PZT95/5铁电陶瓷击穿的统计分析

采用垂直加载冲击波方式实验研究了 PZT95 / 5铁电陶瓷的电击穿现象。对实验数据的统计分析表明 ,PZT95 /5的击穿可用弱点击穿理论解释 ,符合 weibull分布 ,其几何效应参数≈ 2     

不同脉冲电流下水中铜丝电爆炸特性的实验研究

开展了微秒尺度不同脉冲电流下水中金属铜丝电爆炸光辐射与冲击波特性研究。在相同的储能与放电模式下,使用不同上升速率的脉冲电流驱动相同规格的金属丝产生电爆炸,并测量放电过程中的负载电压、回路电流、光辐射强度、时间积分光谱与冲击波压力波形,据此计算了负载沉积能量并重建了冲击波波形。实验结果表明,电流上升速率对电爆炸过程存在显著影响,在500J系统储能、平均上升速率为66.1A/ns与7.7A/ns的脉冲电流作用下负载在电压峰值时刻的沉积能量分别为18.6eV/atom与10.3eV/atom,冲击波峰值压力分别为7.6MPa与7.0MPa。此外,光强–时间曲线表明光辐射峰值出现在放电中后期并持续几十微秒。总体而言,更快电流上升速率下的水中铜丝电爆炸将导致更多能量在电压峰值前沉积,伴随更强的光辐射,并产生具有更高压力峰值且衰减更快的冲击波。本研究对水中金属丝电爆炸伴随效应的研究及其工业应用具有一定参考意义。     

面向化石能源开发的电爆炸冲击波技术研究进展

针对化石能源开发中储层改造技术的局限性,创新性地提出了重复脉冲强冲击波增透储层新技术。分析了水中放电、金属丝电爆炸和电爆炸等离子体驱动含能混合物产生冲击波的3种机理。介绍了冲击波作用储层的机理研究和现场应用结果,从理论、实验和现场实践验证了冲击波技术增透储层的可行性。结果表明,以电爆炸等离子体驱动含能混合物产生更强的和区域可控的冲击波,可针对储层做单点多次、分段式的增透改造,在化石能源开发中的意义重大。     

铜丝电爆炸等离子体对含能材料的驱动特性

水中冲击波技术应用广泛,冲击波的能量和重复频率是其实际应用的重要指标。金属丝电爆炸驱动含能材料的方法,可实现保证重复频率工作的前提下,提高冲击波能量,增强其破坏效应。为此研究了不同系统初始储能下铜丝几何参数对驱动效果的影响,分析了金属丝包覆含能材料后的放电特性,并通过对金属丝放电波形和冲击波波形的对比分析,研究了不同系统初始储能下,铜丝几何参数对驱动效果的影响。研究结果表明:覆于金属丝外部的含能材料会吸收丝爆产生冲击波的能量,从而减小冲击波峰值压力,但会增大冲击波冲量,增强了冲击波的破坏效应;系统储能较低时,存在最优金属丝参数,一定条件下使其对含能材料的驱动效果最佳,产生的冲击波最强;当系统储能较高时,金属丝直径等参数对驱动效果的影响不显著;金属丝电爆炸驱动含能材料的机制可能是强冲击波、等离子体和强辐射等因素的联合作用。     

不同负载尺寸下水中铜丝电爆炸特性的实验研究

水中金属丝电爆炸是获得水下强冲击波的有效方式,在液电成型、非常规天然气开采等领域有重要应用前景。为此基于水中金属丝电爆炸实验平台,在固定初始储能下研究了较大范围内负载直径和长度对水中铜丝电爆炸电学特性和冲击波特性的影响,并研究了不同回路电感和初始储能下匹配模式的负载尺寸,基于实验数据对匹配模式经验公式进行了分析和修正。实验结果表明金属丝直径和长度的改变会显著影响金属丝汽化后的电阻,使电爆炸过程出现不同的放电模式,其中匹配模式能量沉积效率和产生的冲击波近场峰值近乎最高,且一定电路参数对应的负载尺寸唯一;水下丝爆冲击波波前在传播过程中由柱面(近场)向球面(远场)过渡,其峰值压力可近似认为按径向距离的常数幂衰减,不同长度金属丝产生的冲击波随传播距离的衰减快慢不同,基于实验数据给出了衰减指数的经验公式。     

水中铜丝电爆炸激光阴影及流体模拟研究

水中金属丝电爆炸是获得水下强冲击波的有效方式。为此采用双透镜四焦距成像系统减小相差,在保证良好对焦的前提下拍摄了最优放电模式下水中铜丝电爆炸的激光阴影图像,并结合放电电信号波形对其演化过程进行了描述和分析。实验结果表明:金属丝在熔化结束之前产生第1个明显的压力波,该压力波在阴影图像中呈现分层结构,并以接近静水声速的速度传播,其后被主冲击波追赶直至淹没。在汽化阶段,金属丝开始显著膨胀,且早期水流密度分布造成阴影图像边界模糊。爆炸丝及主冲击波均表现出良好的轴向均匀性,边界平滑、整齐。进一步利用流体力学模型对上述丝爆产生冲击波过程进行研究,基于实测爆炸丝膨胀轨迹模拟得到的冲击波传播轨迹与实验结果高度一致;冲击波波形及爆炸丝压力等重要物理信息也可通过模型计算给出。     

贴合材料硬度对 PVDF 薄膜传感器冲击波 测量的影响研究

在人员毁伤效能评估中,体感冲击波值为重要的毁伤判据之一。为提高人员体表冲击波测试的准确性,同时保证传 感器阻抗匹配的优势,提出了一种柔性膜片阻抗匹配下的冲击波测试技术,并对不同硬度的贴合材料对冲击波超压测量的影 响展开了实验研究。首先在刚性表面对聚偏二氟乙烯薄膜(PVDF) 传感器进行了冲击波标定实验,得到了PVDF 传感器力电 响应关系;在此基础上,对4种硬度的聚氨酯橡胶作为贴合材料的PVDF 传感器加载不同强度冲击波,实验结果表明,与 PVDF直接贴合在类生物组织上相比,硬度为50A的贴合材料能够改善横向效应的影响使得传感器灵敏度系数基本保持为 常数,但贴合材料硬度增加为70A 和90A 时测量非线性度分别增加了22.6%与30.2%。     

金属丝电爆炸研究进展-(Ⅱ):水环境

水中金属丝电爆炸在温密等离子体基础研究、强冲击波产生等方面有重要应用,受到研究人员的持续关注。基于大量实验结果及多种精密诊断系统,研究人员对水中金属丝电爆炸的基本物理过程和实验规律有了更深入的认识,并基于此建立了多种仿真模型,取得了一些重要的研究成果。文中在广泛调研国内外现有文献的基础上,描述了水中金属丝电爆炸的电爆炸特性和冲击波特性,分析了丝参数、电参数和水介质参数对于水中金属丝电爆炸的影响规律,总结了水中金属丝电爆炸仿真研究采用的比作用量模型、无量纲模型和磁流体模型,并对水中金属丝阵内爆研究,以及水中金属丝电爆炸在产生强冲击波、制备纳米材料等的应用研究进行了综述。最后指出水中金属丝电爆炸在电爆炸产物的密度和冲击波压力测量、丝爆相变过程和击穿过程等方面还有待深入研究,对今后继续深入开展该领域的研究工作具有一定的借鉴作用。     

液体中金属丝电爆炸的研究现状与展望

液体中金属丝电爆炸(丝爆)不同于介质电击穿过程,涉及复杂金属相变,可产生具有更高能量效率的冲击波,已在化石能源开发等领域取得成功应用,也凸显出在地质勘探、矿山与安全工程等领域的巨大应用潜力.文中回顾了电爆炸冲击波技术的发展历程,基础研究方面分别从丝爆物理过程与冲击波产生机理、测量诊断和评估方法、冲击波特性与影响因素进行...     

给定储能下水中金属丝阵电爆炸冲击波增强的方法

为了解决"总质量上限"对水中丝阵电爆炸冲击波的制约,提出了两种新型丝阵构型,"分裂丝"并联丝阵和"串-并联丝"丝阵.实验发现"分裂丝"丝阵电爆炸冲击波随着"分裂丝"数量增多而显著提高,在200 J的初始储能下,从直径0.2 mm单丝的25 MPa提高到直径0.05 mm 16 丝的91 MPa.借助"分流支路"成功分离...     

Study on properties of Al2O3 whisker reinforced PZT95/5 type ferroelectric transitional ceramics

Abstract

9 Al₂O₃·2B₂O₃ whisker was used to reinforce PZT95/5 type ferroelectric transitional ceramics. The relation between properties (including electric and mechanical properties) and whisker content was studied. Experiment results indicate: Composites with proper whisker content can keep electric properties almost as good as that of base material, while improve mechanical properties effectively. Whisker pulling and bridging play important roles in the process of reinforcing.     

Dielectric and pyroelectric properties of (1 − x)PST-xPZT ferroelectric ceramics

Pb(Sc_1/2Ta_1/2)O₃ (PST) ceramics were investigated greatly in the world for their unique pyroelectric, ferroelectric and dielectric properties and comprehensive applications on uncooled focal plane arrays, infrared detectors and other electronic devices. However, the PST ceramics doped with other perovskite ferroelectrics showed more excellent electrical and electronic properties. In this paper, (1???x)PST-xPZT(PSTZT) ferroelectric ceramics were prepared by conventional solid state process. The experiment results demonstrated that the PSTZT ceramics had pure perovskite phase. The temperature dependence of permittivity of PSTZT ceramics was investigated in detail, which indicated that PSTZT was not a complete diffusive phase transition ferroelectric ceramics. At room temperature, the pyroelectric coefficient of PSTZT (x?=?0.1) ceramics was about 15*10^?8C/(cm² K).     

Resonant frequency temperature coefficients for the piezoelectric resonators working in various vibration modes

Resonant frequency temperature coefficient is dependent on material properties, resonator dimensions and vibration mode. It could be effectively tuned by the resonator dimensions or by the domain structure in ferroelectric crystals. Optimum dimensions for the zero temperature coefficient resonator are calculated for ring radial vibration mode as a function of resonator dimensions (r ₂/r ₁ = 3.8 for hard PZT ceramics, APC841 type). There are similar results of the temperature coefficient calculations for PZT ceramics and crystal resonators. The temperature coefficient is generally smaller for higher overtones of resonant mode.     

Effect of Buffer Layer on the Properties of Laser Ablated PZT Thin Films

Lead zirconate titanate (PbZr _x Ti_1?x O₃) or PZT ceramics are a class of piezoelectric materials that are currently experiencing widespread use in industry as electromechanical devices. PtSi/ZnO/PZT thin films were deposited by pulsed laser deposition at relatively low substrate temperature. The PZT thin films on PtSi substrates and on ZnO buffer layer were deposited at substrate temperature 300°C. The composition analysis shows that the film deposited at low temperature is stoichiometric. The films exhibit ferroelectric nature with coercive field of 19.6 kV/cm for 800 nm thick film. The leakage current density of the films shows a good insulating behavior.     

Piezoelectric and elastic properties of relaxor-like PZT:Ba ceramics

The solid solutions of PbZr_1-xTi_xO₃ (PZT) are the most known and widely applicable piezoelectric ceramic materials. The influence of different dopants on PZT properties has been studied for many years. Some of such compositions have revealed a behavior typical for ferroelectric relaxors. In the case of Pb_0.75Ba_0.25Zr_0.70Ti_0.30O₃ ceramics (abbreviation PBZT 25/70/30), prepared by mixed-oxide processing technique elastic, it was found that macroscopic piezoelectric activity is present far above the temperature at which structural changes and maximum of permittivity occur in unpoled samples (~ 200 °C). Anomalies of the elastic and piezoelectric properties have been observed very clearly near the temperature of 152 °C. Within the temperature range of 152–220 °C, unstable piezoelectric properties have been detected due to the existence of polar micro/nano-clusters and non-trivial elastic-electric interactions between them, through the non-polar paraelectric matrix. The origin of such interactions could be lattice instabilities, dynamic change in polar cluster sizes, and fluctuations in chemical composition. Based on the results of the research, it can be said that PZT ceramics of such composition is a relaxor-like material and it is not a ferroelectric relaxor.     

Preparation of Functionally Graded PZT Ceramics Using Tape Casting

Functionally graded ferroelectric ceramics (FGM) have been fabricated for pyroelectric applications by an aqueous tape casting technology. The FGM produced in this study consisted of a porous Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) tape-cast ceramic, which was made by starch inclusions; sandwiched between two dense PZT layers by stacking and lamination. This paper investigates the effect of porosity on the microstructure and electrical properties of the PZT FGM samples produced. The microstructure of the porous and laminated sintered structures was studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The grain size of the porous layer tended to decrease with increasing corn-starch content. The dielectric constant and pyroelectric coefficient of the FGM both showed decreasing behaviour with increasing porosity.     

Modification of PZT nucleation and growth using oxide layer in multi-layered electrodes

Abstract

The ferroelectric properties of PZT on RuO₂ electrodes were compared to those on RuO₂/Pt electrodes. The better hysteretic properties were obtained from Pt/RuO₂/PZT/RuO₂/Pt ferroelectric capacitors. The enhancement of ferroelectric properties is likely attributed to the modification in the microstructure of PZT film. The interfacial modification would be affected by the factors such as surface roughness, stress, and porosity of RuO₂ film. As the result of the interfacial modification, better quality PZT films are produced, thereby resulting in better ferroelectric properties. We made an effort to understand the relationship between the grain size and the coercive voltage in terms of the domain formation and the domain pinning in connection with defects like grain boundaries.     

Temperature- and dc bias field- dependent piezoelectric effect of soft and hard lead zirconate titanate ceramics

The dc bias field-dependent piezoelectric coefficient d ₃₃ of lead zirconate titanate ceramics (PZT5, PZT8 and P5H) were determined by a quasi-static method. It was found that piezoelectric coefficient d ₃₃ was almost independent of positive dc bias field for PZT8 and PZT5 ceramics, while for P5H ceramic an obvious decrease of coefficient d ₃₃ was observed under positive dc bias field. On the other hand, the temperature-dependent piezoelectric response for PZT ceramics were investigated by both quasi-static and resonance methods. The piezoelectric coefficient d ₃₃ was found to increase with increasing temperature for both PZT5 and PZT8 ceramics. For P5H ceramics, coefficient d ₃₃ showed a first decreasing and then increasing tendency with respect to temperature. These results were discussed in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to piezoelectric response.     

Study on property variation due to the interface between PZT and electrode

Abstract

The ferroelectric capacitors are fabricated using RuO₂/Pt electrode to examine the electrode effect on ferroelectric properties. PZT films are prepared by metalorganic decomposition (MOD) on sputter deposited electrodes. In particular, inductively coupled plasma(ICP) etcher is used to minimize the etching damage. In addition, TiO₂ reaction barrier layer is also employed to retard the degradation of ferroelectric properties due to the reaction between a passivation layer and PZT film. The better hysteretic properties were obtained from Pt/RuO₂/PZT/RuO₂/Pt ferroelectric capacitors. The enhancement of ferroelectric properties is likely attributed to the modification in the microstructure of PZT film. The interfacial modification would be affected by the factors such as surface roughness, stress, and porosity of RuO₂ film. The result implies RuO₂/Pt would be a good electrode for a nonvolatile memory application.