普及计算及其应用

普及计算的目标是通过将计算机融入人们周围的物理环境来增强计算机的功能和影响,文章介绍了普及计算的基本概念,并就其实现环境,应用前景,关键技术和实现模型进行了讨论。     

Ubiquitous Computing in the Biology Laboratory

Our objective is to eliminate the digital divide that persists between the physical and information spaces of wet-lab based enterprises by embedding computational resources into the shared laboratory environment. Our first challenge is to enable individual lab workers to contribute to a fine-grained formal representation of ongoing lab activities - to build the database by doing the work, without having to stop and write things down in a notebook or to enter information into a computer. By eliminating the redundancy of doing the work and then recording it, accuracy and completeness will be improved. And, by capturing information at a finer detail than is practical for manual entry systems, unanticipated applications can be supported.     

OpenCOPI: middleware integration for Ubiquitous Computing

In this paper, we present OpenCOPI (Open COntext Platform Integration), a Service-Oriented Architecture-based middleware platform that supports the integration of services provided by distinct sources, ranging from services offered by simple systems to more complex services provided by context-provision middleware. OpenCOPI offers selection and composition mechanisms to, respectively, select and compose services provided by different sources, considering applications of both Quality of Service and Quality of Context requirements. It also offers an adaptation mechanism that enables to adapt the application execution due to service failures, service quality fluctuation and user mobility. OpenCOPI allows the definition of applications in a higher abstraction level by the specification of a semantic workflow that contains abstract activities. This paper illustrates the use of OpenCOPI in an application from the Gas & Oil Industry and it also shows the evaluation of the main mechanisms of OpenCOPI: the service selection, composition, adaptation and workflow execution.     

普及计算及其应用模型

1.普及计算的基本概念 1.什么是普及计算? 我们当前所处的时代是计算机技术仍然复杂到让大部分人们难以学习的地步的时代。虽然目前计算机已经进入了许多人的家庭,但是真正能够发挥计算机全部能力的用户是很少的。计算机业界有许多的技术和专有名词,而且它们还随着时间的流逝不断发展变化。再者,过去所有的传统思路都是以计算机为中心,当计算机系统发生变化时,人们的思想也必须     

Ubiquitous Computing: Are We There Yet?

The widespread deployment of technologies like mobile phones continues to drive new applications and to open research opportunities.     

Smart Playing Cards: A Ubiquitous Computing Game

We present the ‘Smart Playing Cards’ application, a ubiquitous computing game that augments a classical card game with information technological functionality by attaching RFID tags to the cards. We also mention requirements that such an application makes on a supporting software infrastructure for ubiquitous computing. Correspondence to: Nr K. R?mer or Ms S. Domnitcheva, Department of Computer Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland. Email: roemer@inf.ethz.ch, or domnitch@ inf.ethz.ch     

WMCSA 2004: 10 Years of Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing

The Sixth IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications took place in December 2004 in England’s Lake District. WMCSA 2004 continued the trend of a high-quality interactive workshop focused on mobile and ubiquitous applications, systems, and environments, as well as their underlying state-of-the-art technologies.     

UbiCloud:一种面向普适终端的云计算系统

针对低性能终端的复杂计算需求,设计了面向普适终端的云计算系统UbiCloud。通过对云中计算资源的描 述、发现、访问、评价等问题进行研究,在前端普适终端与后端云之间构建虚拟计算环境,实现了一个异构终端的云计 算服务发布及访问平台。在对服务质量的评价上结合AHP算法给出了一个有效的服务评价模型,在建立判断矩阵 的过程中提出了两种一致性矩阵构建方法。最后对系统进行了性能测试,结果表明系统在应用响应时间等指标方面 可以达到设计目的。     

Guest Editors' Introduction: Rapid Prototyping for Ubiquitous Computing

This issue's articles represent some of the best recent advances in applying rapid prototyping to ubiquitous systems development.     

UbiCloud:一种面向普适终端的云计算系统

针对低性能终端的复杂计算需求,设计了面向普适终端的云计算系统UbiCloud.通过对云中计算资源的描述、发现、访问、评价等问题进行研究,在前端普适终端与后端云之间构建虚拟计算环境,实现了一个异构终端的云计算服务发布及访问平台.在对服务质量的评价上结合AHP算法给出了一个有效的服务评价模型,在建立判断矩阵的过程中提出了两种一致性矩阵构建方法.最后对系统进行了性能测试,结果表明系统在应用响应时间等指标方面可以达到设计目的.     

Public Ubiquitous Computing Systems: Lessons from the e-Campus Display Deployments

In this paper, the authors reflect on their experiences of deploying ubiquitous computing systems in public spaces and present a series of lessons that they feel will be of benefit to researchers planning similar public deployments. They focus on experiences gained from building and deploying three experimental public display systems as part of the e-Campus project. However, they believe the lessons are likely to be generally applicable to many different types of public ubicomp deployment. This article is part of a special issue on Real-World Deployments.     

Computing for Human Experience: Semantics-Empowered Sensors, Services, and Social Computing on the Ubiquitous Web

Computing for human experience will employ a suite of technologies to nondestructively and unobtrusively complement and enrich normal human activities, with minimal explicit concern or effort on the humans' part.     

面向普适计算的动态自适应中间件模型

为了提高普适计算系统的开发效率, 设计了一个基于OSGi框架的动态普适计算中间件模型. 该中间件模型以OSGi框架为基础, 建立移动管理器管理用户和服务的移动, 利用上下文管理器来管理上下文, 动态调整自己的行为, 支持上下文感知应用. 通过标准的接口实现各种异构普适设备间的互操作性. 实验结果表明该中间件能够满足通用普适计算环境的要求, 对于普适计算系统的开发具有一定的借鉴意义.     

TRIP: A Low-Cost Vision-Based Location System for Ubiquitous Computing

Sentient Computing provides computers with perception so that they can react and provide assistance to user activities. Physical spaces are made sentient when they are wired with networks of sensors capturing context data, which is communicated to computing devices spread through the environment. These devices interpret the information provided and react by performing the actions expected by the user. Among the types of context information provided by sensors, location has proven to be especially useful. Since location is an important context that changes whenever the user moves, a reliable location-tracking system is critical to many sentient applications. However, the sensor technologies used in indoor location tracking are expensive and complex to deploy, configure and maintain. These factors have prevented a wider adoption of Sentient Computing in our living and working spaces. This paper presents TRIP, a low-cost and easily deployable vision-based sensor technology addressing these issues. TRIP employs off-the-shelf hardware (low-cost CCD cameras and PCs) and printable 2-D circular markers for entity identification and location. The usability of TRIP is illustrated through the implementation of several sentient applications.     

面向普适计算的自适应软件模型及平台实现

适应性是普适计算软件的主要特征。现有研究工作在模型和体系结构层面上缺乏对软件自适应的内在抽象,因而很难为自适应软件的建模、开发和运行提供全面支撑。针对现有研究工作存在的不足,首先以适应性为核心,提出了自主单元的概念及其构件化参考实现模型,用统一的、具有适应能力的自主单元来对普适计算实体进行抽象和描述;进而提出基于自主单元的自适应软件体系结构,从概念、开发和运行3个层面对其进行了系统化阐述,并且实现了支撑该体系结构、基于微内核架构的普适计算软件平台UbiStar;最后以智能博物馆应用为典型案例,对自主单元模型和UbiStar平台的有效性进行了验证。     

普适计算中动态和语义的安全策略管理

普适计算环境是信息空间与物理空间的融合,存在着既要实现信息高度共享和协作,又要保证安全隐私之间的矛盾。该文提出普适计算环境中动态的、语义的安全策略管理机制。引入统一的本体知识库,根据上下文的变化,通过本体服务动态调整策略服务和事件服务,实现策略的动态执行。描述该机制的策略管理框架、策略动态执行和策略规范。通过普适计算的典型应用场景,分析和说明如何应用该机制。     

基于上下文感知的普适计算辅助教学设计与实现

随着计算机技术的发展,普适计算作为一种新的计算模式孕育而生。基于普适计算的应用技术能为使用人群提供主动的,个性化的服务,这一特点可以极大地改善现有计算机辅助教学过程中一些固有缺陷。文中分析了普适计算在教学中的意义,研究了近年来国内外在上下文感知领域的探索,指出了普适计算技术在实验教学中的优越性,设计了一个基于上下文感知的普适计算辅助教学实验。