92例脑卒中患者的康复护理体会

回顾性总结了92例脑卒中患者的康复护理措施,认为患者心理护理、保持良好肢体位置、床上运动训练、感觉训练、语言训练是康复训练的重要内容,还要辅以饮食指导和健康教育.护理人员加强对脑卒中患者的早期康复护理,能够减轻脑卒中所致的残疾程度,提高患者的生活质量.     

脑卒中患者照顾者负担与生活质量的相关性研究

目的 探讨脑卒中患者照顾者负担与生活质量的相关性,为临床护理提供参考依据.方法 分别采用Zarit护理者负担量表(ZBI)和健康调查简易量表(SF-36)评估200例脑卒中患者照顾者负担与生活质量水平.结果 脑卒中患者照顾者的总负担评分为(40.12±14.26)分,有87.0%的脑卒中患者照顾者的总负担评分处于轻、中度水平.脑卒中患者照顾者SF-36各维度评分均明显低于国内常模,均P<0.01.脑卒中患者照顾者负担与生活质量各维度均呈显著负相关,均P<0.01.结论 脑卒中患者照顾者负担与生活质量密切相关.护理人员应针对脑卒中患者照顾者负担的影响因素,减轻脑卒中患者照顾者的照顾负担,全面提高其生活质量,继而提高脑卒中患者的照顾质量,促进其全面康复.     

脑卒中后焦虑障碍和抑郁障碍的影响因素研究

目的 探讨脑卒中后焦虑障碍和抑郁障碍的影响因素.方法 评估360例脑卒中患者的神经功能缺损程度(NIHSS)、日常生活能力(BI)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)及汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分并进行记录.结果 360例患者中,脑卒中后焦虑障碍的发生率为11.7%,抑郁障碍为18.6%.额叶组与非额叶组脑卒中后焦虑和抑郁障碍的发生率比较差异不显著,不同卒中类型间脑卒中后抑郁障碍的发生率比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05),且脑出血组较脑梗死组高(P＜0.05).脑卒中后抑郁障碍组较无抑郁障碍组NIHSS评分高,BI评分低(P＜0.01).脑卒中后焦虑和抑郁障碍患者NIHSS评分、BI评分分别与卧MD评分、HAMA评分呈正、负相关.结论 脑卒中后抑郁障碍与卒中类型、NIHSS评分及BI评分有关.     

减重步行训练在脑卒中偏瘫康复中的临床应用

脑卒中患者的步行功能障碍常严重影响其日常活动和生存质量,是康复训练的重要内容之一.减重步行训练(body weight support treadmill training,BWSTT)是近年来应用于神经康复领域、改善偏瘫患者步行功能的一种新的康复治疗技术.本文旨在简要综述近些年来,减重步行训练在脑卒中偏瘫患者康复中的临床应用情况.     

吞咽障碍患者综合康复训练疗效探究

吞咽障碍是由于下颌、双唇、舌、软腭、咽喉、食管括约肌或食管功能受损导致进食困难,不能安全有效地把食物由口送到胃内以取得足够营养和水分.吞咽障碍是脑卒中患者常见并发症之一,据国外文献报道,其发生率约为22%-65%,国内报道其发生率为62.5%.吞咽障碍可导致脱水,营养不良,吸入性肺炎(可反复发生),甚至窒息死亡.目前有大量研究表明,吞咽康复训练对脑卒中后吞咽障碍具有确切疗效,但康复训练介入时机及方法选择尚无统一标准,故在一定程度上影响了康复疗效的进一步提高.我科于2010年至2011年间采用康复综合训练法治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者,取得满意疗效.现报道如下.     

脑卒中患者的护理体会

脑卒中是由各种不同病因导致的在脑血管壁的病变或血流障碍基础上发生的脑功能障碍.随着我国老年人口比例不断增加,脑血管病的发病率逐年增高,并且呈急性发病,来势凶猛,常常危及生命.对于加强脑卒中患者进行系统单元的护理和康复锻炼,从而减少死亡率、并发症、致残率,在这些方面护理工作起到了非常重要的作用.     

社区护理干预对脑卒中患者家庭康复的影响

目的:探讨社区护理干预对脑卒中患者家庭康复有效性的影响.方法:将出院到社区的80名脑卒中后遗症期患者,随机分为干预组和对照组各40名,对照组患者按出院指导自行康复训练,干预组患者由社区医生、护士在社区或入户按出院指导加个体化家庭康复护理干预方案实施康复护理干预.3个月时评价.结果:两组患者在运动功能恢复,日常生活活动能力和自理能力等生存质量比较有显著差异,干预组患者生活质量得到改善.结论:社区护理干预对脑卒中患者家庭康复有重要意义,能有效改善脑卒中后遗症期患者生活质量.     

中西医综合康复方案治疗急性期脑梗死1例临床观察

脑卒中患者的早期康复介入,要因人而异,并且要讲技术与战略,其方法和技术要遵循人类生长发育的自然规律,要采取科学的抑制脑卒中偏瘫的异常运动模式.现代康复技术与中医康复技术优势互补,可更大程度上促进患者肢体功能的恢复,故提倡在综合性医院的神经科或康复科普及脑卒中早期中西医综合康复治疗,以利于提高脑卒中患者的功能预后.     

对脑卒中偏瘫患者行早期康复护理的临床观察

目的:观察早期康复护理对脑卒中偏瘫肢体功能恢复的情况.方法:对80例脑卒中致偏瘫患者随机分为2组,40例接受常规护理,40例实施早期康复护理.结果:早期康复护理实施组病员患侧肌力恢复明显对照组,后遗症明显少对照组.结论:早期康复护理对脑卒中偏瘫肢体功能恢复起看重要的作用.     

针灸按摩配合康复运动治疗脑卒中的效果观察

目的:探讨早期针灸按摩对脑卒中患者语言不利、半身不遂功能恢复的影响.方法:将96例早期脑卒中患者,分为治疗组和对照组,2组患者均接受常规神经内科治疗和早期康复指导,治疗组在此基础上增加针灸按摩治疗.采用1995年全国第四届脑血管病学术会议通过脑卒中患者临床神经功能缺损程度评分标准,在治疗15天(1个疗程)后,对2组患者治疗效果进行评定.结果:与对照组比较,治疗组的评分效率均优于对照组(P<0.05).结论:早期针灸按摩治疗能有效恢复脑卒中患者语言及肢体活动功能.     

废水循环利用技术在电解锰生产中的实践应用

湿法冶炼电解金属锰生产过程中,需要使用大量的水进行冷却、冲氨、清洗等,水资源消耗量大,同时产生大量的工业废水,对环境保护造成极大的压力。对中信大锰矿业有限责任公司大新电解金属锰厂采用“零排放”废水处理工艺作了介绍,对工业废水实行源头控制、分类处理、循环使用,废水的处理取得了一定效果。     

Effective immunity to dental caries: passive transfer to rats to antibodies to Streptococcus mutans elicits protection

Rat dams, given intravenous injections of heat-killed Streptococcus mutans 6715, mutant C211 demonstrated significant agglutinin activity to the homologous S. mutans in colostrum, milk, and serum. This antibody activity was associated with the immunoglobulin G (IgG) class. High titers of anti-S. mutans antibody associated with the IgG class were also exhibited in the sera and saliva of the offspring that suckled these dams. After challenge with the homologous, live S. mutans, these offspring developed significantly fewer caries on all molar surfaces than did nonimmunized infected controls. A secretory immune response (manifested by the presence of specific IgA antibody to S. mutans in colostrum and milk) was elicited (i) in rat dams locally injected, in the region of the mammary gland, with heat-killed S. mutans antigen, and (ii) in other rat dams that were provided formalin-killed S. mutans in their drinking water. Offspring suckling these dams were challenged with virulent S. mutans before weaning and developed significantly fewer caries than did their infected controls. These findings clearly suggest that passively derived IgG or IgA antibodies to S. mutans are protective against dental caries.     

Counseling patients to quit smoking. What to say, when to say it, and how to use your time to advantage

Helping patients stop smoking is one of the most important--and frustrating--services primary care physicians can provide. Many physicians are reluctant to spend time talking about tobacco use with patients who show little or no interest in changing their habits. Fortunately, specific technique have been identified that can make the task easier. This article from the distinguished Nicotine Dependence Center of the Mayo Clinic looks at the "best practices" for dealing with nicotine dependence.     

Glutamic acid decarboxylase--gene to antigen to disease

Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) enzymes catalyse the formation of gamma-aminobuturic acid (GABA), which is a major transmitter in the central nervous system but also exerts functions in peripheral organs. Recent-molecular analyses have revealed surprising new roles for the GAD isoforms in human diseases of autoimmune character including neurological disorders and insulin-dependent diabetes. In the 1995 Frontiers in Medicine Symposium, the co-authors of this review discussed the genetics, cell biology, molecular immunology and the role of GAD as autoantigens in human autoimmunity. Studies on disease diagnosis, prediction, and prognosis have revealed unique patterns of reactivities in both cellular and humoral immune responses. Further work will be needed to establish whether the GAD molecules can be used to treat autoimmune diseases.     

Reply to Hyman and to Levy.

Replies to the objections of A. Hyman (1981) and S. M. Levy (1981) concerning the author's (see record 1980-10503-001) rejection of psychotherapy as the treatment of choice in health-habit modification (HHM). The case is restated for a shift away from an emphasis on intrapsychic variables in HHM. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Multimedia to teach urology to medical students

OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that an interactive multimedia-based computer application may be used to teach urology to undergraduate medical students. METHODS: Third-year medical students rotating on their urology clerkship were studied. Student knowledge was measured with a multiple choice test administered in a pretest-post-test experimental design. The educational intervention was a multimedia-based application that presented a clinical module on hematuria, using natural language-like entries. Student attitudes toward the multimedia application were assessed by a survey. RESULTS: Twenty-three consecutive third-year medical students participated. Mean pretest and post-test scores +/- standard deviation were 35%+/-11% versus 74%+/-17%, respectively, P<0.0001. Student questionnaire responses indicated highly positive opinions that the multimedia-based module was easy to use, was fun, provided natural patient responses, had clear exercises, provided immediate feedback, was educational, and had a nonthreatening format, and that the multiple choice questions were clear and fair. CONCLUSIONS: Multimedia-based education may be used to teach urology to undergraduate medical students.