复合硬化改性水玻璃粘结剂的研究

以钠水玻璃作为粘结剂主体,为了提高粘结剂的抗拉强度,对水玻璃进行了有机改性,通过对比试验确定了改性剂的种类,通过正交试验确定了改性剂的最佳配比。研究结果表明,复合改性水玻璃粘结剂的最佳配比(质量分数)为:水玻璃∶KOH∶葡萄糖∶山梨醇∶M剂=100∶10∶1.0∶1.0∶1.5,其粘度为450 mPa·s,密度为1.53 g/cm3。在改性水玻璃粘结剂加入量(占砂重)2%,采用吹CO2气体+压缩空气+粉状促硬剂的复合工艺进行硬化,其中粉状促硬剂加入量0.4%,吹气时间60 s条件下,试样的即时抗拉强度可达到0.30 MPa,4 h抗拉强度可达到0.82 MPa,24 h抗拉强度达到1.08 MPa以上。本研究的粘结剂无毒环保、硬化快速,所得混合料流动性良好,砂芯(型)表面光滑、溃散性良好,综合工艺性能优良。     

典型方法和材料对水玻璃的改性效果与机制

研究比较了超声处理、纳米粉末改性、复合材料改性等水玻璃粘结剂改性方法及材料对水玻璃粘结剂的改性效果;分析了水玻璃的改性机制。试验结果表明,超声处理虽然提高了水玻璃砂的常温强度,却也恶化了溃散性;水玻璃经过纳米氧化物粉末改性后,适量纳米氧化物粉末可以在一定程度上改善水玻璃砂的溃散性,但常温强度却不能得到较大幅度的提高,作者开发的复合改性剂,既可提高水玻璃砂的常温强度,又可改善水玻璃砂的溃散性。借助XPS和SEM微观分析的方法,探讨了水玻璃粘结剂改性方法及材料对水玻璃粘结剂的改性机理。     

CO2改性水玻璃砂的出砂性

研究了改性水玻璃砂的出砂性,试验制订了测量水玻璃砂试样残留强度时的加热规范和冷却方式.以水玻璃砂的残留强度值≤0.5 MPa为标准来评价改性水玻璃18号的出砂性,结果发现,当粘结剂加入量为2.5%～4.0%时,在400～1 000 ℃下均具有良好的出砂性.观察了普通和改性水玻璃砂在加热温度为200、600、800、1 000、1 200 ℃的残留强度断口,发现普通水玻璃和改性水玻璃A1都在800 ℃出现残留强度峰值,改性水玻璃18号与B2均在800 ℃出现残留强度谷值,并解释了其中的原因.     

一种复合硬化改性无机粘结剂制备工艺的研究

以水玻璃为粘结剂主要成分,并通过加热芯盒、吹热空气、添加粉状促硬剂的复合硬化工艺制备砂芯,具体工艺为:芯盒温度为175℃,热空气温度为120℃,吹气时间为40 s。以试样的抗拉强度、溃散性为考核指标,采用氢氧化钾、焦磷酸钠、硅烷、A剂对粘结剂进行了复合改性,取得了良好的效果。通过正交试验优化了各组分的比例,即:水玻璃:氢氧化钾∶A剂∶焦磷酸钠∶硅烷=1 000∶45∶8∶4∶2。制备的粘结剂粘度为80 m Pa·s,模数为2.33,密度为1.45 g·cm~(-3)。在粘结剂加入量2%,促硬剂0.6%的情况下,制备的砂芯热强度为0.65 MPa,常温强度为2.51 MPa,24 h强度为1.95 MPa。芯砂流动性良好、发气量低、溃散性好,综合工艺性能优良,适合于大批量小芯的生产制备。     

CO2硬化改性水玻璃砂粘结强度的研究

研究了改性水玻璃砂的强度性能.其中,G代表普通水玻璃;18号为优选出来的用含有羧钠基的1号改性树脂改性的水玻璃;A1为用含有酰胺基的3号改性树脂改性的水玻璃;B2是用含有苯酚的2号改性树脂改性的水玻璃.试验结果表明,在相同的粘结剂加入量和吹气工艺条件下,初强度值的增大顺序为A,>18号>G>Bz;终强度值的增大顺序为18号>B2>A1>G.比较起来18号的综合性能较为理想.随着吹气时间的延长,型砂初始强度不断上升,而终强度则逐步下降.随着吹气流量增大,初强度下降而终强度上升.     

改性水玻璃砂性能研究

本文对水玻璃改性进行了研究,确定了改性方法及制备工艺,并对改性后的水玻璃砂进行了系统的性能试验,同时,对助粘结剂做了一些探讨。试验表明,改性后的水玻璃砂性能提高,溃散效果显著。     

CO2硬化工艺对改性水玻璃砂性能的影响

采用改性树脂对水玻璃进行改性处理,并用改性后的水玻璃配制型砂.结果表明:在相同的粘结剂加入量和吹气工艺条件下,用#1改性树脂改性的水玻璃砂的综合性能较为理想.另外,测得CO2吹气工艺对型砂强度的影响如下:固定粘结剂的加入量为3.5%、吹气流量为2.5 m3/h,随着吹气时间的延长,型砂σ0不断上升,而σ24则逐步下降;固定粘结剂的加入量为3.5%、吹气时间为20 s,随着吹气流量增大,型砂σ0下降,而σ24上升.     

4#复合改性水玻璃粘结剂试验及分析

介绍了４ ＃ 复合改性水玻璃粘结剂的配方及特点;通过试验和分析,确定出取代合脂芯砂的配方和性能; 讨论了代替树脂热芯盒法制芯的可能性及芯砂配方;探讨了该粘结剂的改性机理。     

水玻璃粘结剂改性技术的现状及发展趋势

结合酯硬化水玻璃砂应用特点,介绍了水玻璃粘结剂改性技术的现状及发展方向.水玻璃粘结剂改性的本质可概括为提高纯净度（降低杂质含量）、减少老化现象（加入抗老化物质）、提高水玻璃砂的强度、溃散性、抗湿性、操作性等.水玻璃的模数是水玻璃砂性能的主要性能控制指标,调整水玻璃的模数是调整水玻璃砂硬化速度和强度的主要手段.普通干法再生砂能实现循环使用的关键技术之一是采用模数为1.6～2.0的超低模数的水玻璃.目前,水玻璃砂的抗湿性问题、干法再生砂循环使用后溃散性快速恶化问题、酯硬化水玻璃砂厚大砂型的硬透性问题等还有待进一步解决,这些问题的深入研究及其实用技术的开发是水玻璃粘结剂改性技术的发展方向.     

改性水玻璃的X衍射分析

分别选择带有不同极性基团的1^#、2^#、3^#改性用树脂作为改性剂的主干材料,对水玻璃进行改性处理。实验结果表明：改性水玻璃与普通水玻璃相比,明显提高了常温下的粘结强度,大大改善了热强度和高温强度,从根本上改变了800℃时的残留强度峰值。为什么会有这样的效果呢？为寻求问题的答案,我们对普通水玻璃G和改性水玻璃18^#粘结剂摸进行X衍射分析。实验结果表明：普通水玻璃和改性水玻璃吹CO2硬化后的凝胶膜组织以非晶态为主,含有少量的晶态物质,但是这两种水玻璃凝胶膜的X衍射图谱并不相同。普通和改性水玻璃吹CO2硬化后的凝胶膜分别在不同温度下焙烧,在600℃和800℃的产物中,两种水玻璃的物相显著不同处是改性水玻璃中有有机酸钠和有由氧化钠、高价金属等形成的多元化合物。     

磷酸氢二钠及木糖醇改性水玻璃对微波硬化水玻璃砂存放强度影响

研究了磷酸氢二钠和木糖醇两种改性剂加入量对微波硬化水玻璃砂样存放强度的影响,通过红外光谱和扫描电镜等测试方法,对普通水玻璃砂和改性水玻璃砂的官能团及微观组织进行了分析。试验研究结果表明,改性后的水玻璃砂样存放强度高于普通水玻璃砂样的存放强度,当改性剂加入量为水玻璃质量的2％时,砂样的存放强度效果最佳;样品的红外图谱表明,改性后的水玻璃砂中没有出现新的基团;扫描电镜分析表明,改性后,水玻璃膜均匀、完整地覆盖在砂粒表面,粘结桥中裂纹减少。     

炉渣在改善CO2硬化水玻璃砂溃散性中的作用

为改善CO2硬化水玻璃砂溃散性差,铸件清砂困难,旧砂再生率低的问题,将炉渣按一定比例掺入其中进行了试验.对比了加入炉渣与不加入炉渣、加入转炉炉渣与加入冲天炉炉渣对水玻璃砂性能的影响,并对工艺参数进行优化配比.结果表明:当加入5％的75目转炉炉渣时,采用0.8 m3/h、时间为30 s的吹CO2工艺,使水玻璃砂即时强度提高了41％～49％,24h强度提高了80％～86％,800～1 000℃残留强度降低38％～43％,表面稳定性提高到99％以上,提高了水玻璃砂的综合性能,改善了型芯砂的溃散性.     

CO2水玻璃旧砂化学再生的试验研究

在CO2硬化水玻璃砂的化学再生试验中,使用了从同一车间不同时间取回的两种旧砂。将NaOH水溶液与旧砂混匀并密封,在室温下放置不同的时间进行制样,并测试性能。立即制样时,砂子发散,性能很差;放置一段时间,碱液慢慢渗入废旧水玻璃膜,使旧砂粘结性能得以恢复,即得到再生。放置2天左右时,再生砂性能较好,即时强度与新水玻璃砂相当,24h强度可恢复至新水玻璃砂的50%～60%,表面稳定性达80%～90%。另外,两次旧砂再生时需加入的NaOH量相差很多,主要是由于生产中吹气操作的不同使水玻璃反应率不同,从而使旧砂中可恢复的Na2O不同所致。所以,生产中使用化学再生时,再生方案不能根据水玻璃旧砂原始参数进行简单估算,而应根据生产情况随时进行调整。     

水玻璃改性对水玻璃砂再生循环使用性能的影响

水玻璃改性技术在提高水玻璃砂强度,改善其溃散性的同时,也对水玻璃旧砂经干法再生后循环使用的砂性能产生了影响。试验测试了水玻璃旧砂受热温度对其溃散性的影响,比较了普通水玻璃和改性水玻璃在水玻璃旧砂溃散性上的区别,测试研究了多次循环使用后水玻璃再生砂残留强度的变化,分析了所用改性水玻璃粘结剂对水玻璃旧砂再生回用后的性能产生影响的原因和机制。结果表明,水玻璃改性有利于水玻璃砂的再生循环使用。     

An improved sodium silicate binder modified by ultra-fine powder materials

This paper presents a new method of modifying sodium silicate binder with ultra-fine powders. The sodium silicate binder modified by ultra-fine powder A and the organic B can reduce the addition amount of the binder. The results indicate that the 24 h strength has increased by 39.9% at room temperature and the residual strength has decreased by 30.7% at 800℃, compared to the conventional sodium silicate. An available material to improve the moisture resistance was also found by adding about 2% more inorganic C, and it can increase the moist strength by 20%. In the end, the microanalyses are given to explain the modifying machanism, i. e., the ultra-fine powder A can refine the sodium silicate binder to avoid holes in the binder bond, which can increase the 24 h strength at room temperture, and can lead to more cracks in the bond after the molding sand is heated to 800℃. This is because of the stress caused by the new eutectic complex of modified sodium silicate binder.     

Inlfuence of wet activation of used inorganic binder on cyclically refreshed water glass moulding sands hardened by microwaves

The paper presents the research results of using an innovative method to reclaim the waste moulding sands containing water glass. Two of the examined processes are connected with “dry” or “wet” activation of inorganic binder in waste moulding sand mixtures physicaly hardened by microwave radiation. The sand mixtures consisting of high-silica sand and water-glass with average molar module 2.5, were subjected to the folowing cyclical process: mixing the components, compacting, microwave heating, cooling-down, thermaly loading the mould to 800 °C, cooling-down to ambient temperature, and knocking-out. After being knocked-out, the waste moulding sands were subjected to either dry or wet activation of the binder. To activate thermaly treated inorganic binder, each of the examined processes employed the surface phenomenon usualy associated to mechanical reclamation. The study also covered possible use of some elements of wet reclamation to rehydrate waste binder. To evaluate the effectiveness of the two proposed methods of waste binder activation, selected strength and technological parameters were measured. After each subsequent processing cycle, the permeability, tensile strength and bending strength were determined. In addition, the surface of activated sand grains was examined with a scanning electron microscope. Analysis of the results indicates that it is possible to re-activate the used binder such as sodium silicate, and to stabilize the strength parameters in both activation processes. Permeability of the refreshed moulding sands strongly depends on the surface condition of high-silica grains. The wet activation process by wetting and buffering knocked-out moulding sands in closed humid environment makes it possible to reduce the content of refreshing additive in water-glass. The moulding sands cyclicaly prepared in both processes do not require the addition of fresh high-silica sand. The relatively high quality achieved in the refreshed moulding sands alows them to be reused for manufacture of next moulds. Thus, the two proposed methods for cyclicaly processing used moulding sands containing sodium silicate, subject to microwave hardening, are suitable for economic and ecological circulation moulding mixtures.     

Recycling water glass from wet reclamation sewage of waste sodium silicate-bonded sand

Wet reclamation of waste sodium silicate-bonded sand produces much alkaline sewage and causes pollution. Recycling water glass from wet reclamation sewage of the waste sodium silicate-bonded sand can solve pollution issues and generate economic benefits. In this work,the wet reclamation sewage was filtered,and the filtrate was causticized with a quicklime powder to produce a lye. The effects of causticization temperature,causticization time,and the amount of quicklime powder on the causticization rate were studied. The lye was used to dissolve the silica in the filtration residue to prepare a sodium silicate solution. The effects of the mass of filtration residue,dissolution temperature,and dissolution time on sodium silicate modulus were studied. Finally,the recycled water glass was obtained by concentrating the sodium silicate solution,and the bonding strength of the recycled water glass was tested. The results showed that the causticization rate could be improved by increasing the amount of quicklime powder,causticization temperature,and causticization time,and the highest causticization rate was above 92%. Amorphous silica in the filtration residue dissolved in the lye. Increasing the amount of the filtration residue,dissolution temperature,and dissolution time could improve the sodium silicate modulus. The bonding strength of the recycled water glass was close to that of commercial water glass. The recycled water glass could be used as a substitute for the commercial water glass.     

CO2硬化水玻璃改性新方法的研究

针对目前水玻璃砂应用中存在的缺陷，本交通过大量实验，找到了一种新型的复合改性剂．该改性方法不仅工艺简单，而且可使水玻璃加入量降到3．5％，此时，即=0．52MPa、24h=2．39MPa，比未改性的提高117％，残＜0．40MPa．具有优良的工艺性能．     

有机酯-微波复合硬化水玻璃砂强度及抗吸湿性研究

对比研究了普通一次微波硬化、有机酯硬化、有机酯-微波复合硬化三种水玻璃砂硬化工艺的性能.结果表明,与普通一次微波加热硬化相比,有机酯-微波加热复合硬化工艺可使砂型在微波加热阶段不带模具加热,当有机酯的加入量为水玻璃质量的1.5％时,恒湿瓶中4h存放强度较普通一次微波加热硬化提高了70％;较之于有机酯硬化工艺,有机酯-微波加热复合硬化工艺的水玻璃加入量少、硬化速度快、硬化强度高.进一步系统研究了其他工艺参数(微波加热功率和时间)对有机酯-微波加热复合硬化水玻璃砂型存放强度的影响,并通过扫描电镜观察分析了该工艺下的砂样粘结桥微观结构和硬化机理.