高岭土生产硫酸铝及沉淀法除铁的研究

对工业品硫酸铝的制备及沉淀法除铁的工艺进行了研究。实验结果表明，硫酸原料的质量分数可提高至６３％，用高锰酸钾作为除铁剂可除去产品中４５％～５０％的铁。     

一种硫酸脲氨化复合肥生产工艺

介绍一种硫酸脲氨化复合肥生产技术。利用硫酸和尿素生成硫酸脲,采用喷浆转鼓造粒生产复合肥。该技术不需干燥工序,可节省原料和能耗,大大降低了投资和生产成本。用此技术改造2条100kt／a复混肥生产线,年新增利税可达708．5万元。     

硫酸铝对水稻恶苗病的防治

室内实验研究结果表明，硫酸铝对水稻恶苗病菌菌丝生长具有较强的抑制作用，菌丝生长的EC50为0．0703％，培养皿硫酸铝质量分数和菌丝生长的直线回归方程：y=-1．5＋2．28x，r=0．92。田间试验结果表明，用质量分数0．5％～1．0％的硫酸铝水溶液浸种48h，对水稻恶苗病具有85％以上的防治效果，而且对水稻生长安全无药害。     

Different additives-substituted α-nickel hydroxide prepared by urea decomposition

Pure Ni(OH)₂, Al-substituted, Co-substituted, Al and Co co-substituted α-Ni(OH)₂ were prepared by homogeneous precipitation from nickel nitrate solution in the presence of urea. The physical properties of the samples with different additives were examined by XRD and SEM. The XRD results show that the Ni(OH)₂ samples with different additives prepared by this method are typical α-phases. The SEM results show that the pure Ni(OH)₂ and Co-substituted sample display spherical particles with some degree of agglomeration. However, Al-substituted sample and Al and Co co-substituted sample are the aggregates of irregularly shaped particles. The results of galvanostatic charge-discharge experiments show that the addition of Co²⁺ decreases the discharge potential, but the addition of Al³⁺ and co-doping of Al³⁺ and Co²⁺ increase the discharge potential. The cycle stability of Al and Co co-substituted α-Ni(OH)₂ is obviously improved compared with Al-substituted α-Ni(OH)₂. The results of diffusion coefficient of proton (DH+) experiment show that the DH+ values at different depth of discharge (DOD) are increased markedly by the doping of Al³⁺ or the co-doping of Al³⁺ and Co²⁺ and decreased by the doping of Co²⁺. The electrochemical transfer resistance (R_t) value of Co-substituted sample increases at first and then decreases with the increase of DOD. However, R_t increases with the increase of DOD for other samples.     

硫酸脲氨化造粒复合肥生产技术

介绍硫酸脲氨化造粒复合肥的生产原理、工艺流程、生产设备,以及生产技术特点.在转鼓蒸汽造粒复混肥生产装置上采用硫酸脲氨化造粒技术改造生产复合肥,投资少,产品物性好,节能效果显著.     

硫酸钠复分解法生产硫酸钾的技术

硫酸钾是一种重要的无氯钾肥。在各种原料和诸多制取方法中以氯化钾和硫酸盐复分解法最为广泛应用。就我国的钾资源和已掌握的技术以及遇到的实际问题,重点叙述了硫酸钠和氯化钾复分解法的有关工艺流程、产品质量、装置规模、连续操作、设备材料和腐蚀等问题,并进行了探讨。     

乙醇介质沉淀法制备纳米氢氧化铝

以乙醇作为反应介质,采用沉淀法制备纳米氢氧化铝粉体,研究反应介质对纳米氢氧化铝的影响.将硝酸铝溶液和氨水依次滴加到无水乙醇中,在60 ℃保温1 h得到纳米氢氧化铝粉体.用TEM,XRD和DSC-TG等手段对产物进行了表征,与相应的水溶液沉淀得到的氢氧化铝做了对比.乙醇介质中反应得到的氢氧化铝粉体晶粒尺寸在50 nm以下,与水溶液中沉淀生成的氢氧化铝相比晶粒尺寸显著减小,热效应温度也略有降低.根据溶液沉淀理论对纳米氢氧化铝的形成机制进行讨论.研究结果表明,以乙醇为反应介质有利于获得晶粒尺寸较小的纳米氢氧化铝粉体.     

Preparation of gelatinous aluminium hydroxide by urea from aqueous solutions containing chloride,nitrate and sulphate of aluminium

The preparation of gelatinous aluminium hydroxide from aqueous solutions containing a mixture of the chloride, nitrate or sulphate of aluminium and urea by heating at 95°C has been investigated under different conditions. The pH value of aqueous solutions, on heating for a given period of time, gradually increases, rises steeply at pH 4.0–7.5 and finally approaches a constant value. The precipitate appears at about pH 7 in the presence of chloride or nitrate ions and about pH 4 in the presence of sulphate ions. Although the gelatinous precipitates in the chloride and nitrate systems are apparently different from the granular, filterable one in the sulphate system, their compositions are not influenced by the species of aluminium salt. The fresh precipitates exist in an amorphous state, and go to pseudoboehmite by ageing. It seems that the amount of pseudoboehmite increases as the concentration of aluminium salt in aqueous solution decreases. However, the transformation from amorphous aluminium hydroxide to pseudoboehmite is reduced in the presence of sulphate ions. Furthermore, it is found that the X-ray diffraction peak for the (200) plane, as an orthorhombic structure, in the pseudoboehmite precipitated from chloride or nitrate solution is more intense than that from sulphate solution.     

Removal of sulfuroxyanions by magnesium aluminium oxides and their thermal decomposition

The behaviour of the removal of the sulfuroxyanions, SO^2?₄, S₂O^2?₃, S₂O^2?₆ and S₄O^2?₆, in aqueous solutions by Mg_0.61Al_0.26□_0.13O (□:vacancy) was investigated at 40–80°C. All the sulfuroxyanions were removed from solution competitively with OH^? to form the hydrotalcite-like compounds. The rate of the removal was first order with respect to the concentration of the sulfuroxyanion in the solution, and the apparent activation energy was about 60 kJ mol^?1. All the sulfuroxyanions intercalated in the interlayer of hydrotalcite structure decomposed to SO^2?₄ at 100–300°C.     

用复分解法生产硫酸钾工艺分析

结合国情分析了复分解法生产硫酸钾工艺的特点 ,认为 :用芒硝和氯化钾反应法前景广阔 ;硫酸铵 氯化钾法虽有诸多优点 ,但难于实现大规模生产 ;硫酸钙 氯化钾法效益显著 ,但技术尚需继续完善 ,以尽早实现工业化。     

MnSO4·H2O热解制备四氧化三锰反应动力学

为了确定空气中硫酸锰分解生成四氧化三锰的机理,用TG-DSC结合XRD分析研究了硫酸锰的热分解行为,用非线性等转化率法和普适积分法研究了硫酸锰脱水和分解过程的反应动力学。研究结果表明,200～400℃之间为MnSO4·H2O脱水阶段,积分动力学机理函数为G(α)=α^3/2, 符合Mampel Power法则,平均表观活化能为117.11 kJ·mol-1;750～1050℃之间为MnSO4的分解阶段,积分动力学机理函数为G(α)=1-(1-α)1/2,符合相边界反应的收缩圆柱体模型,平均表观活化能为226.44 kJ·mol-1,MnSO4等温分解结果与TG-DSC分析结果一致。     

尿素均相沉淀法合成不同形貌氧化钇的研究

以尿素为沉淀剂,氧化钇（粗粉）、浓硝酸为原料,采用均相沉淀法制备超细氧化钇,研究了体系反应温度、pH及不同分散剂对产品形貌的影响。用差热-热重分析仪（TG-DTA）分析前驱物的热分解特性,用X射线衍射仪（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）对样品晶型和微观结构做了表征。结果表明,在不同条件下分别制备出了板状、片状、花絮状、球形的微纳米氧化钇,并结合反应条件对各种形貌形成机理做了初步推断。     

水稀释硫酸铵盐析法纯化卵黄抗体

以人的免疫球蛋白G1(IgG1)为抗原对无特定病原体(SPF)级来航鸡进行免疫,在34周内采集血清并收集所产鸡蛋,采用水稀释硫酸铵盐析法从鸡蛋卵黄中纯化得到了抗人IgG1的鸡卵黄抗体(IgY),测定了纯化工艺中每一步的蛋白收率,并对免疫周期内不同时间卵黄中抗体的质量浓度、亲和能力及特异性进行了考察。结果显示蛋白总收率为4.90%,其中超滤和沉淀是影响总收率的主要因素;血清和卵黄中抗体的质量浓度在第22—23周达到最大值;亲和常数在第8周达到最大,为1.1×109L/mol;IgY抗体与其他种属的IgG抗原不发生结合,是一种高特异性的抗体。该纯化方法不仅能够制备出纯度很高的抗体,而且工艺简单、经济,易于大规模生产。     

伯胺萃取法生产无铁硫酸铝工艺研究

介绍了用伯胺直接从铝土矿的硫酸浸取液中萃取分离铁生产无铁硫酸铝的工艺研究内容和结果,并介绍了工艺技术经济状况。     

硫酸脲复合肥生产技术综论

阐述了硫酸脲复合肥生产过程、生产设备、主辅装置操作控制,并结合多套装置生产实践经验从造粒率、产量、质量、开车率、成本控制、防结块性能、安全环保、节能降耗、生产品种覆盖性等方面对硫酸脲工艺进行了综述,最后与现在主流的氨酸法生产工艺进行了对比。     

硫酸镁直接热解制备氧化镁的研究

利用热重分析-差示扫描量热分析(TG-DSC)和X射线衍射分析法(XRD)分析研究了由氯化镁制得的硫酸镁的脱水与热分解过程。考察了热解温度、热解时间和粒径等因素对无水硫酸镁热分解产生氧化镁的速率的影响。实验表明,七水硫酸镁的脱水过程在60~300℃时完成,无水硫酸镁的热分解在950~1 150℃时完成。通过控制固相分解的工艺条件,可将硫酸镁的脱水和热解阶段分离,无水硫酸镁可直接热解制备高纯氧化镁。利用正交实验优化工艺条件得出,粒径为109μm的硫酸镁在400℃条件下脱水0.5 h,再在坩埚电阻炉中1 100℃恒温热解1 h,可得到质量分数为99.8%的立方晶型高纯氧化镁。     

Solubility of metallic-salt in acid nutrients in acid fertilizer solutions of urea phosphate,urea sulfate and urea nitrate

Solubilities of individual metallic-salt micronutrients were determined at 0°C in saturated acid fertilizer solutions of urea phosphate, urea sulfate, and urea nitrate. By using the acid pH mechanism, less expensive metallic salts can be used with drip irrigation applications to supply specific micronutrient needs to crops.Solubility of the sulfates of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn varied with each acid solution. Solubility of the above sources in the urea sulfate solutions also varied with the amount of sulfate in solution. The solubility of molybdenum decreased with the acidic conditions of the urea nitrate acid solution but appeared to increase for the urea phosphate and urea sulfate acid solutions. Boron was only slightly soluble in all the acid solutions.     

硫酸钙晶体自发沉淀动力学研究

建立了精确测量硫酸钙过饱和溶液在析晶过程中所有离子浓度变化的实验一计算系统。通过测定临界时间与过饱和度之间的关系,得到硫酸钙晶体的表面自由能为21.5mJ/m^2。基于热力学基本理论和经典的沉淀动力学理论,从实验测定值进一步推导出一系列临界状态时的热力学常数。无量纲时间指标Id与时间之间良好的线性关系表明：硫酸钙的析晶过程主要受扩散机制控制。