发射分集OFDM系统中的一种维纳LMS信道估计和跟踪算法

针对发射分集的OFDM(orthogonal frequency divided multiplexing)系统,提出了一种维纳LMS信道估计和跟踪算法。该算法利用维纳预测技术提高了跟踪信道变化的能力。仿真结果表明,该算法实现了信道的可靠估计,与传统的LMS算法和LIYe提出的简化信道估计算法相比,性能得到较大的提高,这种性能的提高在信道变化较快的条件下更为明显。     

发射分集OFDM系统中一种基于Turbo迭代的判决反馈信道估计

本文对频率选择性衰落信道条件下发射分集OFDM系统的信道估计进行了研究,提出了一种基于Turbo迭代的判决反馈信道估计方法.该方法充分利用Turbo迭代信息来改善信道估计性能,且因无需求逆运算,使得整个系统的复杂度增加不多.仿真结果表明,所提方法在较高信噪比条件下,明显提高了系统信道估计的性能,且适合于高速移动的信道环境.     

Channel estimation for OFDM systems with transmitter diversity inmobile wireless channels

Transmitter diversity is an effective technique to improve wireless communication performance. In this paper, we investigate transmitter diversity using space-time coding for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems in high-speed wireless data applications. We develop channel parameter estimation approaches, which are crucial for the decoding of the space-time codes, and we derive the MSE bounds of the estimators. The overall receiver performance using such a transmitter diversity scheme is demonstrated by extensive computer simulations. For an OFDM system with two transmitter antennas and two receiver antennas with transmission efficiency as high as 1.475 bits/s/Hz, the required signal-to-noise ratio is only about 7 dB for a 1% bit error rate and 9 dB for a 10% word error rate assuming channels with two-ray, typical urban, and hilly terrain delay profiles, and a 40-Hz Doppler frequency. In summary, with the proposed channel estimator, combining OPDM with transmitter diversity using space-time coding is a promising technique for highly efficient data transmission over mobile wireless channels     

Nondata-aided channel estimation for OFDM systems with space-frequency transmit diversity

This paper proposes a computationally efficient nondata-aided maximum a posteriori (MAP) channel-estimation algorithm focusing on the space-frequency (SF) transmit diversity orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission through frequency-selective channels. The proposed algorithm properly averages out the data sequence and requires a convenient representation of the discrete multipath fading channel based on the Karhunen-Loeve (KL) orthogonal expansion and estimates the complex channel parameters of each subcarrier iteratively, using the expectation maximization (EM) method. To further reduce the computational complexity of the proposed MAP algorithm, the optimal truncation property of the KL expansion is exploited. The performance of the MAP channel estimator is studied based on the evaluation of the modified Cramer-Rao bound (CRB). Simulation results confirm the proposed theoretical analysis and illustrate that the proposed algorithm is capable of tracking fast fading and improving overall performance.     

Data-efficient blind OFDM channel estimation using receiver diversity

We investigate non data-aided channel estimation for cyclically prefixed orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. By exploiting channel diversity using only two receive antennas, a blind deterministic algorithm is proposed. Identifiability conditions are derived that guarantee the perfect channel retrieval in the absence of noise. In the presence of noise, the proposed method has the desired property of being data efficient-only a single OFDM block is needed to achieve good estimation performance for a wide range of SNR values. The algorithm is also robust to input symbols as it does not have any restriction on the input symbols with regard to their constellation or their statistical properties. In addition, this diversity-based algorithm is computationally efficient, and its performance compares favorably to most existing blind algorithms.     

OFDM系统中信道估计方法的研究

LS算法是OFDM系统信道估计方法中计算复杂度最低性能最差的方法.根据有限长度h的能量分布,提出了一种改进算法.通过仿真,与LS算法和性能较好的LMMSE比较,验证了改进后的LS算法性能优于最初的LS算法,并可在实际中得到较好的应用.     

A comparative investigation on channel estimation algorithms for OFDM in mobile communications

A comparative investigation on various channel estimation algorithms for OFDM system in the mobile communication environment is presented and analyzed in terms of computational complexity, mean square error, and bit error rate in this paper. As a result, Wiener filter estimation shows the best error performance. Concerning the computational complexity as well as the performance, however, the piecewise linear estimator is considered as a proper choice when the reference signal spacing is relatively narrow. And the cubic-spline estimator is a good alternative to the Wiener filter estimation if the reference signal spacing is wider than the coherent bandwidth of transmission channel.     

Coded OFDM with transmitter diversity for digital television terrestrial broadcasting

Space-frequency coded (SFC) and channel coded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (COFDM) is considered under narrow-band interference (NBI). Analytical expressions for the bit error probability (BEP) are derived for OFDM with SFC in a frequency-selective fading environment. It is shown that SFC increases the resistance of COFDM against the NBI and reduces the BEP considerably. Specific attention is paid to Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting (DTTB), and the associated coding gains are discussed.     

Comb type pilot aided channel estimation in OFDM systems with transmit diversity

Transmit diversity can be applied to OFDM systems by adopting space time code. Since the received signal is the overlapped signals transmitted from different transmit antennas, channel estimation is a rather challenging task for space time coded OFDM (ST-OFDM) systems. Pilot structure can help the receiver to effectively separate the overlapped signals and perform accurate channel estimation. In this paper, we propose three different channel estimation algorithms based on specially designed comb type pilots inserted in frequency domain. One of our proposed algorithms is performed in frequency domain and the other two are performed in time domain. Such comb type pilot based algorithms can provide higher bandwidth efficiency than common significant-tap-catching algorithm using training block pilots. Numerical analyzes and computational simulation show that our proposed estimation schemes have the same good performance while the time domain methods have relatively simple structure.     

Improved channel estimation with decision feedback for OFDM systems

An improved channel estimation strategy for a continuous orthogonal frequency division multiplexing transmission scheme is presented. Based on feedback from decoding decisions of forward error correction of the information data. No special redundancy such as pilot tones is required     

OFDM channel estimation with dispersive fading channels

In this paper, we studied the channel estimation problem for the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system when the statistics of the multi-path fading channel is not known or partial known. A channel estimation approach based on polynomial approximation of the channel response is proposed. The pilot symbols are periodically inserted the channel responses for entire OFDM data sequence for exploiting channel correlation in both time and frequency domain, which is obtained from a time-variant frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channel model. Simulation shows that the method is robust to different channel statistics. Moreover, a window dimension adaptation algorithm is proposed to adapt the channel estimator to the channel statistics which further improves the robustness of the system.     

Simplified channel estimation for OFDM systems with multipletransmit antennas

Multiple transmit-and-receive antennas can be used in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems to improve communication quality and capacity. In this paper, we present two techniques to improve the performance and reduce the complexity of channel parameter estimation: optimum training-sequence design and simplified channel estimation. The optimal training sequences not only simplify the initial channel estimation, but also attain the best estimation performance. The simplified channel estimation significantly reduces the complexity of the channel estimation at the expense of a negligible performance degradation. The effectiveness of the new techniques is demonstrated through the simulation of an OFDM system with two-transmit and two-receive antennas. The space-time coding with 240 information bits per codeword is used for transmit diversity. From the simulation, the required signal-to-noise ratio is only about 9 dB for a 10% word error rate for a channel with the typical urban- or hilly-terrain delay profile and a 40-Hz Doppler frequency     

A complementary codes pilot-based transmitter diversity technique for OFDM systems

This letter presents a complementary codes pilot-based space-time block code/orthogonal frequency division multiplex (STBC/OFDM) system. In this system, a pair of complementary codes transmitted in a pre-defined order with the OFDM data signals is used as the pilot signals in a two-antenna transmitter diversity system, and used to estimate the channels for optimal data detection at the receiver side. A complete receiver architecture has been designed and Monte Carlo simulations have been used to verify the performance of the system in mobile radio fading channels.     

A reduced complexity channel estimation for OFDM systems withtransmit diversity in mobile wireless channels

A reduced complexity channel estimation for OFDM systems with transmit diversity is proposed by exploiting the correlation of the adjacent subchannel responses. The sizes of the matrix inverse and the FFTs required in the channel estimation at every OFDM data symbol are reduced by half of the existing method for OFDM systems with nonconstant modulus subcarrier symbols or constant modulus subcarrier symbols with some guard tones. The complexity reduction of half FFTs size and some matrix multiplications is still achieved for constant modulus subcarrier symbols with no guard tones. The price for the complexity reduction is a slight BER degradation and for the channels with small relative delay spreads, the BER performance of the reduced complexity method becomes quite comparable to the existing method. An alternative approach for the number of significant taps required in the channel estimation is described which achieves a comparable performance to the case with the known suitable number of significant taps. A simple modification which reduces the lost leakage of the nonsample-spaced channel paths is also proposed. This modification achieves a substantial performance improvement over the existing method without any added complexity     

Frequency-selective multiple-input multiple-output channel estimation with transmitter non-linearities

The authors propose an algorithm based on the knowledge of training sequences to obtain an asymptotically unbiased estimator of non-linear multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels, which involves the radio frequency front-end non-linearity and linear frequency selective MIMO channels. Although the impact of non-linearity in the transmitter side has been widely studied, most work on the channel estimation assumes linear channel models and ignores the non-linear effects. In this study, we develop a nonlinear channel estimator that can simultaneously estimate the linear MIMO channel model and non-linearity of the transmitter is developed. With these two sets of parameters, the non-linear channel model can be fully described. This channel estimation algorithm is implemented over an empirical MIMO channel model using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system.     

Robust channel estimation for OFDM/OQAM

When orthogonal frequency division multiplexing offset-QAM (OFDM/OQAM), termed OQAM in short, was revealed to possess several advantages compared to OFDM, the channel estimation (CE) technique became a crucial issue for OQAM to make a practical sense. Based on the previous proposal on CE of OQAM, this letter addresses the study of a decisive factor that directly determines the CE performance. The idea is to relax the orthogonality constraint of the prototype filter used for transmitting the preamble. This provides a larger degree of freedom for finding a good balance between its time and frequency localization (TL and FL). Two prototype filter design algorithms are proposed and show that the proposed preamble-based CE method can almost attain the perfect CE.     

基于遗传算法的短波OFDM信道估计导频优化方案

短波信道具有时域稀疏性,压缩感知理论应用于短波OFDM信道估计可以改善估计性能以及减少导频开销。然而信道估计性能和信道的可恢复性都与导频的放置有着密切关系,为了进一步提高信道重构精度,本文以最小化测量矩阵的互相关为导频优化目标,提出一种基于遗传算法的导频优化方案,并设计了相应的交叉算子和变异算子,以产生新个体,保证种群的多样性。仿真结果表明,相比随机搜索,该方案可以得到更小的互相关值,更高的重构精度以及更高的频带利用率。     

Parametric channel modeling based OFDM channel estimation

A simplified parametric channel estimation approach was proposed for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） systems. Based on parametric channel model, this algorithm is composed of two parts： the estimation of channel parameters and channel interpolation. The exponentially embedded family （EEF） criterion is exploited to determine the number of channel paths as well as the multipath time delays. Consequently, the channel frequency responses is acquired via the estimated parameters. Additionally, the authors＇ scheme is computationally efficient owing to the needless of the eigenvalue decomposition or the estimation of signal parameters by the rotational invariance technique （ESPRIT）. Simulations are provided to validate the performance of this algorithm from perspectives of the probability of correct estimation and the mean square error （MSE）. It is demonstrated that this approach exhibits a superior performance over the existing algorithms.     

Pilot-symbol aided channel estimation for OFDM with fast fading channels

In this paper, we address the problem of estimating a rapidly-varying channel in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. To handle rapid variation within a transmission block, we propose a novel pilot-based estimation scheme which uses channel interpolation. In addition, we develop a simple Doppler frequency estimation scheme. We show that the proposed scheme has better performance in the high-Doppler frequency by simulations.     

Regression model based channel estimation for OFDM with multiple transmitters

Based on a nonlinear two-dimensional (2-D) regression model, we analyze the OFDM system performance with respect to the operation block size and pilot density. Specifically, we propose a regression model based channel estimation for the OFDM system with multiple transmit antennas. To obtain the proper estimation, we introduce the guidelines for designing pilot values and an expectation-maximization (EM) based solution with lower computation complexity.