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高分子表面活性剂在废水处理中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
高分子表面活性剂作为絮凝剂在废水处理中有着广泛的应用,分别介绍了阳离子高分子絮凝剂、两性高分子絮凝剂、阴离子高分子絮凝剂、非离子高分子絮凝剂作为水处理剂的原理及应用。 相似文献
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叙述了高分子吸附剂、高分子絮凝剂、高分子分离膜,以及抗菌剂、阻垢剂和缓蚀剂等其他水处理辅助剂等应用水处理的若干高分子材料的研究进展,包括它们作用机理、种类、应用范围。提出了该研究领域未来的发展趋势和研究重点,未来高分子水处理剂还需理论研究、性能优化及其实际应用方面等深入挖掘和改进,注重水处理剂制备方法、结构与性能之间相互关系的研究,完善基础研究方能实现技术上的创新和突破;充分发挥高分子材料易于调节、改性的优势,使高分子水处理剂高效化、多功能化;结合环境友好需求与当前行业的水平,以市场规律和产品性价比来推动绿色化高分子水处理剂的推广应用。 相似文献
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纸张增干强剂研究与应用进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
纸张增干强剂的发展经历了从最初的传统植物胶类干强剂,到淀粉类干强剂,再到有机高分子类干强剂;从简单的天然有机高分子类干强剂,到合成的有机高分子类干强剂,再到基于生态安全性的天然改性有机高分子干强剂的发展过程。为了促进纸张干强剂的迅速发展和实际应用,本文综述了纸张干强剂在国内的研究进展与应用现状,重点对淀粉和聚丙烯酰胺两大类增干强剂分别阐述了其特点以及在纸张增强过程中的应用情况,并对其发展方向进行了分析和评价,尤其是针对目前我国增干强剂研究与开发应用中的不足,对今后的研究工作提出了一些建议和设想。 相似文献
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B. M. Dolgonosov T. N. Gubernatorova 《Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering》2007,41(6):868-877
Mechanisms of enzymatic decomposition of an organic substance consisting of fractal macromolecules of different sizes are studied. A kinetic decomposition equation in which the reaction rate coefficient depends on the characteristic of the fractal structure is formulated. The solution for a fraction of macromolecules of the same size and for a mixture of macromolecules of different sizes is analyzed. It is shown that the decomposition kinetics depends on the fractal structure of the macromolecules and the type of their initial distribution by size. Conditions under which the decrease in the concentration of the organic substance obeys the power law are found. The theoretical relations are used for analyzing the literature data on the decomposition kinetics of organic matter in sea sediments in the time interval from several hours to about one million years. It is shown that in this whole interval the concentration decreases with time according to the universal power law with a 0.14 exponent. The kinetics of enzymatic decomposition of lignin (product of the natural decomposition of plant remains or byproduct of wood processing) is also discussed. It is found that the exponent accounting for the concentration decrease is equal to 0.4 to 0.5 for the decomposition of industrial lignin in bulk water and 1 to 2 for its decomposition in the water with bottom sediments. 相似文献
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Seiichi Kawahara Nurul Hayati Yusof Kenshi Noguchi Kenichiro Kosugi Yoshimasa Yamamoto 《Polymer》2014
The outstanding mechanical properties of soft materials i.e. natural rubber are partly due to the organic–inorganic nanomatrix structure because numerous organic microparticles are dispersed in a small amount of an inorganic nanomatrix composed of inorganic nanoparticles and organic macromolecules. Here we form an organic–inorganic nanomatrix using graft-copolymerization of a vinyl monomer with an inorganic oxide precursor onto natural rubber particles with an average diameter of 1 μm dispersed in water. The inorganic oxide precursor is converted into inorganic oxide nanoparticles through hydrolysis and condensation, forming chemical linkages between natural rubber microparticles and inorganic oxide nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy indicates that the organic–inorganic nanomatrix is densely filled with inorganic oxide nanoparticles and the natural rubber microparticles are dispersed in the nanomatrix. This nanomatrix composite realizes both energetic elasticity and entropic elasticity of a soft material, opening a novel field of building block chemistry with respect to a pair of organic microparticles and inorganic nanoparticles. 相似文献
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絮凝剂在水处理中的应用与展望 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
主要探讨了无机絮凝剂中铝盐、铁盐的絮凝机理与应用效果,天然有机高分子絮凝剂中的改性淀粉、改性纤维素、改性木质素及壳聚糖和人造有机高分子絮凝剂在水处理中的应用机理与效果,无机与有机复合絮凝剂的种类、絮凝机理、应用效果。并对无机、有机、无机与有机复合三种类型絮凝剂在水处理中的优缺点与应用现状进行比较,指出复合絮凝剂与天然有机絮凝剂在饮用水处理方面具有良好应用前景。 相似文献
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环氧树脂柔性固化剂研究综述 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
环氧树脂柔性固化剂种类众多,主要介绍改性脂肪族胺、脂环族胺、柔韧性酸酐、聚合物类环氧树脂柔性固化剂研究进展。认为对固化剂分子进行没计,开发合成柔性固化剂来增韧环氧树脂,可提高环氧固化物性能。 相似文献
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《Desalination》2007,202(1-3):9-15
Humic substances (HS) are amorphous organic macromolecules that are responsible for the color of natural water and wastewater effluents. They play an important role in the formation of disinfection by-products. The ultrasonic process is applied as a treatment method to investigate its effect on the TOC removal and the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) during chlorination. It was observed that the metal ions such as Fe(II) and Mn(II) showed catalytic effects while Al(III), Ca(II), and Mg(II) had inhibitory effects on the TOC removal of humic substances in sonochemical reaction with hydrogen peroxide. Experimental results also showed hydrogen peroxide dose affected the formation of disinfection by-products. Chloroform and dichlorobromomethane were formed as major THMs during chlorination. 相似文献
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