低聚半乳糖对植物乳杆菌NMGL2发酵乳加工特性的影响

将不同添加量的低聚半乳糖(GOS)与植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)NMGL2混合培养,考察GOS对菌株NMGL2生长的影响,并将不同添加量的GOS(0、2%、4%、6%)应用于菌株NMGL2发酵乳中,研究其对发酵乳加工特性的影响。结果表明,GOS能促进菌株NMGL2的生长,并以4%(m/v)添加量的效果最佳;菌株NMGL2发酵乳加工过程中,GOS的添加促进了发酵前期菌株产酸速率,提升了发酵后期发酵乳弹性和黏性,但降低了其流动性;在发酵乳冷藏过程中,GOS延迟了发酵乳的后酸化速率,降低了冷藏期内活菌数下降速率,提高了发酵乳的持水力、硬度和体系稳定性。因此,GOS能够有效改善发酵乳加工特性,研究结果为功能性发酵乳的研发提供技术依据。     

植物乳杆菌YW11胞外多糖对酸乳加工特性的影响

研究植物乳杆菌YW11胞外多糖（exopolysaccharide,EPS）对酸乳发酵过程中菌株生长、产酸速率和微流变特性,以及产品质构和风味特性的影响,结果表明,不同添加量（0.05、0.15、0.25 mg/g）的EPS对发酵过程菌株（保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌）的生长和产酸速率无明显影响。添加EPS对发酵过程中样品的弹性指数（elasticity index,EI）、宏观黏度指数（microviscosity index,MVI）和流动性指数（fluidity index,FI）具有不同的影响,随着EPS添加量的增加,EI逐渐降低,MVI升高,而FI无明显变化。不同添加量的EPS均可提高酸乳的持水力,其中以EPS-0.25组样品的持水力最大,达57.93%;随着EPS添加量的增加,酸乳的硬度降低,最低值为10.08 g;黏力增加,最大值为9.57 g;而内聚性变化不大,在0.45～0.48之间。添加EPS使酸乳中蛋白交联结构增强,蛋白颗粒更小,网络结构中存在较大孔隙结构。添加适量的EPS能够促进酸乳风味物质如醛类、酸类和酯类等化合物的形成。本研究有助于进一步了解植物乳杆菌EPS对酸乳加工特性的影响,并基于EPS的应用提升酸乳品质。     

茶多酚对保加利亚乳杆菌生长的影响

本文通过测定脱脂乳培养基中保加利亚乳杆菌菌体数目变化及产酸能力变化,研究茶多酚对保加利亚乳杆菌生长的影响。结果表明,高含量茶多酚对保加利亚乳杆菌酸牛乳发酵具有明显的抑制作用,低含量茶多酚抑制作用较小。随着茶多酚浓度的增加,相同发酵时间的菌体数目先增大后减小,当茶多酚添加量为2.0g/L的时候,菌体数目最多;茶多酚浓度相同时,随发酵时间的进行,酸牛乳的酸度逐渐增大,到发酵后期酸度趋于稳定,当茶多酚添加量为2.0g/L时,最终酸度最大;发酵后期,菌体形态极不稳定,大量保加利亚乳杆菌衰亡。茶多酚添加量过多,保加利亚乳杆菌产酸能力下降。而且茶多酚的颜色影响酸牛乳的色泽。     

低聚半乳糖对植物乳杆菌发酵乳特性及抗蜡样芽孢杆菌活性的改善

为探究低聚半乳糖对植物乳杆菌发酵乳特性及抗菌活性的影响,本文采用单因素法考察影响发酵乳特性的主要因素,并以响应面法优化发酵乳最佳发酵条件;以产肠毒素蜡样芽孢杆菌HN001为指示菌,探究低聚半乳糖的添加对植物乳杆菌ZDY2013发酵乳抑菌活性的改善作用。结果表明:植物乳杆菌能有效利用低聚半乳糖进行体外代谢,并抑制蜡样芽孢杆菌生长;牛奶中添加适量低聚半乳糖能够增加植物乳杆菌发酵乳中的活菌数、降低发酵乳的pH,并提高其持水力;响应面分析发现低聚半乳糖发酵乳的最佳制备条件为:2.0%的植物乳杆菌接种量、1.0%的低聚半乳糖添加量、发酵时间为24 h及发酵温度为42 ℃;添加低聚半乳糖的发酵乳能有效控制产肠毒素蜡样芽孢杆菌浓度在106 CFU/mL以下。该研究结果为低聚半乳糖及植物乳杆菌ZDY2013在发酵乳中的应用奠定了理论基础。     

Lactobacillus casei HS4胞外多糖对发酵乳组织结构和流变特性的影响

研究干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus casei）HS4所产乳酸菌胞外多糖（exopolysaccharide,EPS）及其对发酵乳微观结构和流变性的影响。通过Sephadex G-50柱纯化得到两种类型的EPS,分别命名为HS4-1-EPS和HS4-2-EPS。HS4-1-EPS主要由葡萄糖组成,峰面积为0.940。HS4-2-EPS主要由葡萄糖和甘露糖组成,峰面积比为0.3830.364。红外光谱结果显示,HS4-1-EPS和HS4-2-EPS均为杂多糖。分别采用干酪乳杆菌HS4、嗜热链球菌-保加利亚乳杆菌（11）复合菌株以及复合菌株添加纯化EPS制成的不同发酵乳作为样品,通过测定流变特性及微观结构观察,研究补充纯化EPS和原位EPS对发酵乳流变特性及微观结构的影响。结果显示,其在4 ℃贮存期间显示出不同的流变特性及微观结构。基于扫描电镜下样品的微观结构,可以推知,EPS的类型和空间阻挡效应与发酵乳的流变性质相关。     

发酵酸菜来源乳酸菌的益生特性及其在发酵乳中的应用

通过pH值、胆盐耐受性实验从发酵酸菜中筛选性能优良的益生乳酸菌株,经16S rRNA序列分析鉴定得4 株植物乳杆菌A44、B51、B54、C53和2 株戊糖乳杆菌A16、B72。经疏水、黏附、自凝聚和溶血能力实验评价6 株乳酸菌的益生特性,其中植物乳杆菌A44对氯仿和二甲苯的疏水性均大于80%,对Caco-2细胞的黏附率为13.57%,放置5 h的自凝聚率超过60%,与其他菌株相比具有更好的益生特性且无溶血活性。因此选用植物乳杆菌A44进一步研究其在发酵乳中的功能特性,结果表明：植物乳杆菌A44作为辅助发酵剂添加后对4 ℃贮藏7 d期间发酵乳pH值、滴定酸度和持水性均无显著影响（P＞0.05）,但是可以显著提高发酵乳的活菌数和黏度（P＜0.05）,活菌数达到8.45（lg（CFU/mL））。本研究筛选得到的植物乳杆菌A44是一株性能优良的益生乳酸菌,具有作为发酵乳益生菌辅助发酵剂的潜在应用前景。     

产叶酸乳酸菌的筛选及对发酵乳的影响

为筛选出高产叶酸的乳酸菌并研究该乳酸菌对发酵乳的影响,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法从5种乳酸菌菌株:植物乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌的发酵液中检测叶酸含量,并通过检测复合发酵乳的pH、持水力、质构特性和感官特性来研究产叶酸的乳酸菌对发酵乳品质的影响。结果表明:植物乳杆菌产叶酸量最高,其次是嗜酸乳杆菌,分别为51.40和34.77 μg/mL。并且以基础菌发酵乳为对照组,添加产叶酸乳杆菌发酵乳为实验组,实验组与对照组相比,其质构特性和感官品质会提高,同时pH也显著下降(p<0.05)。本实验为开发功能性发酵乳提供了一定的理论依据。     

低聚乳果糖对益生性植物乳杆菌冰淇淋加工特性的影响

植物乳杆菌YW11是从西藏灵菇中分离筛选的具有良好益生特性的乳酸菌株.通过研究低聚乳果糖(lactosucrose,LS)对植物乳杆菌YW 11生长特性、产酸能力和抑菌作用,以及基于YW 11菌株发酵制作的冰淇淋的理化性质和益生菌活性的影响,结果表明:不同添加量的低聚乳果糖对YW 11菌株均有一定的增殖作用,对YW 1...     

植物乳杆菌P9接种量对凝固型发酵乳贮藏特性的影响

探究了添加不同接种量植物乳杆菌P9对凝固型发酵乳贮藏特性的影响.以商业基础发酵剂为对照组,分别添加1×105,1×106,1×107mL-1植物乳杆菌P9与基础发酵剂复配为实验组.结果表明,添加不同接种量的植物乳杆菌P9均可增加发酵乳硬度、稠度和内聚性,改善发酵乳质构,且贮藏期间pH值和滴定酸度无显著变化.当植物乳杆菌...     

发酵型核桃乳生产专用乳杆菌的选育

从发酵面包、白芥丝、泡菜、酸菜中分离到14株乳杆菌,经核桃乳发酵产酸特性初筛,确定菌株L5、L7、L8及L12适合核桃乳发酵。通过菌落形态、菌体形态和16S rRNA基因序列分析,确定4株菌分别为鼠李糖乳杆菌（Lactobacillus rhamnosus）、副干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus paracasei）、食窦魏斯氏菌（Weissella cibaria）干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus casei）。将上述菌株与实验室保存的嗜热链球菌SA进行核桃乳发酵实验,感官评分分别为78分、95分、83分和82分;4个发酵核桃乳中9种氨基酸含量均有不同程度提高,其中菌株L7发酵产品的氨基酸含量增幅最大,由0.67%增至1.60%。因此副干酪乳杆菌L7更适合发酵型核桃乳的生产。     

健康成人粪便中双歧杆菌的分离鉴定及其发酵乳体内特性研究

为筛选具有潜在益生功能的双歧杆菌,采用MRS培养基,结合菌落形态观察和16S rDNA基因序列同源性分析,从上海地区健康的成人粪便中分离鉴定双歧杆菌,通过7 L发酵罐发酵试验筛选优良菌株,并利用其制备发酵乳,对发酵乳的体内特性进行研究。结果表明,分离并鉴定到3株长双歧杆菌（Bifidobacterium longum）（编号为P-1、P-2和P-3）,其中菌株P-2制备的发酵乳在稳定期活菌数最高,遗传稳定性好,被确定为优良菌株,并被命名为DD98。菌株DD98制备的发酵乳能显著增加小鼠胃肠道内有益菌、减少有害菌的表达（P＜0.05）,具有调节肠道菌群的作用。此外,能维持小鼠正常的体质量、血常规指数,有利于小鼠脏器的生长。     

功能低聚糖对植物乳杆菌ZDY2013发酵乳发酵特性及冷藏效果的影响

为探究功能低聚糖对植物乳杆菌ZDY2013发酵乳的发酵特点和冷藏期功能的影响,选取具有益生元特性的低聚木糖、低聚异麦芽糖及其组合物为发酵乳中碳水化合物,评价发酵乳中植物乳杆菌发酵特性和pH值变化,同时对发酵乳的持水性及冷藏期抗氧化活性进行解析。结果表明：植物乳杆菌能利用不同浓度功能低聚糖进行代谢;相比葡萄糖,发酵乳中添加低聚糖更有利于植物乳杆菌的生长,尤其是其组合物浓度为3.0%时,能显著提高发酵乳中活菌数及降低发酵乳pH值;冷藏期（21 d）内,各组发酵乳活菌数呈下降趋势,但均高于108 cfu/g,pH值在7 d后比较稳定,而持水性不断增强;发酵乳DPPH自由基清除能力在第7 d最强,而ABTS+和羟自由基的清除能力呈下降趋势,且添加同浓度的组合物优于葡萄糖。该研究结果将为功能低聚糖及植物乳杆菌ZDY2013在乳品开发中的应用提供理论依据。     

1 株高效降胆固醇乳酸菌的功能与发酵特性

通过研究乳酸菌X3-2B降胆固醇功能特性以及在发酵香肠中的发酵特性,确定高效降胆固醇性能的肉制品发酵剂。结果表明：菌株X3-2B在培养温度为30 ℃、pH 5.5时胆固醇降解率最大,在MRS胆固醇筛选培养基中其胆固醇降解率最大且优于标准菌株植物乳杆菌（L. plantarum,LP）。并以菌株X3-2B为发酵剂做的发酵香肠其水分活度、pH值在相同天数时下降程度显著优于自然发酵组（P＜0.05）,色泽、乳酸菌数都优于对照组,且发酵香肠14 d与0 d相比,添加发酵剂的发酵香肠胆固醇含量显著降低（P＜0.05）且在贮存56 d时X3-2B组发酵香肠胆固醇含量低于自然发酵组与LP组,故菌株X3-2B可作为一株降胆固醇性能较好的肉制品发酵剂。     

Isolation and identification of high viscosity-producing lactic acid bacteria from a traditional fermented milk in Xinjiang and its role in fermentation process

Forty-four lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from traditional Sayram ropy fermented milk (SRFM) in southern Xinjiang of China. Further two strains were selected based on their high viscosity-producing activity. Based on the API 50 CHL strip and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, strain MB 2-1 was a Gram-positive, rod-shaped Lactobacillus helveticus and strain MB 5-1 was identified as Streptococcus thermophilus. Both the two LAB strains were grown in the milk fermentations for pure and mixed cultures and were evaluated for their growth, acidification properties, EPS production, and ability to increase the apparent viscosity of fermented milk, respectively. L. helveticus MB 2-1 displayed a high increasing in viable cell counts and the acidifying capacity in pure cultures, whereas the relatively high EPS production and viscosity-producing capacity detected in pure culture with S. thermophilus MB 5-1 as starter culture. In addition, the mixed culture of the two strains showed a higher cell growth, EPS production, and high viscosity-producing capacity at 37?°C. Values of apparent viscosity were 4.03- and 2.41-fold higher in mixed culture than for pure cultures of L. helveticus MB 2-1 and S. thermophilus MB 5-1, respectively. There was a positive correlation between the viscosity and high molecular weight EPS production with pure and mixed cultures. Our data showed two strains combination, with high viscosity-producing and acidifying capacity, can be used in mixed cultures for the manufacture of fermented milk with improved functional properties.     

Isolation and identification of an exopolysaccharide-producing lactic acid Bacterium strain from Chinese Paocai and biosorption of Pb(II) by its exopolysaccharide

Lactic acid bacteria isolated from various traditional Chinese fermented foods were screened for the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS). The strain 70810 from Chinese Paocai, which was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum (HQ259238) by morphological, physiological, biochemical, and 16S rDNA tests, was selected due to its highest EPS production capability (0.859 g/L) for further study. Biosorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions by 70810 EPS was studied with parameters of initial pH, contact time, initial Pb(II) concentration, adsorbent dosage, and temperature, respectively. Maximum adsorption of Pb(II) was observed at pH 5, 30 °C, and 6 h, respectively. The adsorption capacity was also found to be dependent upon initial Pb(II) concentration and adsorbent dosage. Surface adsorption of the metal at surface of 70810 EPS was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra analysis indicated that some functional groups (for example, -OH, COO-, C = O, and -NH) of 70810 EPS were involved in Pb(II) biosorption process. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Lactobacillus plantarum 70810 can be used as a starter culture for the production of some fermented foods (for example, yoghurt or fermented soybean milk) and the production of EPS that can meet consumer's demand for products with low levels of additives. The EPS may be used as a potential biosorbent for the removal of heavy metal from environment and these fermented foods maybe have the potential effect to excrete lead from human body.     

Effect of milk base and starter culture on acidification,texture, and probiotic cell counts in fermented milk processing

In the present work, the compared effect of milk base and starter culture on acidification, texture, growth, and stability of probiotic bacteria in fermented milk processing, was studied. Two strains of probiotic bacteria were used, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 and L. rhamnosus LR35, with two starter cultures. One starter culture consisted only of Streptococcus thermophilus ST7 (single starter culture); the other was a yogurt mixed culture with S. thermophilus ST7 and L. bulgaricus LB12 (mixed starter culture). For the milk base preparation, four commercial dairy ingredients were tested (two milk protein concentrates and two casein hydrolysates). The resulting fermented milks were compared to those obtained with control milk (without enrichment) and milk added with skim milk powder. The performance of the two probiotic strains were opposite. L. acidophilus LA5 grew well on milk but showed a poor stability during storage. L. rhamnosus LR35 grew weakly on milk but was remarkably stable during storage. With the strains tested in this study, the use of the single starter culture and the addition of casein hydrolysate gave the best probiotic cell counts. The fermentation time was of about 11 h, and the probiotic level after five weeks of storage was greater than 106 cfu/ml for L. acidophilus LA5 and 10(7) cfu/ml for L. rhamnosus LR35. However, an optimization of the level of casein hydrolysate added to milk base has to be done, in order to improve texture and flavor when using this dairy ingredient.     

动物双歧杆菌、植物乳杆菌与传统发酵剂共培养对发酵乳抗氧化特性的影响

动物双歧杆菌（Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis,Ba）、植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum,Lp）与传统酸奶发酵剂（Y）共培养条件下,对发酵乳的酸化特性（pH值和滴定酸度）、蛋白水解活力、胞外多糖（exopolysaccharide,EPS）含量、肽含量、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基清除率、羟自由基清除率、Fe2＋螯合能力及还原能力进行研究,以探讨共发酵对发酵乳抗氧化特性的影响。结果表明,在冷藏过程中,发酵乳的酸化能力和蛋白水解活力增加（P＜0.05）。EPS主要由传统发酵剂产生,不是造成不同菌种发酵乳抗氧化能力差异的原因。发酵乳在冷藏期间肽含量和还原能力均表现出上升-下降的趋势,于第7天达到峰值。与单一Y相比,Ba或Lp与Y共发酵可提高发酵乳的蛋白水解活力、肽含量和抗氧化能力（P＜0.05）。Y-Ba/Lp发酵乳在冷藏期内具有最高的DPPH自由基清除率、羟自由基清除率、Fe2＋螯合能力和还原能力（P＜0.05）;Y-Lp比Y-Ba发酵乳有较低的DPPH自由基清除率、Fe2＋螯合能力和还原能力,但有较高的羟自由基清除率（P＜0.05）。本研究表明,益生菌共培养可以提高发酵乳的抗氧化能力,这种作用主要源于益生菌的蛋白水解特性。