2-丁炔-1,4-二苯合成工艺研究

以2-丁炔-1,4-二(对甲苯磺酸酯)为起始原料,在AlCl3催化下和苯发生傅-克烷基化反应,合成2-丁炔-1,4-二苯。考察了AlCl3和磺酸酯的物质的量比、溶剂种类和用量、反应时间、反应温度对产物收率的影响,确定适宜的反应条件如下:n(AlCl3)∶n(磺酸酯)∶n(苯)为2.6∶1∶2.8、反应时间为2h、反应温度为40℃,在此条件下,2-丁炔-1,4-二苯收率为60.1%。产物经元素分析、IR和1HNMR确证。     

对甲苯磺酸催化合成4-苯基-6-甲基-5-乙氧羰基-3，4-二氢嘧啶-2（H）-酮

研究了对甲苯磺酸催化合成4-苯基-6-甲基-5-乙氧羰基-3，4-二氢嘧啶-2（H）-酮，并得出最优工艺条件：对甲苯磺酸用量0．8g，反应温度70℃，反应时间50min，n（苯甲醛）：n（乙酰乙酸乙酯）：n（尿素0．0375moI）为1，0：1．2：1．5，此条件下产率为86．9％。     

(E)-2,3-二溴-2-丁烯-1,4-二醇的合成

在2-丁炔-1,4-二醇与溴的加成反应体系中,添加适量的溴化钠,不但可以有效地提高(E)-2,3-二溴-2-丁烯-1,4-二醇的收率,而且反应可以在室温下进行,避免了低温冷却,更有利于工业化的生产。     

1,4-二氯-2-丁炔的合成

不饱和二氯烷烃在有机合成中有着广泛的应用,通常由相应的不饱和醇制备。由2-丁炔-1,4-二醇可以很方便地得到1,4-二氯-2-丁炔,将2-丁炔-1,4-二醇(固体)的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶液滴加到二氯亚砜中,在冰水浴中反应生成1,4-二氯-2-丁炔,产率可达到87.4%。上述制备方法反应条件温和、操作和装置简单。     

1,4-二氯-2-丁炔的合成

1，4－二氯－2－丁炔是合成链状脂肪烃类化合物的中间体，按照3－氯－1－丙烯的合成方法，在吡啶的存在下，2－丁炔－1，4－二醇与PCl3作用合成，采用CH2C2溶剂稀释反应物浓度，反应温度低，产物和溶剂均比水重，分离效率高，加入少量的相转移催化剂HMPA，反应收率可达72％。     

N,N'-双(对甲苯磺酰基)-2-哌嗪羧酸甲酯的合成

由乙二胺和对甲苯磺酰氯反应制得N,N’-双(对甲苯磺酰基)乙二胺。此步最佳工艺条件为：n(对甲苯磺酰氯)：n(乙二胺)=2．2：1,反应溶剂为苯,反应温度为40～45C,反应时间为6h,收率80％。由丙烯酸甲酯和溴反应制得a,β-二溴丙酸甲酯,收率为88％。再由上述二种中间体反应合成标题化合物,此步省略了N,N’-双(对甲苯磺酰基)乙二胺的二钠盐制备．收率为73％。     

二元醇双琥珀酸双酯磺酸钠(GMI-02)的合成

采用1,4-丁二醇、马来酸酐、月桂醇为主要原料和环境友好的工艺路线,合成了一种易降解的双子(Gemini)表面活性剂--二元醇双琥珀酸双酯磺酸钠(GMI-02)。对各步合成条件采用正交实验进行优化,得出各步反应的优化工艺条件:酯化反应I,配比为n(1,4-丁二醇)∶n(马来酸酐)=1∶2.15,反应时间2h,催化剂w(乙酸钠)=1.0%,反应温度95℃,以丙酮作溶剂,回流操作;酯化反应Ⅱ,甲苯为溶剂,反应时间6h,反应温度145℃,催化剂w(对甲苯磺酸)=1.0%,n(1,4-丁二醇双马来酸单酯)∶n(月桂醇)=1∶2.20。磺化反应,石蜡加热,石蜡温度(加热温度)控制在115℃,时间为6h,原料配比为n(1,4-丁二醇双马来酸双酯)∶n(亚硫酸氢钠)=1∶2.50。对每步合成产物均用IR进行了表征。     

1,2-二（N-（4-硝基-邻苯二甲酰亚胺)）甲基碳硼烷的合成及其紫外吸收性质

以4-硝基邻苯二甲酰亚胺、1,4-二氯-2-丁炔和十硼烷为原料,通过取代反应和炔加成反应合成了1,2-二[N-(4-硝基-邻苯二甲酰亚胺)甲基]碳硼烷(4-NP CBR)。考察了反应溶剂、原料物质的量之比和反应温度对反应的影响,得到的优化条件为:甲苯为反应溶剂,n{1,4-二[N-(4-硝基-邻苯二甲酰亚胺)]-2-丁炔)}∶n(乙腈硼烷)=1.2∶1,100℃下加热反应16 h,在该条件下,1,2-二[N-(4-硝基-邻苯二甲酰亚胺)甲基]碳硼烷的产率为51.2%。产物通过FTIR、~1HNMR、~(13)CNMR和HR-MS进行结构表征,并测定了其紫外吸收性质。     

3，3-二甲基-4-戊烯酸-3′-甲基-2′-丁烯酯的回收与利用

针对目前工业上回收3，3-二甲基-4-戊烯酸-3′-甲基-2′-丁烯酯（MBDP）工艺复杂、异戊烯大量分解问题，研究了MBDP直接返回循环使用工艺，MBDP与甲醇、原乙酸三甲酯或与甲醇原乙酸三甲酯混合溶液进行酯交换反应的回收新工艺，比较了四异丙基钛酸酯、甲醇钠、氢氧化钾用作酯交换催化剂的效果，筛选出回收MBDP“一锅煮”最佳工艺：按照n（MBDP）：n（原乙酸三甲酯）：n（甲醇）：n（甲醇钠）=1．0：9．8：9．2：0．05物质的量比投料，74℃-78℃反应2lh，MBDP转化为贲亭酸甲酯和异戊烯醇，单程转化率87．7％，用85％的磷酸中和甲醇钠，蒸出甲醇，直接用于合成贲亭酸甲酯。     

2-甲基-3-丁炔-2-胺的合成工艺研究

以甲基丁炔醇为起始原料合成3-氯-3-甲基-1-丁炔,液氨氨解得到2-甲基-3-丁炔-2-胺,并对合成条件进行了优化,探索出适合工业化生产的2-甲基-3-丁炔-2-胺的合成方法,产物用IR和GC-MS进行表征。     

Palladium supported on filamentous active carbon as effective catalyst for liquid-phase hydrogenation of 2-butyne-1,4-diol to 2-butene-1,4-diol

Structured palladium catalysts suitable for three-phase reactions have been developed based on woven fabrics of active carbon fibres (ACF) as the catalytic supports. The Pd/ACF were tested in liquid-phase hydrogenation of 2-butyne-1,4-diol showing a selectivity towards 2-butene-1,4-diol up to 97% at conversions up to 80%. The catalyst multiple reuse with stable activity/selectivity in a batch reactor was also demonstrated. The reaction kinetics was studied and the main kinetic parameters were obtained. Assuming a Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics and a weak hydrogen adsorption a suitable kinetic model was developed consistent with the experimental data.     

The Hydrogenation of 2-butyne-1,4-diol over a Carbon-supported Palladium Catalyst

The hydrogenation of 2-butyne-1,4-diol in propan-2-ol over a carbon-supported palladium catalyst has been investigated in a batch reactor. At low conversions complete selectivity to cis-but-2-ene-1,4-diol is observed. However, further hydrogenation leads to a wide variety of products, most notably 2-isopropoxy-tetrahydrofuran and butane, neither of which have previously been associated with this reaction system. The former is thought to occur as a result of a surface-mediated process, involving the insertion of dissociatively adsorbed solvent molecules. Butane formation is attributed to the double condensation and hydrogenation of a chemisorbed cis-but-2-ene-1,4-diol intermediate. The alkane preferentially partitions in the gaseous phase, which results in an marked mass imbalance for the liquid phase. A reaction scheme is presented to rationalise these observations.     

Zinc electrowinning with 2-butyne-1,4-diol

The beneficial effect of 2-butyne-1,4-diol on zinc current efficiency in the presence of nickel impurity has been examined. Several techniques including HPLC, absorption spectrophotometry and constant current deposition experiments have shown that a trimer of 2-butyne-1,4-diol is responsible for the removal of Ni ions from the electrolyte, thus increasing the current efficiency of the zinc electrowinning process from sulphate solutions (60 g/L Zn + 200 g/L H₂SO₄) in the presence of Ni ions.     

酸性树脂催化1,4-丁烯二醇制备2,5-二氢呋喃

提出1,4-丁烯二醇在酸性条件下脱水关环制备2,5-二氢呋喃的反应机理。实验对照了磺酸基树脂D61、D72以及膦酸基树脂LSC-500的催化性能,在5小时的反应过程中,它们的催化活性均逐渐下降,其中D61活性最强,平均每克催化剂1小时转化2.96克1,4-丁烯二醇,D61和D72的收率逐渐下降,LSC-500的收率最高而且比较稳定,保持在80%以上。     

Cis–trans isomerization of olefinic alcohols promoted by Rh(I) complexes

Homogeneous hydrogenation and isomerization reaction of cis-2-butene-1,4-diol has been investigated in ethanol by using tris(triphenylphosphine)chlororhodium(I), RhCl(PPh₃)₃, and triethylamine at 303 K and 0.01–0.1 MPa partial hydrogen pressure. Under reduced H₂ pressure, the geometric isomerization reaction occurs, to a high extent, leading to trans-2-butene-1,4-diol up to 93% selectivity at 90% conversion of the cis analogous. Effects of H₂ partial pressure as well as triethylamine, added phosphine and olefin concentrations on the rate of reaction and on the products distribution were also investigated. The results obtained can be interpreted on the basis of a proposed mechanism in which RhH(PPh₃)₃ is the active species. The high selectivity towards cis-trans isomerization of cis-2-butene-1,4-diol is attributed to steric factors of the Rh(I) coordinated triphenylphosphine groups.     

Scaling-out selective hydrogenation reactions: From single capillary reactor to monolith

Selectivity and kinetic studies of the Pd-catalysed hydrogenation of 2-butyne-1,4-diol were performed in a single capillary channel, and monoliths consisting of 1256 capillaries and 5026 capillaries in (I) the pressure range 100-300 kPa (II) the temperature range 298-328 K using a 30% v/v 2-propanol/water solvent. All reactors were operated in downflow mode such that the reaction fluid was in Taylor flow. Transport calculations indicated that liquid-solid transport resistances were low (<5%) and energies of activation were found to be in the range 32-34 kJ mol⁻¹. While the reaction was first order in hydrogen concentration, the order with respect to 2-butyne-1,4-diol changed over the concentration range investigated. A model based upon a Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism was applied and found to predict reasonably well the experimental reaction rates. High selectivity values towards the 2-butene-1,4-diol were found in both the single- and multiple-capillary reactors, even at 100% conversion of the alkyne.     

两类聚酯吸氧材料的制备及性能

制备了1,4-丁烯二醇/顺丁烯二酸酐和端羟基聚丁二烯（HTPB）/顺丁烯二酸酐酯化物吸氧剂,讨论了反应时间及醇酐比对吸氧剂酯化率的影响,并且将1,4-丁烯二醇/顺酐、HTPB/顺酐吸氧剂接枝共聚到PET中得到改性吸氧材料。考察了两种吸氧材料的物理性能和吸氧性能,以及影响吸氧性能的双键保留率,催化剂用量、醇酐比。实验表明,顺酐与1,4-丁烯二醇、HTPB反应的最佳酯化时间分别为2 h和3 h,含1,4-丁烯二醇/顺酐和HTPB/顺酐的吸氧材料最大数均分子量分别为3.66万和4.97万,最大双键保留率分别为77.4%和76.3%,最大催化剂用量为1.0 g/kg,含1,4-丁烯二醇/顺酐和HTPB/顺酐的吸氧材料24 h最大吸氧量为3.17 mL/g和10.04mL/g。