砂基透水混凝土路面砖胶结料试验研究

研究自主研制的胶结料不同掺量、水灰比、集料级配及灰集比对砂基透水混凝土路面砖强度、透水性的影响,并通过室内试验测试试件保水性、抗冻性、耐磨耗性、抗硫酸盐-干湿循环侵蚀.先将自主研制的胶结料Ⅰ与3种同类型胶结料通过胶砂试验比选.结果表明:胶结料Ⅰ(28 d)抗压强度59.2 MPa、抗折强度9.3 MPa,优于同类型胶结料;胶结料Ⅰ掺砂基透水混凝土路面砖最优掺量为水泥质量的5%,其强度为35.6 MPa,透水系数为3.5×10 -2 cm/s,并具有良好的保水性、抗冻性、耐磨耗性和抗硫酸盐-干湿循环侵蚀性能.     

应用灰色系统理论预测硫酸盐侵蚀环境下混凝土的强度劣化规律及服役寿命

制备了水胶比分别为0.32,0.40和0.48的纯水泥混凝土试件,水胶比0.32,粉煤灰掺量10%或20%的粉煤灰混凝土试件,矿粉掺量15%或30%的矿粉混凝土试件,粉煤灰和早强剂掺量分别为20%和1%的含早强剂粉煤灰混凝土试件,及粉煤灰和矿粉掺量分别为15%和15%的混凝土试件.将混凝土试件暴露于干湿循环-硫酸盐加速侵蚀环境中,测试试件抗压强度的演变规律.采用灰色关联理论研究了硫酸盐浓度、水胶比、矿物掺合料及外加剂等因素对混凝土抗压强度的影响.通过建立多元灰预测模型分析了硫酸盐侵蚀环境下混凝土的强度劣化规律及服役寿命.结果表明:强度影响因素的灰色关联度由大到小的排序为;水胶比,硫酸盐浓度,测试龄期,粉煤灰掺量,矿粉掺量,早强剂掺量.多元灰预测模型呈现出较高的精度以预测硫酸盐侵蚀环境下混凝土的强度劣化规律和服役寿命.     

矿物掺合料对碱式硫酸镁水泥耐硫酸盐腐蚀性能的影响

为了研究粉碱式硫酸镁水泥耐硫酸盐腐蚀性能,对不同材料组成的碱式硫酸镁水泥浸入水和硫酸钠溶液中各龄期抗折强度、抗压强度、质量变化及水化产物进行了分析.结果表明,在0.3 mol/L的硫酸钠溶液试验环境下,掺入粉煤灰对水泥抗折抗蚀性能改善较为显著,而掺入矿渣对水泥抗压抗蚀性能改善较为显著.掺入粉煤灰和矿渣的碱式硫酸镁水泥180 d的抗折抗蚀系数和抗压抗蚀系数与未掺加矿物掺和料的碱式硫酸镁水泥相比分别提高了0.61和0.15;掺入粉煤灰和矿渣的碱式硫酸镁水泥各龄期的吸水率均低于未加外掺料的碱式硫酸镁水泥的吸水率,同时粉煤灰和矿渣的掺入能有效抑制Mg(OH)2晶相的产生.     

塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土抗压强度换算关系试验研究

为了研究塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土的轴心抗压强度(fc)与立方体抗压强度(fcu)的换算关系,通过432个标准棱柱体试件和标准立方体试件研究了塑钢纤维掺量、轻骨料种类和水灰比等影响因素对两种抗压强度关系的影响规律.结果表明:塑钢纤维掺量(5~13 kg/m3)、轻骨料种类和水灰比(0.32~0.4)对轴心抗压强度与立方体抗压强度比值(fc/fcu)无明显影响;经回归分析得到了fc与fcu相关性很好的线性关系方程;基于fc/fcu回归和数学统计分析,塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土fc相对于fcu的换算系数可取为0.80.     

Durability of metakaolin concrete to sulfate attack

This study investigates the effect of metakaolin (MK) replacement of cement on the durability of concrete to sulfate attack. Three MK replacement levels were considered in the study: 5%, 10%, and 15% by weight of cement. The other experimental parameters investigated in the study were: water to binder ratio (0.5 and 0.6), initial moist curing period (3, 7, and 28 days), curing type (moist and autoclaving), and air content (1.5% and 5%). After the specified initial moist curing period, concrete specimens were immersed in 5% sodium sulfate solution for a total period of 18 month. The degree of sulfate attack was evaluated by measuring expansion of concrete prisms, compressive strength reduction of concrete cubes, and visual inspection of concrete specimens to cracks. The study showed that MK replacement of cement increased the sulfate resistance of concrete. The sulfate resistance of MK concrete increased with increasing the MK replacement level. The sulfate resistance of MK concrete at w/b ratio of 0.5 was found higher than that at w/b ratio of 0.6. Autoclaved MK concrete specimens showed superior sulfate resistance compared to moist cured ones. The pore volume of autoclaved MK concrete was found less than that of moist cured MK concrete. The air entrained MK concrete showed higher improvement in the sulfate resistance than the non-air entrained MK concrete. However, the air entrained plain concrete showed lower improvement in the sulfate resistance than the non-air entrained concrete.     

改性木素磺酸盐泵送剂GCL1-3的制备及性能研究

通过研究缓凝高效减水剂GCL1与保水剂、引气剂的配伍性能 ,研制了混凝土泵送剂GCL1- 3。GCL1与保水剂HEC、引气剂复配时 ,改善了水泥净浆的保水性能 ,提高了硬化水泥的早期及后期抗压强度。实验测试了GCL1- 3的水泥净浆流动度、减水率、流动度损失和抗压强度等性能。结果表明 ,当w (水 )∶w(水泥 ) =0 4∶1 0 ,w (GCL1- 3) =0 .5 %时 ,水泥净浆流动度可达2 30mm ,减水率达 18% ,且无离析现象 ;2h内流动度损失仅为 2 4% ,而掺FDN的净浆已经失去流动性 ;w(GCL1- 3) =0 .5 %时 ,水泥净浆硬化 3d、7d、2 8d的抗压强度比分别达 146 %、15 8%与148% ,均高于使用FDN     

Effect of polymer cement modifiers on mechanical and physical properties of polymer-modified mortar using recycled artificial marble waste fine aggregate

Various polymer-modified mortars using recycled artificial marble waste fine aggregate (AMWFA) were prepared and investigated for the purpose of feasibility of recycling. Styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) latex and polyacrylic ester (PAE) emulsion were employed as polymer modifier, and compared each other. The replacement ratio of AMWFA was also changed to investigate the effect of it on physical properties. Adding polymer cement modifier into mortar reduced water–cement ratio, and PAE was the more effective polymer cement modifier to reduce water–cement ratio than SBR. PAE emulsion-modified mortar increased the air content entrained as the proportion of PAE was increased. There was little difference in water absorption between SBR latex and PAE emulsion. The compressive strength decreased in the presence of polymer cement modifiers compared to that of no polymer cement modifiers, but the compressive strength of 20% of polymer–cement ratio was higher than that of 10%. After the hot water resistance test, both compressive strength and flexural strength were decreased.     

硫酸盐侵蚀水泥砂浆动弹性模量的超声检测

用普通硅酸盐水泥,分别配制了水灰比在0．4～0．8范围内的水泥砂浆试件进行硫酸盐加速侵蚀实验。运用超声波技术测定了不同浓度硫酸盐侵蚀下不同水灰比水泥砂浆试件的动弹性模量值,分析了此实验条件下试件动弹性模量随侵蚀时间变化的规律,并对实验结果作了简要的机理分析。结果表明：在硫酸盐侵蚀条件下,水泥砂浆试件的动弹性模量随侵蚀时间首先增大至某一峰值,随后迅速降低或者逐渐缓慢降低。水灰比和硫酸根浓度对动弹性模量的影响只是反映在数值上;硫酸盐对水泥砂浆材料的侵蚀是由表及里的,动弹性模量的演化可以来反映试件整体平均强度的变化,而回弹法测定的抗压强度反映的是试件表面强度的变化。比较而言,动弹性模量的演化在时间上存在着滞后性。试件微观分析及宏观形貌表明：硫酸盐侵蚀条件下,砂浆试件动弹性模量的演化主要是膨胀产物钙矾石等的形成引起砂浆内部微观结构变化的缘故。     

影响水泥抗压强度的成型条件研究

水泥抗压强度的测定过程有成型、养护、破型三个主要环节。各环节的试验条件不同,将直接影响抗压强度的测定结果。研究了水泥试件成型过程中流动度、试件尺寸、表面状态等试验条件对试件抗压强度测定结果的影响。结果表明：在一定范围内水灰比与抗压强度呈正相关关系,即水灰比越大,其流动度越好,抗压强度越高,当超过这个范围后,随着水灰比的增大,抗压强度逐渐减小;随着试件尺寸逐渐变大,抗压强度依次降低;试模涂油量多少不同,导致试件表面状态存在差异,涂油量过多或过少都会使抗压强度的测定结果偏低。     

碳化对镁渣砂浆强度和微观结构的影响

采用CO2养护加速碳化镁渣砂浆,制备了低碳胶凝材料。研究了水灰比和碳化龄期对碳化镁渣砂浆的力学性能及微观结构的影响。结果表明：在CO2浓度为99．9％、压力为0．1 MPa、温度为23℃的碳化养护条件下,水灰比为0．4的镁渣砂浆碳化14 d后,抗压强度是其碳化前强度值的9．9倍,延长碳化时间有利于强度的提高。水灰比对碳化砂浆强度影响显著,低水灰比试件碳化后强度提高更多。通过微观分析发现,碳化养护提高镁渣砂浆强度的原因是,碳化后生成大量的CaCO3,使试件更加致密,孔隙率降低。     

Performance of concretes produced with superplasticizer

Nowadays, additive chemical substances are used in the production of high‐performance concrete composites. These additives increase the fresh workability of concrete by decreasing the water/cement (W/C) ratio. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of water‐soluble polymers on concrete performance. For this purpose concretes with and without additives were produced with W/C values of 0.52, 0.56, and 0.60. Chemical admixtures such as naphthalene formaldehyde sulfonate (N), melamine formaldehyde sulfonate (S), and a hyperplasticizers admixture (a special type of melamine sulfonated polymer) (H) were used in concrete. The amounts of these admixtures were at a ratio of 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0 wt % of the cement's weight. Experiments assessing slump, VeBe, percentage of air, and unit weight were done for comparison with the test results of the characteristics of fresh concrete with and without admixtures. The compressive strength of concretes was determined at 7, 28, and 56 days. The effects of chemical admixtures were studied by comparing the properties of fresh and hardened concrete samples with and without admixtures. When the W/C ratios were 0.56, 0.60, and H was 1 wt %, the biggest slump was obtained and found to be 22 cm. Concrete with a W/C ratio of 0.52 and H of 1% has the highest compressive strength. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3214–3219, 2007     

On the factors influencing the strength of cement compacts

The effects of type of cement, initial water:cement ratio, initial porosity, and curing time on the compressive strength of molded cement pastes are described. The mathematical dependence of the compressive strength on the post-curing porosity, the relationship between compressive strength and splitting tensile strength, and the dependence of both the compressive and the splitting tensile strength on the specimen sizes are discussed.     

玻璃纤维增强碱式硫酸镁水泥制备工艺研究

以玻璃纤维为增强材料,木屑为轻质骨料,碱式硫酸镁水泥为胶凝材料制备了复合板材.研究了水泥的氧化镁活性、摩尔比、水灰比、外加剂掺量、养护温度、玻璃纤维层数对复合板材不同龄期下的抗折强度和抗压强度的影响.研究结果表明,采用a-MgO/MgSO4摩尔比为6.0,水灰比为0.35,木屑掺量为20%,玻璃纤维层数为3时可制备出抗压强度为35.89 MPa,抗折强度为15.6 MPa的复合板材.采用高温养护,可提高复合板材的早期强度.采用XRD、SEM分析了外加剂和养护工艺对水化相组成和形貌的影响.     

功能性苯丙乳液改性水泥基材料的研究

以苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸酯和反应性离子型乳化剂乙烯基磺酸盐、苯乙烯磺酸盐及反应性非离子型乳化剂甲基丙烯酸聚乙二醇酯为原料通过自由基水乳液聚合制备了苯丙共聚物乳液。研究了乳液用量对水泥净浆和水泥砂浆等水泥基材料的减水率、强度、粘接性能和耐水性能的影响。结果表明,共聚物乳液对水泥基材料减水率和粘接性具有大的贡献并具有优良的耐水性,并且对水泥无明显的缓凝作用。水泥净浆和水泥砂浆的减水率分别高达42％和32％。拉伸强度比空白分别增大206％和215％,28d抗压强度分别从65．3MPa增大到83．2MPa和从52．5MPa增大到58．2MPa,砂浆抗折强度从6．8MPa增大至12．5MPa。水泥净浆和水泥砂浆的24h吸水性分别为0．83％和0．33％。     

外加剂和粉煤灰对碱式硫酸镁水泥混凝土性能影响研究

利用碱式硫酸镁水泥制备了不同外加剂和粉煤灰掺量的碱式硫酸镁水泥(BMSC)混凝土.研究了外加剂和粉煤灰对BMSC混凝土抗压强度以及抗硫酸盐腐蚀性能的影响,并对BMSC混凝土物相组成和微观形貌进行了分析.结果表明:掺加外加剂后混凝土的强度有大幅度地提高.当外加剂掺量为水泥质量的0.5%时,混凝土的强度达到最大值;继续增加外加剂掺量,对混凝土的强度影响不大.掺加粉煤灰后,混凝土的强度有所下降.且水灰比一定时,粉煤灰掺量越多,对混凝土的强度越不利.掺加外加剂和粉煤灰后,混凝土的抗硫酸盐腐蚀性能得到了明显的改善;且同等条件下,碱式硫酸镁水泥混凝土抗硫酸盐腐蚀性能优于普通硅酸盐水泥混凝土.     

A new model for the estimation of compressive strength of Portland cement concrete

In this article, on the basis of the existing experimental data, an empirical equation for calculating the compressive strength of Portland cement concrete is developed. The determination of the compressive strengths by the equation described here relies on accurate determination of the water to cement ratio which gives maximum compressive strength and the analysis of its variation with the curing time. The results obtained for the plain (without admixture) and latex modified concretes at the age of 28 days show that this ratio ranges from 0.18 to 0.23. These values are reasonably close to the non-evaporable water content reported for the Portland cement. On the other hand, this range as determined by the above procedure limits the usefulness of the proposed equation for predicting the compressive strength of silica fume blended Portland cement concretes. However, a general method of solving problems of this type allows the determination of upper and lower bounds of this range. This method requires the measurement of at least two compressive strengths corresponding to two different water to cement ratios.     

Effect of large amounts of natural pozzolan addition on properties of blended cements

In this study, the effects of 35, 45, and 55 wt.% natural pozzolan addition on the properties of blended cement pastes and mortars were investigated. Blended cements with 450 m²/kg Blaine fineness were produced from a Turkish volcanic tuff in a laboratory mill by intergrinding portland cement clinker, natural pozzolan, and gypsum. The cements were tested for particle size distribution, setting time, heat of hydration, compressive strength, alkali-silica activity, and sulfate resistance. Cement pastes were tested by TGA for Ca(OH)₂ content and by XRD for the crystalline hydration products. The compressive strength of the mortars made with blended cements containing large amounts of natural pozzolan was lower than that of the portland cement at all tested ages up to 91 days. Blended cements containing large amounts of pozzolan exhibited much less expansion with respect to portland cement in accelerated alkali-silica test and in a 36-week sulfate immersion test.     

干湿循环-硫酸盐侵蚀下矿物掺和料对混凝土耐久性的影响

研究了干湿循环-硫酸盐侵蚀耦合作用下,纯水泥混凝土、粉煤灰掺量10%和20%的粉煤灰混凝土及矿粉掺量15%和30%的矿粉混凝土的质量损失率、抗压强度和氯离子扩散系数的演变规律.采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析研究了侵蚀后试件的微观形貌与物质元素组成.结果表明干湿循环-硫酸盐侵蚀耦合作用下混凝土性能发展分为2个阶段:即侵蚀初期性能的提高段与随后性能的劣化段:矿物掺和料的掺入不能改善混凝土的抗干湿循环-硫酸盐侵蚀性能.     

Effect of the monomer ratio on the properties of poly(methyl methacrylate butyl acrylate) latex‐modified mortars

This article deals with the effect of the monomer ratio on the typical properties of polymer‐modified mortars with poly(methyl methacrylate butyl acrylate) latices. Polymer‐modified mortars, with methyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate copolymer latices of various methyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate ratios, were prepared with different polymer/cement ratios and were tested for their workability, air content, compressive strength, flexural strength, and water absorption. On the basis of the test results, the effects of the monomer ratio and polymer/cement ratio on the typical properties were examined. The properties of the latex‐modified mortars were affected to a great extent by both the monomer ratio and polymer/cement ratio. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 2403–2409, 2004     

Effect of cement types in accelerated compressive strength testing of concrete

Four types of cements, including a shrinkage compensating cement, were used in an investigation to determine their influence on the accelerated compressive strength and modified cube strength. It was concluded that a 24-hour modified boiling water method can be used for estimating the normal 28-day cylinder compressive strength and modified cube strength with a high degree of correlation. It is shown that the type of cement must be considered in order to obtain a higher correlation coefficient and a lower error of estimate. The effect of the w/c ratio on the accelerated strength is also discussed.