数据挖掘技术在我军C4ISR指挥控制系统中的应用

随着军事高科技的发展,信息战成为现代战争的一种主要作战形态。作为军事信息化建设的重要组成部分,C4ISR（指挥、控制、通信、计算机、情报、监视与侦察）系统是实现军事指挥自动化的主要内容。对数据挖掘技术在我军C4ISR指挥控制系统的应用进行了探讨,为部队作战、训练和管理提供智能化的数据分析方法和决策依据。     

Opinion mining based on fuzzy domain ontology and Support Vector Machine: A proposal to automate online review classification

With the explosion of Social media, Opinion mining has been used rapidly in recent years. However, a few studies focused on the precision rate of feature review’s and opinion word’s extraction. These studies do not come with any optimum mechanism of supplying required precision rate for effective opinion mining. Most of these studies are based on Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and classical ontology. These systems are still imperfect for classifying the feature reviews into more degrees of polarity terms (strong negative, negative, neutral, positive and strong positive). Further, the existing classical ontology-based systems cannot extract blurred information from reviews; thus, it provides poor results. In this regard, this paper proposes a robust classification technique for feature review’s identification and semantic knowledge for opinion mining based on SVM and Fuzzy Domain Ontology (FDO). The proposed system retrieves a collection of reviews about hotel and hotel features. The SVM identifies hotel feature reviews and filter out irrelevant reviews (noises) and the FDO is then used to compute the polarity term of each feature. The amalgamation of FDO and SVM significantly increases the precision rate of review’s and opinion word’s extraction and accuracy of opinion mining. The FDO and intelligent prototype are developed using Protégé OWL-2 (Ontology Web Language) tool and JAVA, respectively. The experimental result shows considerable performance improvement in feature review’s classification and opinion mining.     

基于STAGE的指挥自动化系统仿真研究

针对指挥自动化系统（C4ISR）难以进行有效建模与仿真的问题,本文提出一种基于STAGE的战场指挥自动化仿真方法。首先建立装备对抗双方的指挥控制体系结构,然后在装备平台上配置武器装备和传感装备,最后重点对传感器的行为模型及其控制脚本进行开发。基于上述方法,以某红蓝双方的装备对抗为背景,建立C4ISR下装备对抗的模型并进行仿真应用。结果表明,该方法具有合理性.     

基于模糊评判的C~4ISR通信系统效能评估

针对当前C4ISR在炮兵指挥信息系统中作用的不断提高,分析并提出了炮兵C4ISR通信分系统的效能指标体系,利用模糊综合评判方法,定性和定量分析相结合,对该分系统效能进行了静态评估,具有一定的参考价值。     

基于隐马尔可夫模型的招聘网络信息抽取

网络信息抽取是从半结构化的Web海量数据中,按用户要求抽取且形成相关的有效的结构数据处理过程。论文以隐马尔科夫模型（HMM）进行数据抽取中的若干关键问题进行研究,提出了基于数据挖掘聚类的模型合并方法生成隐马尔可夫模型,即可根据数据自动生成HMM,同时对一般的隐马尔可夫模型进行了扩展,为每个抽取域生成一个隐马尔可夫模型,用于获取更多的有用信息。     

A multiple-level linear/linear segmental HMM with a formant-based intermediate layer

A novel multi-level segmented HMM (MSHMM) is presented in which the relationship between symbolic (phonetic) and surface (acoustic) representations of speech is regulated by an intermediate ‘articulatory’ representation. Speech dynamics are characterised as linear trajectories in the articulatory space, which are transformed into the acoustic space using an articulatory-to-acoustic mapping. Recognition is then performed. The results of phonetic classification experiments are presented for monophone and triphone MSHMMs using three formant-based ‘articulatory’ parameterisations and sets of between 1 and 49 linear articulatory-to-acoustic mappings. The NIST Matched Pair Sentence Segment (Word Error) test shows that, for a sufficiently rich combination of articulatory parameterisation and mappings, differences between these results and those obtained with an optimal classifier are not statistically significant. It is also shown that, compared with a conventional HMM, superior performance can be achieved using a MSHMM with 25% fewer parameters.     

事件驱动的指挥自动化对抗仿真软件框架

指挥自动化对抗仿真不同于武器系统的仿真 ,它的核心是信息交互。事件驱动的仿真软件框架为指挥自动化对抗仿真系统的联邦成员开发者封装了原始的应用编程接口 (ApplicationProgrammingInterface ,API) ,提供了安全、便捷的高层功能 ,使得联邦成员开发者可以把精力集中到仿真的功能领域。该文首先分析了指挥自动化对抗仿真的特点。针对这些特点 ,提出了可以很好地适应指挥自动化对抗仿真需求的事件驱动模型。最终以此模型为基础 ,依托高层体系结构 (HighLevelAr chitecture,HLA)及其运行支撑环境 (Run -TimeInfrastructure ,RTI) ,建立起一个典型的事件驱动仿真软件框架     

一种基于无线多媒体传感器网络的C4ISR视频侦察系统

C4ISR（指挥信息系统）在现代信息化作战中正显示出其强大的功能,而其中信息的获取又显得地位尤其突出。从指挥信息系统视频侦察系统的需求出发,利用WMSN（无线多媒体传感器网络）的自组织性、强壮性的特点,设计了一种基于无线多媒体传感器网络的C4ISR视频侦察系统,提出了其网络体系结构,给出了其节点和基站的设计方法和通信协议的实现。     

隐马尔可夫模型在环保档案信息抽取中的应用

面对突出的环境问题,亟需有效的方法从环境保护档案中抽取有用的信息用于支持环境保护等宏观决策。以建设项目环境影响报告书为例,研究如何利用隐马尔可夫模型来抽取建设项目的环境影响评价信息。阐明隐马尔可夫模型的原理与应用情况,分析报告书特点并明确应用模型进行报告书文本信息抽取的基本思想,并给出模型建立和应用的方法及具体步骤。通过实例验证得出,利用隐马尔可夫模型抽取环境保护信息能够获得较高的召回率和精确度,整体效果较好。     

C4ISR/仿真技术参考模型研究

C^4ISR系统与仿真系统是针对不同的需求和不同的用户,由不同的专业组织在不同时期独立开发的,遵循不同的标准和协议,两个系统在结构和功能上必然存在很大的差异和独立性。C^4ISR／仿真技术参考模型是对采用不同技术和标准的C^4ISR系统与仿真系统实施综合信息管理、交互操作的基础,主要解决不同系统间互操作所存在的问题。其对于指导C^4ISR系统与仿真系统的建设有很重要的意义。该文通过对美军的C^4ISR／仿真技术参考模型概念以及几种典型的技术参考模型的研究,希望能指导建立新的技术参考模型成为系统建设的指南,并以此达到为今后不同系统间实现高效的互操作的目的。     

一个基于CORBA的C4ISR安全体系结构实例

C^4ISR是一种类型的电子信息系统，安全可靠是它的生命线。通过分析CORBA及其安全服务，结合C^4ISR系统自身的特点，设计了一个基于CORBA的C^4ISR系统安全体系结构的实例，给出了实现CORBA安全服务以及将其应用到C^4ISR系统安全体系结构中的解决方案。     

指挥自动化系统仿真模型的描述与实现

指挥自动化系统是打赢高技术战争的关键。对指挥自动化系统进行作战效能评估具有重大意义。指挥自动化系统效能仿真与评估将系统、信息、仿真三者有机结合，以指挥自动化系统的支持能力为中心。该文主要研究其中的仿真模型，采用UML中的类图与对象图对指挥自动化系统仿真模型进行描述，并利用C 语言实现了模型描述。     

支持C4ISR系统研究的一种集成建模方法

建模仿真技术是C4ISR体系结构研究、C4ISR系统分析与设计所采用的重要且有效的方法之一。该文介绍了一种应用于C4ISR系统研究的集成建模方法：应用IDEFO建模方法进行CAISR系统的顶层分析与设计研究，并实现IDEFO模型向OOPN模型的转换；然后实现OOPN模型的动态运行，并根据仿真结果，度量、评估顶层分析与设计成果或系统的性能。最后，本文给出集成IDEFO和OOPN的建模仿真方法的一个简单应用示例。     

C4ISR系统信息优势度量研究

信息优势是敌对双方在战场对抗中获取和使用信息的一种优越性,是当前网络中心战和C4ISR系统研究的重要课题.在分析C4ISR系统工作流程的基础上,将信息在物理域、信息域和认知域的转化过程链接起来,形成信息优势价值链;分析了C4ISR系统的信息转换过程,并给出了用信息的完备性、正确性和时效性指标评估信息转换质量的方法;通过定义态势感知,提出一种个体态势感知的评估方法;最后,通过定量描述共享态势感知,建立了信息优势的数学模型.     

The Emerging Governance of E‐Infrastructure

The paper studies the transition to ICT‐based support systems for scientific research. These systems currently attempt the transition from the project stage to the more permanent stage of an infrastructure. The transition leads to several challenges, including in the area of establishing adequate governance regimes, which not all projects master successfully. Studying a set of cases from Europe and America, we look at patterns in the size and scope of the undertakings, embeddedness in user communities, aims and responsibilities, mechanisms of coordination, forms of governance, and time horizon and funding. We find that, though configurations and landscapes are somewhat diverse, successful projects typically follow distinctive paths, either large‐scale or small‐scale, and become what we term ‘stable metaorganizations’ or ‘established communities.’     

混合遗传算法和隐马尔可夫模型的Web信息抽取

传统Web信息抽取的隐马尔可夫模型对初值十分敏感和在实际训练中极易得到局部最优模型参数。提出了一种使用遗传算法优化HMM模型参数的Web信息抽取混合算法。该算法使用实数矩阵编码表示染色体,似然概率值为适应度取值,将GA与Baum-Welch算法相结合对HMM模型参数进行全局优化,并且调整GA-HMM的Baum-Welch算法参数实现Web信息抽取。实验结果表明,新的算法在精确度和召回率指标上比传统HMM具有更好的性能。     

Measuring achievement of ICT competency for students in Korea

In the current information society, the need for securing human resources acquired with ICT competency is becoming a very important issue. In USA, England, Japan, India and Israel improving students’ ICT competency has become a pedagogical issue. Accordingly, education on ICT competency is changing in many countries emphasizing the basis of computer science. The Korean government revised the ICT curriculum of 2001 focused on the basic concepts and principles of computer science as educational policy in 2005. However, it is still difficult to determine a student’s ICT competency level and the outcome of ICT curriculum based on changed direction. Thereupon, this study has developed test tool for measuring the level of Korean elementary school students’ ICT competency based on computer science. In this study, ‘Content’ and ‘Information processing’ are established as the two axes of the test frame standard through literature research, consideration and discussion. The validity and reliability of questions are verified though the preliminary test and the main test tool has completed through question revisions considering the distribution of answers. About 40,000 students, roughly 1% of the total elementary school students, are selected for the main test. There were several findings made in this study. Korea’s elementary school students have a weakness in ‘algorithm and modeling’. Information processing stage has been found to vary by grade. A modified ‘Angoff method’ is used to confirm the spread of the ICT competency levels of the target students. From the results, the cutoff score employed to divide the subjects into three levels, excellent, average and below average, the ratio of excellent levels decreases and the ratio of below average increases in higher grades. To solve these problems, we need to emphasize algorithmic thinking oriented more principal of computer science in ICT curriculum. For more effective ICT elementary education, teaching and learning strategies appropriate for young children to teach computer science should be introduced.     

On exploiting ‘negative’ sensor evidence for target tracking and sensor data fusion

In various applications of target tracking and sensor data fusion all available information related to the sensor systems used and the underlying scenario should be exploited for improving the tracking/fusion results. Besides the individual sensor measurements themselves, this in particular includes the use of more refined models for describing the sensor performance. By incorporating this type of background information into the processing chain, it is possible to exploit ‘negative’ sensor evidence. The notion of ‘negative’ sensor evidence covers the conclusions to be drawn from expected but actually missing sensor measurements for improving the position or velocity estimates of targets under track. Even a failed attempt to detect a target is a useful sensor output, which can be exploited by appropriate sensor models providing background information. The basic idea is illustrated by selected examples taken from more advanced tracking and sensor data fusion applications such as group target tracking, tracking with agile beam radar, ground moving target tracking, or tracking under jamming conditions.     

基于HMM的柯尔克孜语词性标注的研究

柯尔克孜语的语言信息处理研究,对新疆柯尔克孜族是否能跨入信息时代,传承民族文化起着至关重要的作用。采用两级标注法,基于传统的HMM理论,改进了HMM模型参数的计算、数据平滑和未登入词的处理方法,更好地体现了上下文依赖关系。同时,把基于自动分词词典的词干提取算法与规则和统计相结合的方法用于柯尔克孜语的词性标注系统上。相对于传统的HMM,改进后的方法有效提高了准确性。     

基于UML的C4ISR体系结构设计过程

本文以C4ISR体系结构框架2.0为体系结构的描述规范,在分析C4ISR体系结构和我军军事信息系统体系结构的基础上,总结了体系结构设计的主要技术与方法,结合C4ISR体系结构的通用开发过程,提出了基于统一建模语言(UML)的C4ISR体系结构设计过程.并较深入地探讨了在C4ISR体系结构设计过程中用统一建模语言(UML)中的图表进行开发的详细步骤,以及体系结构产品的开发流程.