Kinetics of the thermal decomposition of acid tar

It has been shown that the reaction rate of the thermal decomposition of acid tar containing sulfoacids obeys the equation of the first order reaction. Two temperature ranges of thermal decomposition have been detected. The processes of the liquid phase transformation of the components of the reaction mixture dominate in the low temperature range (200–360°C, apparent activation energy E = 37 kJ/mol), and gas-phase reactions dominate in the high temperature range (390–500°C, E = 106 kJ/mol). Sulfuric acid, additionally introduced into acid tar, participates in redox reactions, resulting in the rapid formation of sulfur(IV) oxides and benzene.     

低温低碳烷烃和氮双元液态混合物密度的推算

将一个饱和液体状态方程(TONG方程)应用于已知的双元液体混合物密度的推算,温度为105K～140K,该混合物的组分是低碳烷烃和氮,它们都是液化天然气(LNG)的主要成分。此模型方程利用纯组分数据来预测液化天然气低温下密度而被检验。本方法的优点是使用简便。     

Kinetics and thermochemistry of the boron-fuelled pyrotechnic compositions BLC 190 and BLC 181 at their ignition temperatures

Around 700 K, the pyrotechnic compositions BLC 190 (boron : red lead, 10 : 90) and BLC 181 (boron : red lead : chromic oxide, 10 : 80 : 10) undergo exothermic thermal decomposition reactions which follow first order kinetics. The reaction of BLC 190 is faster than that of BLC 181 but the energies of activation, ca. 446 kJ mol^?1, and the heat output per unit mass of oxidant, Pb₃0₄’ ca. 1000 J g^?1, are very similar suggesting that the reactions of each of these formulations follow identical pathways. The product of the reaction from BLC 190 has been identified as lead tetraborate or a closely related compound.     

Heat transfer from gas in packed pipes at low temperatures

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering -     

Prospects of the introduction of the process of thermal cracking at high temperatures in industry

Conclusions Realization of the VTTKK process enables us considerably to increase the resources of unsaturated hydrocarbons and to improve the yield and quality of gasoline and the economics of the process. The authors believe that the high-temperature TKK process may be recommended for introduction to industry. To improve the process efficiency, it is necessary to solve the problem of rational utilization of the 205–350°C fraction and the coke of high sulfur content     

LNG接收站在海水低温条件下的ORV节能运行技术

为了保证海水温度不影响LNG接收站开架式气化器(ORV)气化的LNG额定流量,ORV设计文件要求当海水温度低于5.5℃时,不得运行ORV,需改用浸没燃烧式气化器(SCV);但由于SCV运行成本远远高于ORV,因此,如何在海水温度低于5.5℃时仍然能运行ORV便成了研究的重点。在海水低温条件下运行ORV的关键是确定ORV最小海水流量和最大LNG流量。因此,首先以ORV性能曲线为基础,确定其机械限定LNG流量和特定条件下ORV入口海水温度在2.5~5.5℃范围内的固有性能曲线,然后通过实验获得特定条件下入口海水温度在1.0~2.5℃范围内的试验性能曲线,进而分段建立特定条件下入口海水温度、LNG入口压力、最大LNG流量与最小海水流量间的计算模型,并由1st Opt软件采用多元非线性拟合确定模型系数,最后由能量守恒定律求解实际运行中的ORV最小海水流量和最大LNG流量,同时设计出了计算软件。实际运行结果表明该软件计算的最大相对误差仅为0.94%。在中国石油大连液化天然气有限公司LNG接收站的实际应用效果表明:在2012—2013年间,海水低温下ORV节能运行技术为该LNG接收站节约气化成本5 982万元。