CO2在水作载体的微孔膜内的促进传递

Ｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓ ,ｔｈｅｆｉｘｅｄｃａｒｒｉｅｒｍｅｍｂｒａｎｅｓｆｏｒＣＯ2 ,ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙｔｈｅｍｅｍｂｒａｎｅｓｈａｖｉｎｇａｍｉｎｅｍｏｉｅｔｙ[1— 3] ｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅｄｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅｌｙ .Ｍａｔｓｕｙａｍａｅｔａｌ[4 ] ｆｏｕｎｄｔｈｅｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅｏｆｗａｔｅｒ -ｃｏｎｔａｉｎｉｎｇｍｅｍｂｒａｎｅｓｗａｓｂｅｔｔｅｒｔｈａｎｔｈａｔｏｆｄｒｙｍｅｍｂｒａｎｅｓ .Ｔｈｅｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｖｉｙｏｆｔｈｅｃｏｎｔａｉｎｉｎｇｗａｔｅｒｍｅｍｂ…     

含二（2—乙基己基）磷酸乳状液膜对L—谷氨酸的萃取研究

本文以ＤＺＥＨＰＡ为载体,ＥＣＡ４３６０Ｊ为表面活性剂,内外相Ｈ＾＋浓度梯度为推动力,研究了Ｌ－谷氨酸在乳状液膜体系里的传输对影响液膜萃取的各因素进行了系统阐述了确定了体系的最佳膜相组成和实验条件,实现了Ｌ－谷氨酸的萃取回收。     

MASS TRANSFER OF SULFURIC ACID BY TRIOCTYLAMINE THROUGH A SUPPORTED LIQUID MEMBRANE

The extraction of sulfuric acid in a supported-liquid membrane (SLM) process, and the kinetics of extraction and stripping of sulfuric acid in a cell of constant interfacial area by trioctylamine (TOA)/kerosene solvent were investigated. The kinetics of extraction and stripping were determined by examining the effects of the operating variables. The extraction rate is a function of the activity of sulfuric acid and the concentration of TOA; the stripping rate is a function of the concentration of trioctylamine sulfate salts in the organic solution. A generalized transport model, which included the film diffusion of sulfuric acid in the aqueous phase, the membrane diffusion within the SLM, and the interfacial chemical reaction, was built. The permeability of sulfuric acid through the SLM using TOA as a mobile carrier was determined. The rate-determining step of the extraction of sulfuric acid through a SLM was analyzed using the data obtained from the experiments of extraction kinetics and the mass transfer in the aqueous phase. Diffusion within the membrane dominates the process of extraction process of sulfuric acid by TOA through a SLM.     

COMPETITIVE FACILITATED TRANSPORT OF ACID GASES IN MODIFIED CARRIER MEMBRANES

1 INTRODUCTIONMany attempts to develop semipermeable membranes for gas separation have beendone over the past twenty years [1,2].However,it is still difficult to prepare apolymer film which makes certain gas separation processed within range of being econ-omically and technically feasible,since most polymeric materials are relativelyimpermeable to gases.Facilitated transport concept which was first proposed by     

PHENOLIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT BY SUPPORTED LIQUID MEMBRANE USING DIFFERENT COOKING OILS AS LIQUID MEMBRANE

Transport of phenol through a flat sheet supported liquid membrane (SLM) containing cooking oil as liquid membrane (LM) was investigated. Factors affecting permeation of phenol such as membrane phase, support material, feed phase pH, stripping phase concentration, stirring speed, and initial concentration of phenol were studied. It was found that these parameters strongly influence phenol removal efficiency; PTFE membrane as support material, grape seed oil as liquid membrane, feed pH of 2.0, initial phenol concentration of 100 mg/L, stirring speed of 350 rpm, and 0.2 M sodium hydroxide as effective stripping agent were found as the best conditions for greater phenol transport. Under these conditions, permeability was found to be 7.46 × 10^?6 m/s. After 10.5 h, phenol was completely removed from the feed phase to strip phase. According to stability experiments, it was observed that the SLM is stable after 22 h. Thus, the use of cheap, nontoxic, and naturally oil as a novel and green membrane for recovery of phenol from wastewater was demonstrated.     

LIQUID MEMBRANE TRANSPORT OF CEPHALOSPORIN ANTIBIOTICS: EFFECT OF SOLUTE CHEMICAL NATURE ON CARRIER SPECIFICITY

Cephalosporin antibiotics were transported from a dilute aqueous solution (feed phase) through a bulk liquid membrane containing Aliquat-336 as an anion exchange carrier in n-butyl acetate as the solvent to another aqueous solution (receiving phase) of lower pH. Under appreciable pH gradient of the feed and receiving phases, facilitated uphill transport could be obtained. Under the optimal pH condition, the intial solute flux across the bulk liquid membrane could be correlated well with the hydrophobicity of the solutes. A linear correlation exists between the initial solute flux and hydrophobicity, indicating that the solute of higher hydrophobic nature are transported at a higher rate in the bulk liquid membrane involving the specific carrier. The correlation appears to be derived from a linear dependenc of solute hydrophobicity on equilibrium constant of the reactive extraction system being exploited in the bulk liquid membrane.     

几种新型的支撑液膜组件的结构型式

本文介绍四种新型支撑液膜组件的型式和特点。它们分别是：中空纤维夹芯型膜组件、管式－中空纤维混合式膜组件，板式夹芯型膜组件和框式隔板夹芯型膜组件。     

PERMEATION OF IRON(III)THROUGH LIQUID MEMBRANE SUPPORTED ON POROUS POLYETHYLENE HOLLOW FIBER

ABSTRACT The permeation of iron(III) chloride through a liquid membrane of tri-n-octylamine dissolved in benzene supported on a microporous polyethylene hollow fiber has been studied. The initial permeation rate was explained as the sum of film resistances in the aqueous phases, a membrane resistance and two inter-facial reaction resistances.     

THERMODYNAMIC MODELING OF SOLUTE TRANSPORT THROUGH REVERSE OSMOSIS MEMBRANE

A new thermodynamic model is developed for water and solute transports through reverse osmosis membranes. The model is featured with rigorous derivations in theoretical development and clearly defined parameters for membrane transport properties. The new model can correctly describe not only the dependence of salt rejection on pressure and salt concentration, but also the non-linearity between water flux and pressure. Comparisons of model simulations with the reported reverse osmosis experiments demonstrate that the parameters in the new model are concentration-independent. This study shows that water and salt transports through reverse osmosis membranes can be satisfactorily described with irreversible thermodynamics.     

EXTRACTION OF ALUMINUM FROM A PICKLING BATH WITH SUPPORTED LIQUID MEMBRANE EXTRACTION

ABSTRACT

Large amounts of waste are produced yearly in the galvanic and chemical surface treatment industry. Bath liquids used in the various processes lose their function due to contamination. The spent bath liquids have to be replaced and treated prior to disposal, leading to high costs and a high environmental burden. In this paper, a proposed solution to the problem is investigated: the selective removal of the contaminant with supported liquid membrane extraction. The extraction of aluminum, a contaminant at high concentrations, from a pickling bath liquid with hydrofluoric acid and phosphoric acid as its main components has been carried out with the basic extractants Alamine 308 and Alamine 336 in a flat sheet-supported liquid membrane setup. Aluminum transport rates were obtained in the order of 10^?6?10^?5mol/(M²·s), which are normal values for this technique. The extraction was not completely selective as dissolved phosphorus was coextracted. In all experiments, precipitation took place on the surface of the liquid membrane and in the bulk of the strip phase. Increasing the stripping alkalinity from pH = 8 to pH = 13 reduced the amount of precipitation in the bulk of the strip phase but caused a substantial decrease in the aluminum flux. The precipitation prevents industrial application of the systems investigated.     

FACILITATED TRANSPORT OF CARBON DIOXIDE: A REVIEW

The effect of reversible chemical reaction upon the diffusion of carbon dioxide in thin liquid film membranes is reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed upon the hydration reaction of CO₂ and catalysis thereof. Theoretical analysis is developed for equilibrium, near-equilibrium and near-diffusion regimes. The important effects of weak acid buffers, proteins and amines upon CO₂ transport are also discussed, as well as the significance of diffusion potentials, particularly in the case of protein systems. Results of experimental investigations of facilitated CO₂ transport are reviewed, as well as general aspects of CO₂ transport in biological systems and absorbers.     

FACILITATED TRANSPORT OF CARBON DIOXIDE: A REVIEW

The effect of reversible chemical reaction upon the diffusion of carbon dioxide in thin liquid film membranes is reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed upon the hydration reaction of CO₂ and catalysis thereof. Theoretical analysis is developed for equilibrium, near-equilibrium and near-diffusion regimes. The important effects of weak acid buffers, proteins and amines upon CO₂ transport are also discussed, as well as the significance of diffusion potentials, particularly in the case of protein systems. Results of experimental investigations of facilitated CO₂ transport are reviewed, as well as general aspects of CO₂ transport in biological systems and absorbers.     

新型表面活性剂氧化叔胺的合成研究

介绍了用十二胺、甲酸和醛合成氧化叔胺的合成路线，氧化叔胺是一种新型非离子表面活性剂。经大量实验发现了影响反应的因素，并研究了叔胺及氧化叔胺的合成工艺条件。泡沫稳定实验显示氧化叔胺是一种较好的新型泡沫稳定剂及发泡剂。     

A MODEL OF FACILITATED TRANSPORT IN CONCENTRATED TWO-PHASE DISPERSIONS

A mathematical analysis is given of steady-state, reaction-enhanced diffusion through a heterogeneous medium consisting of a highly concentrated dispersion of quasi-spherical particles or cells suspended in a continuous phase. The paniculate or cellular phase is assumed to contain one or more mobile carrier species which undergo reversible homogeneous chemical reaction with several permeant species that are free to move in either phase. Thus, this type of system can serve as a model of facilitated transport in biological systems, such as oxygen transport in whole blood or in muscle tissue.

The present work is addressed to the limiting case of rapid reaction with very large equilibrium enhancement and, hence, it provides something of a theoretical upper limit for the rate of transport in dispersions. In this limit, the main resistance to diffusional transport arises from the thin layers of extracellular phase separating individual cells and from the adjacent reaction boundary layers situated just inside the cells. We find that the asymptotic rates of transport are much smaller, in fact logarithmically so, than those predicted by simpler series-resistance models.

By combining the asymptotic methods of Batchelor and O'Brien (1977) for ordinary conduction in concentrated dispersions with a previous general analysis of facilitated transport in homogeneous media (Schultz et al., 1974), a rather general formula is derived for the corresponding effective Fickian diffusivity of monodisperse, isotropic dispersions. The relevance to oxygen transport in blood and the possibility of non-Fickian diffusion are discussed.     

液膜法处理对硝基苯胺废水的研究

本文研究了对硝基苯胺水溶液的乳状液膜处理过程，实际工业废水经三级液膜萃取可达到国家排放标准，对硝基苯胺盐在有机膜相的“渗漏”应予注意。     

藻朊酸钠渗透汽化膜分离有机液／水混合物

研究了藻朊酸钠均质膜及藻朊酸钠／酸丙烯腈复合膜的渗透汽化特性。发现它们对甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丙酮、四氢呋喃（ＴＨＦ）、二氧六环、丙三醇等有机溶剂与水的混合望远镜水优选 透过，其渗透通量与选择分离系数都非常高。复合膜与均质膜相比，通量成倍增加，除甲醇／水体系外，对其他体系的分离系数不大，对二氧六环／水体系的分离系数复合膜更高。三种藻朊酸钠样品对乙醇／水，二氧六环／水的透过分离性能有所差异，对此，从膜     

含酚酞侧基聚芳醚酮中空纤维超滤膜处理含油脱脂液

本文报道了含酚酞侧基聚芳醚酮中空纤维膜用于含油脱脂液的处理。结果表明：此超滤膜能有效地去除脱脂液中油份使之低于１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ，膜的透水率比较大，约为５×１０－４ｍ３／ｍ２·ｋＰａ。有可能应用于金属表面涂装行业而实现脱脂液处理的闭路循环。另外，对膜的超滤性能也进行了研究     

侧链液晶冠醚聚硅氧烷的促进传递

着重讨论了PSC-11的促进传递特性。与B15C5对比，由于PSC-11有高的分配系数(LogKc=22)，提高了支撑液膜的稳定性。在支撑液膜中的促进传递结果用1：1载体阳离子络合物讨论。用跳跃传递方式解释了PSC-11在固定位置载体膜中的促进传递，以及分析了PSC-11中液晶基元的外界热调节的相依赖操作系统。