局部腐蚀对不同热处理状态7055铝合金拉伸性能的影响

通过室温拉伸、金相显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜研究晶间和剥落腐蚀对T6态、RRA态和T73态7055铝合金板材拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:腐蚀后板材的强度和伸长率均降低,但伸长率的降低程度比强度的降低程度更大;剥落腐蚀后的性能降低程度大于晶间腐蚀后的;腐蚀后,RRA态板材的强度最高,T73板材的伸长率最高;剥落腐蚀后的T6态板材拉伸时发生脆性断裂;T6态板材腐蚀后拉伸性能的降低程度最大,RRA态的其次,T73态的最小;板材腐蚀后,表层产生大量腐蚀缺口和沿晶微裂纹,增大拉伸过程的裂纹源数量,降低拉伸性能;晶界上第二相粒子的尺寸、分布状态影响板材腐蚀后的损伤程度,进而影响拉伸性能的下降程度。     

Effect of the austenite stability on the physicomechanical properties of invars strengthened by combined treatments

This work is devoted to the investigation of an N30K10T3 invar alloy with metastable austenite (martensite point M _s ≈ −80°C) and an N40K10T3 invar with stable austenite (M _s < −196°C). The Curie points of the alloys are θ_C ≈ 200 and 310°C, respectively. Effects of aging of preliminarily deformed invars on the hardness, thermal-expansion coefficient, stress-corrosion resistance, and coercive force have been studied. It has been demonstrated that these properties of quenched alloys can be affected by both deformation and decomposition of the supersaturated solid solution. In the metastable alloy, the coefficient of linear expansion depends on temperature and aging time; no such dependence is observed in the stable alloy.     

A principle for producing metastable austenite and controlling its amount and stability in the development of rationally alloyed alloys and strengthening treatments

It is known that martensite can form from austenite in deformation. This has been widely used in strengthening treatment of austenitic steels in the stage of preparing final products. Alhough many publications are devoted to the investigation of metastable austenite, they concern mostly the improvement of the properties of metastable austenitic steels. This article shows the possibility of improving the properties of steels and cast irons of other structural classes by forming a structure of metastable austenite in them. A principle is suggested for the development of new steels on the basis of metastable austenite.     

Effect of combined treatment on the stability of austenite and the mechanical properties of chromium-manganese steels

The phase composition, the stablity of austenite with respect to the γ→α′ transformation under a load, and the mechanical properties in torsion of Cr−Mn steels 17Kh13G7S, 20Kh14G7, and 40Kh14G7 with metastable austenite after straining and heat treatment by various regimes are investigated. Methods for a combined treatment of Cr−Mn steels are suggested in order to provide a high level of their strength and ductility properties. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 1, pp. 18–21, January, 1997.     

不同固溶状态Mg-10Gd-3Y-1.2Zn-0.5Zr合金的力学性能及断裂行为研究

通过在Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.5Zr合金中添加少量Zn制备出一种新型Mg-10Gd-3Y-1.2Zn-0.5Zr合金,并利用扫描电子显微镜、拉伸试验机分析研究Mg合金不同状态下的显微组织、力学性能及断裂行为。结果表明：Mg-10Gd-3Y-1.2Zn -0.5Zr合金在不同的时效状态下,铸态塑性差,T4态塑性好,T6态塑性优于铸态但劣于T4态,且所有样品都是脆性解理断裂为主,晶界和层状相界面比化合物界面结合牢固。通过比较3个不同温度下T6态的力学性能,发现提高固溶温度能提高合金的强度,但延伸率会略降。并且Zn促进层状相生长,但是对基体塑性提高作用有限。     

Microstructure,mechanical behaviour and fracture of pure tungsten wire after different heat treatments

Plastic deformation of tungsten wire is an effective source of toughening tungsten fibre-reinforced tungsten composites (W_f/W) and other tungsten fibre-reinforced composites. To provide a reference for optimization of those composites, unconstrained pure tungsten wire is studied after various heat treatments in terms of microstructure, mechanical behaviour and fracture mode. Recrystallization is already observed at a relatively low temperature of 1273 K due to the large driving force caused by a high dislocation density. Annealing for 30 min at 1900 K also leads to recrystallization, but causes a rather different microstructure. As-fabricated wire and wire recrystallized at 1273 K for 3 h show fine grains with a high aspect ratio and a substantial plastic deformability: a clearly defined tensile strength, high plastic work, similar necking shape, and the characteristic knife-edge-necking of individual grains on the fracture surface. While the wire recrystallized at 1900 K displays large, almost equiaxed grains with low aspect ratios as well as distinct brittle properties. Therefore, it is suggested that a high aspect ratio of the grains is important for the ductile behaviour of tungsten wire and that embrittlement is caused by the loss of the preferable elongated grain structure rather than by recrystallization. In addition, a detailed evaluation of the plastic deformation behaviour during tensile test gives guidance to the design and optimization of tungsten fibre-reinforced composites.     

分级时效对Al-Cu-Li-Mg-Mn-Zr合金微观组织与性能的影响

通过合金室温力学性能测试及时效组织的透射电镜分析,研究了分级时效对Al-Cu-Li-Mg-Mn-Zr合金显微组织与性能的影响.结果表明,经过先低温后高温的三级时效可使合金获得比T6处理更高的强度,且随着第二级时效时间的延长,合金抗拉强度和屈服强度逐渐提高.采用先高温后低温二级时效,可获得较先低温后高温三级时效更高的力学性能,且其强度随第一级高温时效时间的延长而增加,达到T8峰时效的强度水平.合金在先低温后高温时效时,在100℃低温预时效形成GP区,在140℃析出弥散细小的δ'、θ'和T1相并稳定下来,然后在175℃进一步析出长大,从而提高了合金强度.当合金在先高温后低温二次时效时,高温欠时效析出δ'和T1等强化相,然后在140℃较低温度二次析出大量细小弥散的δ'相,产生二次强化效果.     

Effect of the austenitizing temperature on the mechanical properties of steel after standard and thermomechanical treatments

Conclusions An increase of the austenitizing temperature with TMT of secondary-hardening steel 40Kh5MVFS, as in the case of SHT, increases the strength up to a certain limit. The negative influence of the increase in the austenite grain size on the ductility of the steel is smaller in the case of TMT than in SHT.Central Scientific-Research Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 12, pp. 24–27, December, 1969.     

临界退火冷却方式对含铌中锰钢奥氏体稳定性和力学性能的影响

针对含铌中锰钢进行了不同退火温度(700、750和800 ℃)和不同冷却方式(空冷、水冷)下的临界退火试验。结果表明,随着临界退火温度的升高,强塑积和残留奥氏体含量呈现先升高再降低的趋势。在750 ℃临界退火水冷后,试验钢的力学性能最佳,屈服强度达到750 MPa,抗拉强度为1820 MPa,断后伸长率为13.9%。随着临界退火温度升高,试验钢中渗碳体逐渐溶解,基体中C和Mn含量增多,在保温过程中配分进入奥氏体的C和Mn含量增多,导致奥氏体更稳定,残留奥氏体含量增多。当临界退火温度进一步升高,保温时奥氏体含量的增多导致配分进入奥氏体的C和Mn浓度降低,导致奥氏体稳定性降低,在冷却过程中形成大量马氏体。马氏体的增多和大尺寸团簇状(Nb,Mo)C的析出导致800 ℃临界退火后试验钢的高强度和低塑性。在相同临界退火温度下,水冷和空冷后试验钢的相组成相同。在800 ℃临界退火时,两种冷却方式对残留奥氏体含量和力学性能引起的差异最为明显,这与空冷过程中C和Mn向奥氏体配分更充分有关。     

Thermal stability and mechanical properties of Gd-Co-A1 bulk glass alloys

The glass forming ability of Gd-Co-A1 ternary alloy systems with a composition ranging from 50% to 70% （molar fraction） for Gd and from 5% to 40% （molar fraction） for AI were investigated by copper mold casting and Gd60Co25Al15 bulk glass alloy cylinders with the maximum diameter of 5 mm were obtained. The reduced glass transformation temperature （TG/Tm） and the distance of supercooling region ATx are 0.616 and 45 K, respectively for this Gd-Co-A1 alloy. The compressive fracture strength （σf） and elastic modulus （E） of Gd-Co-A1 glassy alloys are 1 170-1 380 MPa and 59-70 GPa, respectively. The Gd-AI-Co bulk glassy alloys with high glass forming ability and good mechanical properties are promising for the future development as a new type function materials.