手术室护士的职业危害与防护

职业危害是近年来颇受广大医务人员关注的问题,而手术室又是一所医院中的一个特殊工作场所,手术室工作繁重,节奏紧张,而且还是高危区,病毒感染、化学制剂、挥发性麻醉剂对空气的污染,以及电灼、噪音、射线等危害工作人员健康的因素大量存在.仅针刺伤一项,就有20多种血源传播性疾病可能被传染.护士的职业危害可分为生物性危害、化学性危害、物理性危害、运动功能性危害、心理社会性危害[1].手术室护士作为护理队伍中特殊的护理群体,在配合完成麻醉与手术的同时,在做出自我奉献的过程中,自身的安全防护意识应得到重视.     

如何预防手术室护士职业危害因素及做好防护措施

手术室护士由于工作的特殊性,经常接触病人开放性伤口、血液、体液、分泌物等,因此存在着被感染的高度危险.护士应提高自身的防护能力和自身防护意识.才能减少职业危害因素对护理人员造成的损伤,最大限度地保护手术室护士和患者的安全.     

县级医院手术室护士职业危害与防护现状调查

目的 了解县级医院手术室护士职业危害与防护现状.方法 以自制问卷对县级医院手术室107名护士进行书面调查,分析对危害因素的知晓与防护措施执行情况.结果 共收回问卷102份,有效问卷99份,平均知晓率81.67%,防护执行率43.47%.结论 手术室职业危害因素不可避免,需要引起足够重视,加强职业危害因素与防护知识学习,将防护措施落到实处,才能把职业危害降到最低.     

手术室护士的职业危害与自身防护

总结了手术室护士的工作面临着影响身心健康的各种职业危害因素.包括生物因素、物理因素、化学因素、生理心理因素等多方面的危害.认为手术室的护士应努力提高自身素质,对各种危害有一定认识,高度重视身心健康,增强自身防护意识.     

急诊科护士职业暴露及防护措施的研究进展

职业暴露是指因职业关系而暴露在危险因素中,有可能损害健康或危及生命.急诊科护士工作在临床第一线,经常暴露于各种职业性危害因素之中,是职业暴露的高危群体.如何有效降低急诊科护士的职业危害,保证职业安全是亟待解决的问题.为此,国内很多学者进行了积极的探索与研究,现将急诊科护士的职业暴露因素及防护措施研究进展综述如下.     

热喷涂的职业危害与防护措施

热喷涂过程中存在诸多有害因素,可分为烟尘、有毒气体、高温、弧光辐射和噪声等。这些危害因素威胁着生产人员的安全与健康。热喷涂作业时应该结合实际情况,改善劳动条件,采取完善的防护措施,将有害因素的影响减到最小程度,创造出安全的劳动环境。     

手术室供应部去污区工作人员安全防护探讨

加强医务人员对锐器伤害的认识及职业安全防护知识教育,强化手术室供应部去污区工作人员职业感染防护意识,提高职业感染防护行为,严格遵守规章制度和操作规程,是目前预防和减少手术室供应部去污区工作人员职业感染的有效方法.     

露天矿山存在的职业危害及治理措施

对露天矿山存在的职业危害进行了分析,并针对露天矿山存在的有害因素提出了相应的安全措施,以确保将职工的危害程度降到最小。     

重金属污染的危害与防治措施

阐述我国在近些年经济发展中出现的重金属污染事件,找出造成重金属污染的原因以及提出解决重金属污染的防治措施。同时就如何加强环境的保护措施,让我国的有色冶炼行业走绿色冶金之路,实现可持续发展提出建议。     

Skin injury in the operating room

Judge Christian Byk renders service to the Steering Committee on Bioethics of the Council of Europe (CDBI) by proposing a draft of the protocol destined to fill in a gap in international law on the status of the human embryo. This proposal, printed in a previous issue of the Journal of Medical Ethics deserves nevertheless to be questioned on important points. Is Christian Byk proposing to legalise research on human embryos not only in vitro but also in utero?     

Managing rumor and gossip in operating room settings

The unique features of the operating room (OR) make it an ideal setting for the proliferation of gossip and rumor. Although not always negative, these "grapevine" communications can reduce productivity and work satisfaction. Hence, OR managers need to understand these forms of communication and prevent or control their negative consequences. The authors offer suggestions for undertaking this challenge.     

Developing critical pathways for the operating room

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been demonstrated to enhance the survival and process outgrowth of mesencephalic dopamine neurons. A nuclease protection assay was utilized to determine whether GDNF mRNA is expressed in the ventral mesencephalon and/or striatum during normal mouse postnatal development. While no GDNF mRNA was detected in the ventral mesencephalon, expression was detected in the striatum throughout postnatal development and maturity with the peak of expression being in the second postnatal week. In the process of normal aging, no change in the levels of GDNF mRNA was observed in the striatum, while a 10-fold increase in glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) mRNA was detected in 24-month-old relative to either 4.5- or 11-month-old mice. Further analysis addressed whether there are changes in GDNF gene expression associated with the neurodegeneration of dopamine neurons that occurs in the weaver mutant mouse. A transient 65% increase in the expression of GDNF mRNA was observed in weaver mutant striatum on postnatal day 22. The results of this study suggest that GDNF could provide target derived of dopaminergic neurotrophic support and stimulate fiber outgrowth during development and that decreased levels of GDNF expression are not responsible for either aging-associated decreases in dopaminergic neuronal plasticity or neurodegeneration in the weaver mutant mouse.     

Ocular examination cart for the operating room

I modified an office refraction and treatment cart in order to have mobile and convenient ocular examination equipment easily available in the operating room.     

Understanding conscious sedation in the operating room

Conscious sedation is an appropriate choice for patients who do not require a general anesthetic, but rather need sedation to alleviate anxiety, minimize the discomfort of less invasive surgical procedures, or even to tolerate a regional or local anesthetic. New pharmaceutical agents, with their short half lives, provide amnesia, analgesia, and sedation quite safely. This concept, combined with standardized and controlled safety monitoring, offers an anesthetic alternative quite acceptable to many patients and health care providers. Standards and guidelines have been extensively developed by the American Society of Anesthesiologists, and the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists, to set forth a practice for all providers that will promote patient safety and provider vigilance (AANA, 1998). The purpose of this article is to review the process of conscious sedation.     

手术室护理的安全防护与措施

由于手术专业化程度的提高,手术室护理质量需要更高效、高质、高水平的服务,本文结合本人的实践,对手术室安全防护工作提出一点建议.