组成，两部分交替地与床壁面接触，床层和受热面间局部换热系数和颗粒浓度及两部分接触壁面的份额有关。模化结     

Wall-to-bed heat transfer in circulating fluidized beds

Heat Transfer from the wall of a circulating fluidized bed to the fast bed suspension has been investigated for several materials. The range of investigation includes dense and dilute phase fast fluidization and pneumatic transport. The overall heat transfer coefficient was found to be a function mainly of cross-sectional average suspension density. Effects of superficial velocity and solids mass flux were obscured by their interrelationship to the suspension density. Two models from the literature are evaluated using present and published data.     

Effect of dilute and dense phase operating conditions on bed-to-wall heat transfer mechanism in a circulating fluidized bed combustor

In the present paper investigations are conducted on bed-to-wall heat transfer to water-wall surfaces in the upper region of the riser column of a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustor under dilute and dense phase conditions. The bed-to-wall heat transfer depends on the contributions of particle convection, gas convection and radiation heat transfer components. The percentage contribution of each of these components depends on the operating conditions i.e., dilute and dense phase bed conditions and bed temperature. The variation in contribution with operating conditions is estimated using the cluster renewal mechanistic model. The present results contribute some fundamental information on the contributions of particle convection, gas convection and radiation contributions in bed-to-wall heat transfer under dilute and dense phase conditions with bed temperature. This leads to better understanding of heat transfer mechanism to water-wall surfaces in the upper region of the riser column under varying load conditions i.e., when the combustor is operated under dilute and dense phase situations. The results will further contribute to understanding of heat transfer mechanism and will aid in the efficient design of heat transfer surfaces in the CFB unit.     

循环流化床中颗粒内循环与循环流化床锅炉的设计

本文从循环床锅炉密相区的热平衡计算出发，探讨了密相区内受热面面积及密相区高度与飞灰循环倍率、密相区燃烧份额的关系，并以４种典型煤种为例，分析了煤种变化对密相区高度的影响。设计计算和运行经验相结合，在密相区热平衡分析中，引入了床内粒子循环的概念，从而对密相区内热平衡和受热面面积的确定有更深入的理解。     

Investigations of pressure fluctuation history records of gas–solid fluidized beds

A transducer pressure probe is devised to measure the pressure‐history curves up to a maximum frequency of 200 Hz. It is installed on the wall of a 153 mm² fluidized bed and is employed to establish the solids mixing and movement pattern of an air fluidized bed comprising of glass beads of 2093 μm average diameter. The pressure variations recorded with a speed of about 11 Hz for a period of 92 s are employed to compute several statistical functions and analysed to infer the quality of fluidization. For the range of fluidization number 1.05–1.48, it is inferred that in this bubbling regime, the solids near the bed wall region descend down while the air bubbles drift to the central region and rise up in the fluidized bed. This bulk macroscopic hydrodynamic picture of solids movement is in conformity with the conclusions of other co‐workers. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influence of Solids Circulation Flux on Coal Gasification Process in a Pressurized High-density Circulating Fluidized Bed

The coal gasification behaviors in the pressurized high-density circulating fluidized bed under various solids circulation fluxes were studied with the CFD method, which combines the two-fluid model and coal gasification reactions represented by the chemical percolation devolatilization and the MGAS models. The numerical method was validated with two experimental cases, and detailed distributions of gas species and temperature in the riser were illustrated to understand the gasification process. To fully understand the influence of solids circulation flux on the gasification behavior, a series of cases were simulated with the solids flux varying gradually from 260 to 1010 kg/m~2 s, and the composition and quality of syngas were compared between various cases. The higher heating value of syngas firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of solids flux, and it reached the highest value around 480 kg/m~2 s. The influence of solids flux on gasification process was further analyzed through the contours of temperature, solids concentration, and gas composition in the riser.     

A model of the dynamics of a fluidized bed combustor burning biomass

A dynamical model of an atmospheric, bubbling, fluidized bed combustor of biomass is presented. The model, based on one previously developed for the steady combustion of high-volatile solids, accounts for the fragmentation and attrition of fuel particles, the segregation and postcombustion of volatile matter above the bed, as well as thermal feedback from the splashing region to the bed. The model was used to assess how the dynamic behavior of the combustor varies with some of the operating parameters. To this end, a bifurcation analysis was first used to study the influence of selected parameters on the number and quality of steady state solutions. Moreover, direct integration of the governing equations provided a simulation of the dynamic behavior of the combustor after perturbing the parameters. Results of the bifurcation analysis indicated that extinction may take place through limit point bifurcations when varying the moisture content of the biomass and the flow rates of feed or air. Dynamic simulations showed that the bed temperature changes slowly when a stepwise change is imposed on one of the parameters. Either a new steady state or extinction eventually results, depending on the stepwise change. While relaxation of the bed temperature occurs rather slowly, the dynamics of the splashing region and of the freeboard are much faster, due to the shorter time-scales associated with homogeneous oxidation reactions. The relaxation time of the bed is determined by the heat capacity of the fluidized solids and by the fraction of the heat released recycling to the bed as thermal feedback.     

两相流动对流化床燃烧行为的影响

循环床锅炉沿床高的烟气浓度及燃烧份额分布测试结果证明,鼓泡流化床和循环流化床的重要差异表现为密相区燃烧行为的根本不同,由于床料平均粒径较低,循环床密相区的流动不同于鼓泡床,导致气固两相之间的传质阻力增加,从而影响燃烧反应,密相区的燃烧行为表现为欠氧。循环床锅炉沿床高乃至分离器都有燃烧反应发生,建立了考虑气固相间传质阻力的流化床密相区燃烧模型,并与实际循环流化床锅炉的测试数据比较,计算结果与测试值比较吻合。     

Modeling biomass gasification in circulating fluidized beds

Detailed review of existing models resulted in the development of a new mathematical model to study biomass gasification in a circulating fluidized bed. Hydrodynamics as well as chemical reaction kinetics were considered to predict the overall performance of a biomass gasification process. The fluidized bed was divided into two distinct sections: a) a dense region at the bottom of the bed where biomass undergoes mainly heterogeneous reactions and b) a dilute region at the top where most of homogeneous reactions occur in gas phase. Each section was divided into a number of small cells, over which mass and energy balances were applied. A number of homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions were considered in the model. Mass transfer resistance was considered negligible since the reactions were under kinetic control due to good gas–solid mixing. The model is capable of predicting the bed temperature distribution along the gasifier, the concentration and distribution of each species in the vertical direction of the bed, the composition and heating value of produced gas, the gasification efficiency, the overall carbon conversion and the produced gas production rate. The modeling and simulation results were in good agreement with published data.