乳酸菌与酵母菌对牦牛酸乳品质形成的影响

为明确乳酸菌和酵母菌在牦牛酸乳品质形成中发挥的作用,以牦牛乳粉为原料、牦牛酸乳为发酵剂发酵酸乳,在发酵过程中分别抑制乳酸菌和酵母菌的活性,测定并比较正常发酵、抑制乳酸菌发酵、抑制酵母菌发酵酸乳的风味、口感、质构等相关指标。结果表明,乳酸菌和酵母菌对牦牛酸乳品质形成均起到关键作用,乳酸菌对酸乳酸度、质构、氨基酸态氮、有机酸、V_(B1)及酮类和酸类风味物质的贡献较大,酵母菌对乙醇、V_(B2)及醇类和酯类风味物质的贡献较大。     

Antioxidant properties of different milk fermented with lactic acid bacteria and yeast

The antioxidant properties of nine different samples of freshly drawn, pasteurised and UHT milk were examined before and after fermentation with several lactobacilli, individually and in combination with the yeast Saccharomyces boulardii. The results showed no statistical differences for the content in proteins, fats and carbohydrates of the different milk. The antioxidant properties of the unfermented milk were positively affected by the thermal treatment. All samples of fermented milk had a greater antioxidant activity than unfermented but only for the freshly drawn milk that increase was significantly different. The co‐incubation of lactobacilli with the yeast determined a stronger antioxidant activity especially for the freshly drawn milk. The stability of the tested strains during storage in standard conditions was determined in UHT fermented milk to enable a possible use in probiotic food production. The results showed that the yeast incubated with lactobacilli determined an improvement of the viability of bacteria.     

发酵乳中酵母菌和乳酸菌生长的相互影响

探讨了乳酸菌和酵母菌之间的相互作用。在发酵过程中,酿酒酵母对乳酸菌的生长有抑制作用。乳酸菌能促进酿酒酵母和马克思克鲁维酵母的生长。酿酒酵母和乳酸菌共同接种有利于保持产品冷藏期间活菌数的稳定,菌株之间可能存在共生作用。      

奶啤生产中乳酸菌对酵母菌发酵作用的研究

利用乳酸菌和酵母菌的共生作用,对牛乳进行了混合菌种的发酵研究。分析了共生作用对产品pH值、滴定酸度、乙醇含量和α-氨基酸态氮的影响。研究结果表明,乳酸菌的加入不仅可以提高酵母菌的生长速度,而且可以提高产品的风味,奶啤的酒精含量相对啤酒较低,是酒精度较低的健康型饮料。     

藏灵菇源酵母菌和乳酸菌降胆固醇蛋乳发酵饮料的研制

利用藏灵菇中筛选的马克斯克鲁维酵母菌(Kluyveromyces marxianus) M3、干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei) KL1、嗜热链球菌(Streptococcus thermoptilus) Tx、乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种(Lactococcus lactis sub sp.lactis) KS4混合发酵,以鸡蛋和牛奶为原料,研制降胆固醇蛋乳发酵饮料.利用KL1、Tx、KS4这3株乳酸菌进行一次发酵,再利用酵母菌进行二次发酵.采用3因素3水平正交试验优化发酵条件为发酵温度34℃,接种量1％,发酵时间24h.在优化条件下,蛋乳发酵饮料的降低胆固醇率为74.99％,显示藏灵菇源酵母菌M3菌株具有良好的降胆固醇作用.     

核桃乳酸菌饮料的研制

主要通过实验筛选出在核桃、大豆等植物蛋白中适宜生长且产酸产香良好的乳酸菌种,研究出复合植物蛋白原料的最佳配比与最适接种量,经过发酵、调配,研制出品质达标的核桃乳酸菌饮料。     

乳酸菌发酵香蕉酸奶的研究

本研究是将香蕉制汁后和牛奶混合,将嗜热链球菌及保加利亚乳杆菌以１∶１混合作为发酵剂进行乳酸发酵,用Ｌ９（３~４）正交试验得出最佳配料组合,研制出了具有浓郁香蕉风味的乳酸菌发酵酸奶。     

乳酸菌联合酵母菌发酵制备一种新型沙棘酒

该试验采用生物降酸的方式,利用乳酸菌联合酵母的发酵方法,克服传统果酒发酵时间长、发酵不易控制、风味较差等缺点,制备一种新型的适合大众饮用的沙棘酒。通过单因素及正交试验研究接菌量（乳酸菌/酵母菌）、发酵温度及发酵时间对沙棘酒品质的影响。结果表明,当接菌比例（乳酸菌/酵母菌）为3%∶5%,发酵温度为30 ℃,发酵时间为96 h时,所制的沙棘酒感官评分为93分。     

Characterisation of lactic acid bacteria in spontaneously fermented camel milk and selection of strains for fermentation of camel milk

The microbial communities in spontaneously fermented camel milk from Ethiopia were characterised through metagenomic 16S rRNA sequencing and lactic acid bacteria were isolated with the goal of selecting strains suitable as starter cultures. The fermented camel milk microbiota was dominated either by Lactobacillales or by Enterobacteriaceae, depending on incubation temperature and the provider of the milk. Strains of species with a potential use as starter cultures i.e., Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Pediococcus acidilactici, were isolated. Fast acidifiers of camel milk have been isolated from the species of Lc. lactis, P. acidilactici, and Streptococcus infantarius. Gram-negative and potentially pathogenic microorganisms were frequent in spontaneously fermented camel milk, indicating the need for improved hygiene in Ethiopian camel farms. The profiled microbiota of spontaneously fermented camel milk and the isolated LAB strains will significantly contribute towards improving food safety and food security in dry regions that depend on camel milk production.     

西藏乳及发酵乳制品中乳酸菌与酵母菌分布

西藏当地牦牛乳及发酵乳制品中的微生物分布备受科研人员的关注,而且重点多集中在其中的乳酸菌和酵母菌。本文对西藏当地乳及乳制品中乳酸菌与酵母菌的分布做了详细的介绍,包括原料乳、曲拉和藏灵菇乳中的乳酸菌和酵母菌的研究现状,并对今后的发展趋势做了分析。      

Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of fermented milk with lactic acid bacteria

BACKGROUND: Ten strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were investigated for their anti‐Helicobacter pylori effects. The bactericidal activity and organic acid content in spent culture supernatants (SCS) from fermented milk were measured. In addition, the exclusion effect of SCS against H. pylori infection of human gastric epithelial AGS cells was assayed. RESULTS: Three LAB strains, LY1, LY5 and IF22, showed better anti‐Helicobacter effects than the other strains. There were no significant differences in the bactericidal activity of LAB strains between original SCS, artificial SCS and SCS treated by heating or protease digestion. However, neutralised SCS lost this activity. These results suggest that the anti‐H. pylori activity of SCS may be related to the concentration of organic acids and the pH value but not to protein components. In the AGS cell culture test, both fermented LY5‐SCS and artificial LY5‐SCS significantly reduced H. pylori infection and urease activity (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In this study, in vitro methods were used to screen potential probiotics with anti‐H. pylori activity. This may provide an excellent and rapid system for studying probiotics in the functional food and dairy industries. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

The growth and interaction of yeasts and lactic acid bacteria isolated from Zimbabwean naturally fermented milk in UHT milk.

Nine yeast and four lactic acid bacterial strains, previously isolated from Zimbabwean traditionally fermented milk, were inoculated into ultra-high temperature treated (UHT) milk in both single and yeast-lactic acid bacteria co-culture. The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains consisted of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar. diacetylactis C1, L. lactis subsp. lactis Lc39, L. lactis subsp. lactis Lc261 and Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei Lb11. The yeast strains used were Candida kefyr 23, C. lipolytica 57, C. lusitaniae 63, C. lusitaniae 68, C. tropicalis 78, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 71, S. dairenensis 32, C. colliculosa 41 and Dekkera bruxellensis 43. After 48-h fermentation at 25 degrees C, the samples were analysed for pH, viable yeast and bacterial counts, organic acids, volatile organic compounds (VOC) and carbon dioxide. The Lactococcus strains reduced the pH from about 6.6 to between 4.0 and 4.2, while Lb. paracasei subsp. paracasei Lb11 reduced the pH to about 5.4. Most of the yeasts, however, did not affect the final pH of the milk except for C. kefyr 23, which reduced the pH from 6.6 to 5.8. All the Lactococcus strains grew two log cycles during the 48-h fermentation period, while Lb. paracasei subsp. paracasei Lb11 grew about one log cycle. S. cerevisiae 71, C. colliculosa 41 and D. bruxellensis 43 showed poor growth in the milk in both single and co-culture. The other species of yeast grew about two log cycles. Candida colliculosa 41, S. dairenensis 32 and D. bruxellensis 43 showed reduced viability when in co-culture with Lb. paracasei subsp. paracasei Lb11. The samples in which C. kefyr 23 was used were distinct and characterised by large amounts of acetaldehyde, carbon dioxide and ethanol. However, in the samples where S. dairenensis, C. colliculosa, D. bruxellensis, C. lusitaniae, C. tropicalis, C. lipolytica and S. cerevisiae were used in co-culture, the final pH and metabolite content were mainly determined by the correspondin     

南疆传统发酵酸奶中可产生生物膜乳酸菌的筛选及鉴定

为了探索新疆长寿地区传统发酵酸奶中优势乳酸菌的生物膜形成能力,采用纯培养法、96孔微量板定量检测法、扫描电子显微镜观察法及16S rRNA基因序列分析法,对3份阿图什和1份乌什传统发酵酸奶中可产生生物膜的乳酸菌进行了筛选、分子鉴定及生物膜结构图片观察。最终从4份样品中分离出57株乳酸菌,其中38株(73.68%)乳酸菌均有不同程度的生物膜形成能力,16株(28.07%)乳酸菌为强黏附成生物膜菌株、22株(38.59%)为中等黏附成生物膜菌株。分子鉴定实验结果显示,可形成生物膜的乳酸菌共有3个属、6个种,其中16株为Enterococcus durans、1株为Enterococcus faecium、7株为Enterococcus thailandicus、3株为Enterococcus lactis、6株为Lactobacillus plantarum、5株为Streptococcus thermophilus。可产生生物膜乳酸菌中肠球菌(Enterococcus)为优势菌属,其次为乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)和链球菌属(Streptococcus)。     

乳酸菌发酵酸豆奶中不良风味物质研究进展

随着植物基蛋白饮料在国内外的迅速发展,酸豆奶必将进入新时代.酸豆奶是指以大豆为主要原料经过乳酸菌发酵后所得的产品,在植物基蛋白饮料中占有重要地位,良好的气味特征和口感特征对酸豆奶产品来说至关重要,而豆腥味、苦涩味等不良风味的存在限制了酸豆奶的发展.酸豆奶风味物质种类繁多,挥发性风味物质、非挥发性风味物质的成分和含量极大...     

乳酸菌饮料中乳酸菌微生物学检验技术的分析与探讨

只有活性乳酸菌群≥10^6个／mL的乳酸菌饮料，才能真正起到增强机体免疫功能、延缓机体衰老等保健作用，检测活性乳酸菌的含量成为判断产品质量好坏的重要手段。该文通过大量试验，对国标中乳酸菌检验方法中菌落特征及菌体形态的文字描述作了进一步细化、具体化的实物图像补充，从抽象的文字描述转变成更清晰、形象的图像说明，为准确计数乳酸菌总数提供了依据。     

蜂蜜对酸奶生产中乳酸菌生长和产酸能力的影响

在脱脂乳粉制成的全乳固体含量为12%(w/v) 的复原乳中,分别添加5%(w/v)的蔗糖、果糖或蜂蜜,并以不添加甜味剂的复原乳作为对照,经过70℃、15min灭菌,冷却至室温,分别接种唾液链球菌嗜热亚种、德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种和嗜酸乳杆菌,接种量5%(v/v),培养温度37℃,分别在培养初始和经过24h培养时取样,测定其乳酸菌活性、pH值和乳酸含量。结果表明,添加量为5%(w/v)的蜂蜜对于3种乳酸菌均没有抑制作用,是酸奶生产的合适甜味剂。     

发酵羊乳中乳酸菌低产粘菌株的筛选

对从商业乳酸菌发酵剂分离纯化的11株保加利亚乳杆菌和11株嗜热链球菌在发酵羊乳中的粘度进行了研究。结果表明,保加利亚乳杆菌L.b-124菌株和L.b-346菌株、嗜热链球菌S.t-222菌株和S.t-346菌株具有较低的产粘能力,凝乳时间也较短;将L.b-346菌株与S.t-346菌株按杆菌和球菌1:1比例混合后在43℃下发酵羊乳时,可获得较低的发酵粘度。     

传统发酵酸牛奶中乳酸菌多态性分析

以从内蒙古呼伦贝尔市牧区采集的1份传统发酵酸牛奶样品为研究对象,对其进行乳酸菌的分离鉴定。通过传统纯培养法分离出17株菌,并对17株菌进行16SrDNA序列分析、多位点pheS序列分析和生理生化鉴定,鉴定的结果为11株乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种、1株格式乳球菌、1株粪肠球菌、2株植物乳杆菌植物亚种及2株弯曲乳杆菌。乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种为优势菌(占总分离菌株的64.7%)。     

The influence of lactic acid bacteria and yeast on production of staphylococcal enterotoxins

Research of influence of 10 lactic acid bacteria cultures on staphylococcal growth and production of staphylococcal enterotoxins SEA and SEB has shown that lactic acid bacteria slow down SEA in 5,7 fold and SEB - 1,56 fold. All investigated cultures possessed inhibition action on SEA and SEB production. Has been established, what lactic acid bacteria slow down growth of staphylococcus in 1,48 fold. It has shown that appears, that the most effective inhibitors of SEA and SEB production are strains L. casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus 317/402.