回酒发酵法香蕉醋增香工艺研究

采用回酒酒精发酵与醋酸发酵组合工艺,在单因素试验的基础上进行正交试验:结果表明:酒精发酵的最佳工艺条件是接种量为果汁的10%的酒母,初始糖度16%,发酵温度为28℃,发酵时间为3d.回酒发酵时原洒液:果汁按1:4的比例混合较好;醋酸发酵的最佳工艺是初始酒精度为12%vol,醋酸菌接种量为7%,摇床转速(通风量)190r/min,发酵温度30℃,发酵时间为4d.采用回酒发酵与醋酸发酵组合,可以获得香气更加浓郁的香蕉醋.     

响应面法优化马蹄发酵果醋工艺研究

以马蹄为原料,通过响应面法分析探索液态发酵马蹄果酒、果醋的生产工艺条件。结果表明,马蹄酒精发酵的工艺参数为p H 4.5,温度30℃,时间7 d,接种量3%,马蹄酒精发酵酒精度达14.5%;醋酸发酵最佳工艺条件为初始酒精浓度9.9%,转速143 r/min,发酵温度31.8℃,在此条件下,果醋的酸度为5.638 g/100 m L。     

苹果梨酒生产工艺的研究

以苹果梨为原料,研究发酵温度、初始糖度和NaHSO3加入量对苹果梨果酒的影响.结果表明,发酵温度对酒精度和发酵速度均有影响,在糖度一定时,20℃发酵酒精含量最高,25℃时发酵速度最快;温度一定时,初始糖度不同对酒精发酵有很大影响,糖度越高,酒精度越高.NaHSO3加入量为60～80 mg/kg时,酒精含量高于NaHSO3加入量为100 mg/kg时.正交试验得出,最佳发酵条件组合为发酵温度20℃,初始糖度20%,NaHSO3添加量60 m/kg.     

保健型枸杞红枣醋饮的研制

研究了保健型枸杞红枣醋饮的制作工艺。对酒精发酵阶段和醋酸发酵阶段工艺参数进行优化。酒精发酵阶段最佳因素组合为:初始糖含量15%,利用AC酵母发酵,发酵温度26℃;醋酸发酵阶段最佳工艺组合为初始酒度7%,接种量为0.6%,发酵温度32℃,摇床转速为150r/min;采用壳聚糖对果醋的澄清效果较理想,最佳使用量为0.1%;发酵醪中枣汁含量35%,低聚木糖的添加量为1.0g/L,蜂蜜添加量为0.6%时果醋的感官质量最佳。     

枸杞覆盆子果醋生产工艺研究

以枸杞和覆盆子为原料,对枸杞覆盆子果醋生产工艺进行研究。结果表明,枸杞汁和覆盆子汁添加比例为1︰1(m L/m L)。枸杞覆盆子果醋酒精发酵条件为:发酵温度29℃,酵母接种量0.5%,初始糖度17%。枸杞覆盆子果醋醋酸发酵条件为:发酵温度32℃,醋酸菌接种量8%,摇床转速110 r/min,初始p H为5。     

啤酒糟果醋制备及工艺条件优化

以啤酒糟和苹果为原料,采用液态发酵的方法酿造啤酒糟果醋。分别对酒精发酵阶段和醋酸发酵阶段利用单因素和正交实验进行工艺条件优化。结果表明,啤酒糟添加量为1.5%、发酵温度为28 ℃、初始表观糖度为16%、酵母接种量0.6%、初始pH为4.0为酒精发酵的最佳工艺,最终可得到酒精度数为6.5%的啤酒糟果酒;pH为5.5、发酵时间为11 d、醋酸菌接种量为1.0%、发酵温度为32 ℃、摇床转速为120 r/min是醋酸发酵的最佳工艺条件,最终可制得酸度为2.35 g/100 mL的啤酒糟果醋。发酵温度和菌种接种量对酒精发酵和醋酸发酵均是影响较大的因素,对啤酒糟果醋的制备起着重要的作用。     

菊芋果醋发酵工艺研究

以菊芋为主要原料,经酒精发酵、醋酸发酵制得菊芋果醋.研究分析了菊粉酶添加量,醋酸菌接种量、发酵温度、初始pH、通风量对醋酸发酵的影响.试验结果表明:菊芋汁中菊粉酶的添加量为0.15％；醋酸发酵最佳发酵条件为菌种接种量10％,发酵温度36℃,初始pH 5,通风量250 r/min(以摇床转速计)；在最佳发酵工艺条件下醋酸发酵时间为168 h.     

桑葚果醋发酵工艺条件的研究

以桑葚为主要原料,以葡萄酒酵母BM45作为桑葚果醋酒精发酵菌种,通过正交实验确定了桑葚果醋酒精发酵的最佳工艺参数为:总糖含量16g/100mL、接种量3%、发酵温度28℃、SO2添加量40mg/L;以ASl.41醋酸菌作为桑葚果醋醋酸发酵菌种,通过正交实验确定了桑葚果醋醋酸发酵的最佳工艺参数为:接种量10%、搅拌转速80r/min、发酵温度33℃.     

枣酒发酵工艺的研究

以甘肃省特产临泽小枣为原料 ,研究枣酒发酵生产工艺。研究结果表明红枣最适烘烤条件为烘烤温度 12 0℃ ,烘烤时间 15min。采用在含还原糖 10 %的红枣清汁接种发酵 6 0～ 72h后补加白砂糖的发酵工艺。发酵条件为H2 SO3 添加量 10 0mg/L ,干酵母添加量 0 .2 %～ 0 .3% ,发酵温度 2 6～ 2 8℃ ,发酵时间为 6～ 7d。发酵原酒经冷热处理、澄清过滤和后修饰得到酒精含量 >11.5 0 % (v/v)的红枣酒     

银杏叶保健醋发酵工艺研究

以银杏叶、玉米为原料,采用液态发酵法酿制银杏叶保健醋,通过对银杏叶干燥、粉碎、浸提和澄清、酒精发酵、醋酸发酵等工艺的研究,确定了酒精发酵工艺参数,即添加酒精酵母5%,银杏叶浸提液:玉米酒醪为1:2,30℃发酵5d;最适醋酸发酵条件为醋酸菌接种量8%,用NaHCO3调整pH值为6.0,控制通氧量为1:0.2(发酵液的体积:空气的体积),起始酒精度为6%(v/v),摇瓶转速为140r/min,36℃发酵72h。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the