富硼渣制备BN-MgAlON复合粉体热力学研究

以富硼渣和炭黑为主要原料,在热力学分析的基础上,采用碳热还原氮化法制备合成了BN-MgAlON复合粉体.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、能谱分析(EDS)和扫描电镜(SEM)等测定了产物的相组成和显微结构,结果表明,在高纯氮气、1480℃保温8h条件下,富硼渣中的B2O3生成BN,MgO,Al2O3反应生成MgAlON相.反应产物的主要成分为MgAlON,Sialon,CaAl4O7,BN,生成的MgAlON为八面体结晶,发育良好.该工艺为富硼渣的综合利用提供了新的途径.     

高能球磨Al-Y203粉体固相反应制备YAG陶瓷的研究

用高纯Al粉体和Y2O3粉体(Al-Y2O3粉体)为原料采用固相反应法制备了YAG陶瓷. Al-Y2O3粉体高能经过球磨,煅烧生成YAG粉体,再真空烧结制备高致密YAG陶瓷.采用DTA-TG对球磨Al-Y2O3粉体进行分析,采用XRD、SEM对球磨的Al-Y2O3粉体、YAG粉体及YAG陶瓷进行了表征.实验表明:Al-Y2O3粉体在～569℃时,Al粉强烈氧化,并与Y2O3粉反应,600℃煅烧出现YAM相,随煅烧温度升高出现YAP相,1200℃煅烧生成YAG粉体.成型YAG素坯在1750℃保温2h真空烧结出YAG相陶瓷,YAG陶瓷相对密度可达98.6%,晶粒生长均匀,晶粒尺寸为8～10μm.     

利用富硼渣合成MgAlON基复相粉体

以富硼渣为主要原料,碳黑作还原剂,用硅灰和Al(OH)3调整成分,采用碳热还原氮化法合成MgAlON基复合粉体。通过XRD、SEM等检测手段研究了配料中配碳量、MgO添加量对反应过程及产物的影响。结果表明,理论配碳量为比较合适的配碳量;随着配料中MgO含量的增加,产物中MgAlON的含量也逐渐上升,x值为4.5是比较合适的MgO加入量,继续增加MgO含量,MgAlON的含量变化不大,SiAl6O2N6逐渐减少,而CaAl4O7和BN逐渐增加。     

低温制备微晶Al2O3-MgAlON复合材料的反应机理

采用热压烧结,以Al、Al2O3、MgO为原料,在850℃制备微晶Al2O3-MgAlON复合材料。通过XRD、SEM、粒度分析等表征手段对所制备的MgAlON刚玉复合材料进行机理研究发现:在压力存在的情况下,熔融的铝在低温反应过程中对物质的传输和反应的进行起到了"通道"作用,从而使反应能在较低的温度下顺利进行,并使MgAlON的晶粒随温度的升高不断长大。     

Al2O3/Al2O3-ZrO2（3Y）层状纳米复合材料的制备与性能优化

为优化Al2O3层状复合材料的制备工艺及力学性能,选用不同初始粉体为原料制备了系列Al2O3/Al2O3-ZrO2(3Y)层状复合材料。借助X射线衍射、冷场发射扫描电镜和万能试验机等手段,系统考察了粉体结构和形貌对层状复合材料显微结构和性能的影响。结果表明:初始粉体的颗粒尺寸及尺寸分布会显著影响层状复合材料的显微结构及力学性能,以球磨微-纳米复合粉体为原料制备的层状复合材料具有最佳的力学性能,其抗弯强度和断裂功分别可达740MPa及3892J.m-2。同时,材料具有较高的层间结合强度,平行于层方向的抗弯强度高达436MPa。     

Al2O3微粉的表面改性及表征

以α—Al2O3微粉为基体，Y(NO3)3溶液为包裹相，采用液相包裹法进行加钇颗粒表面改性。获得了表面均匀包裹Y2O3的α—Al2O3粉体。将此粉体与Al合金复合制备复合材料，复合材料组织更加均匀，对材料进行力学性能测试，结果表明：改性粉体对Al合金增强效果明显增加，抗拉强度提高27．2％，屈服强度提高33．1％，延伸率提高10．3％。     

工艺参数对富硼渣合成(Ca,Mg)α′-Sialon-AlN-BN的影响

以富硼渣、硅灰、高铝钒土熟料和碳黑为原料,采用碳热还原氮化法合成了(Ca,Mg)α-′Sialon-AlN-BN陶瓷粉体。采用XRD、SEM和EDX对合成粉体的相组成、显微形貌进行表征分析。研究了合成温度和恒温时间对反应过程的影响,并对合成机理进行了探讨。结果表明:合成温度对粉体的合成过程影响显著,随着温度升高,产物中(Ca,Mg)α-′Sialon相含量增大,1480℃时(Ca,Mg)α-′Sialon含量达最大,是最佳的合成温度。恒温时间对产物相组成的影响也很明显,4h以下,产物含有较多的中间过渡相,较长的恒温时间可使还原氮化反应进行得更充分,恒温8h的试样中α-′Sialon含量最高,是较理想的恒温时间。合成过程中SiO的挥发导致试样较大的质量损失,且随着合成温度升高和恒温时间延长而增大。     

富硼渣钠化法制备硼砂的实验研究

采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)方法分析表明,富硼渣中的硼组分主要以Mg2B2O5形式存在,而钠化渣中的硼组分以Na4B2O5和NaBO2晶相形式析出.为提取富硼渣中的硼,考察了热处理温度、碳酸钠加入量、热处理时间、水浸温度等因素对钠化渣中硼浸出率的影响.同时考察了富硼渣中w(Al2O3)、w(CaO)、w(B2O3)、m...     

Y2O3和纳米AlN协同作用对氮化铝陶瓷烧结性能及热传导的影响

在微米氮化铝粉体中添加含量为4%的Y2O3和不同含量的纳米AlN粉体制备氮化铝陶瓷,研究了Y2O3和纳米AlN协同作用对微米氮化铝陶瓷烧结性能和热传导性能的影响。结果表明,Y2O3优先与纳米AlN粉体表面的Al2O3反应生成活性较高的第二相Al5Y3O12,相比于Y2O3与微米AlN粉体表面Al2O3反应生成的Al5Y3O12,具有更低的熔化温度及更好的流动性;同时,纳米AlN粉体的高比表面能也促进氮化铝陶瓷的致密化进程。二者的协同作用有效地促进氮化铝陶瓷的致密烧结,改善第二相的微观分布,从而能在较低的烧结温度下获得具有较高热导率的氮化铝陶瓷。当Y2O3和纳米AlN粉体的添加量(质量分数)分别为4%和1.5%时,在1800℃烧结得到的氮化铝陶瓷密度为3.26 g·cm-3,第二相以连续相的形式分布于氮化铝晶界处,热导率为151.75 W/(m.K)。     

微波辐照对制备Y_3Al_5O_(12)纳米粉体的影响

利用微波均相沉淀法成功制备了纳米级Y3Al5O12粉体。利用XRD技术分析了Y3Al5O12前驱体煅烧过程的物相变化,利用TEM对Y3Al5O12前驱体形貌进行了表征。结果表明:微波辐照能够在低尿素含量(25:1)的条件下,合成单相Y3Al5O12粉体,大大降低了尿素的用量;纯Y3Al5O12相的形成温度有了很大程度的降低,使得合成的前驱体在900℃下煅烧直接生成Y3Al5O12单相粉体;同时发现在密闭条件下的微波特殊效应与非密闭条件下相比具有更好的效果。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.