氙灯抽运Nd：GdVO4晶体的脉冲激光性能

利用闪光灯作为抽运源研究了Nd:GdVO4晶体的脉冲激光性能.激光晶体样品尺寸为4 mm×4 mm×6 mm.当输出镜透过率T=15%,抽运能量为 6.32 J时,激光器静态输出能量为 31.7 mJ.对T=7%的输出镜,抽运阈值为 0.13 J.用厚度为 1.5 mm,小信号透过率为 54.7%的Cr4+:YAG晶体片实现了激光器的被动调Q运转,测得动态和静态激光能量输出之比约为1:3.在T=15%的输出镜透过率下,当抽运能量为 3.89 J和 6.32 J时,分别得到了脉冲宽度为 48.0 ns和 39.2 ns的单脉冲输出.     

Er∶YAG固体激光器研究

对Er∶YAG固体激光器进行了深入的理论和实验研究.研制出一台小型化、无水冷、低重复频率、输出中心波长为2.94 μm的激光器样机. 针对Er∶YAG固体激光器的高阈值问题,谐振腔的选择有几种方案.本文采用平-平谐振腔,主要考虑到平-平腔输出的模体积较大,而且便于调节.经过反复计算和实验对比,全反镜最后选定了一种特殊膜.输出镜则采用双膜最佳耦合输出窗.获得了稳定的2.94 μm激光输出,输出能量为焦耳量级,取得了满意的实验结果. 为提高此种激光器的实用性,在激光器的整体设计和调整机构上都尝试创新.通过对激光器的整合,实现了小型化和一体化.激光器尺寸为190 mm×45 mm×35 mm,重约240 g.整机外型尺寸为330 mm×190 mm×110 mm,重约3.5 kg.由于体积小、重量轻、无需水冷、使用方便,故可应用于激光医疗、激光加工、激光测距、科研实验等诸多领域,有广泛的开发前景.(OE12)     

毫米波单片有源混频器的研制

采用OMMIC 0.18μm GaAs pHEMT工艺,研制了毫米波单片有源混频器.该混频器选用单栅极单端FET混频结构.在中频输出端设计了低通滤波器,以提高LO-IF、RF-IF的隔离度.芯片的尺寸仅为0.95mm×1.85mm.在射频频率为39GHz、输出中频频率为3GHz时,该混频器的变频增益为0.6dB,LO-IF隔离度大于55dB,RF-IF的隔离度大于30dB.     

使用格兰-泰勒棱镜偏振耦合的1 kW大功率半导体激光器

大功率量子阱半导体激光器输出为线偏振光,而格兰-泰勒棱镜具有双折射性质,能将两种偏振方向相互垂直的光区分开.如果将格兰-泰勒棱镜反方向使用,则能将两个偏振方向的光耦合输出.使用两个中心波长808 nm,输出功率600 W的半导体激光堆栈,一个堆栈的输出光经过1/2波片后偏振方向旋转90°,另一个堆栈偏振方向保持不变,经过格兰-泰勒棱镜做偏振耦合后合成一束.分别经过快慢轴准直、聚焦和慢轴消球差后输出,其中聚焦镜f=100 mm.在工作电流130 A时,电光转换效率约为43%.使用UFF100激光光束质量诊断仪测量,焦斑呈矩形分布,焦斑面积为0.547 mm×5.0 mm,快轴光参积Kf=26.1 mm·mrad,最大输出功率1 kW,激光器系统工作稳定.     

红光(660 nm)准连续Nd∶YAG内腔倍频激光器

介绍一种准连续Nd∶YAG倍频输出660 nm红光激光器.它采用平-平腔结构,设置声光Q开关,利用KTP晶体在1319 nm Nd∶YAG激光腔内倍频获得660 nm红光输出.最高输出功率,单端输出2 W,双端输出2.5 W. 激光器所用的Φ6×110 mm的Nd∶YAG晶体端面镀1319 nm和660 nm的增透膜.根据有关KTP晶体的相位匹配曲线,选定在波长为1319 nm时匹配方向的晶体角度为:θ=60.7°,Φ=0°.系统选用8 mm×8 mm×8 mm的KTP晶体,两端镀相应波长的增透膜.单端输出时,输出镜镀对660 nm高透射、对1319 nm高反射膜.为抑制1064 nm的生成,全反镜镀对1319 nm高反射而对1064 nm高透射膜.腔内设置镀1319 nm高透射、660 nm高反射膜谐波反射镜,与声光Q开关、聚光腔共同构成谐振腔,工作稳定.换置660 nm输出镜为1319 nm透射率3.74%输出镜,移出KTP晶体,测得1319 nm输出为40 W,估计腔内基频功率与红光输出功率的转换效率为2.6%.还观察到,声光Q开关对红光输出功率的影响很大,在重复频率为9.9 kHz时红光输出功率为最高.双端输出时,将单端输出的全反镜换置为660 nm的输出镜,拆除谐波反射镜,即可实现双端输出.(OC22)     

热畸变对单板条热容激光器输出的影响

开展了激光二极管(LD)抽运的全固态热容激光器的理论与实验研究,数值模拟了在热容工作条件下侧面抽运的Nd∶YAG板条激光器的热透镜效应,分析了热透镜效应对激光输出的影响,并进行了相应的实验论证。实验中采用的晶体尺寸为57mm×40mm×4mm,激光二极管阵列的抽运峰值功率为12kW,重复频率为1kHz,占空比为20%,为了获得较高的增益,将抽运光通过光学系统进行聚焦,抽运光在晶体侧面的光斑大小为15mm×57mm.实验中观察了1s内的脉冲能量输出的波动情况,在开始工作的时候单脉冲能量输出为1J,在1s后单脉冲能量输出下降到开始的50%。     

Nd3+:KGd(WO4)2激光晶体的性能研究

采用熔盐提拉法生长出φ20 mm×60 mm的优质Nd3+:KGd(WO4)2晶体,对晶体三个轴向的光谱进行测试研究表明a轴向的吸收和荧光谱峰最强,最适合于进行激光实验研究.用600 m波长的染料短脉冲(束腰为420μm)激光纵向抽运φ3.5 mm×30mm晶体激光器件,对1352.5 nm激光进行腔内拉曼散射频率自转换,在1539.5 m人眼安全波段实现了44μJ/pulse的激光输出,光-光转换效率为1.26%.用脉冲氙灯抽运φ3.5 mm×26 mm的激光器件,在1.067 μm处得到125.5 mJ的激光输出,激光阈值为≤1.6 mJ.在同等条件下对φ3.5 mm×35 mm的YAG:Nd激光晶体进行了激光实验研究和YAG:Nd3+晶体相比,KGW:Nd3+晶体具有激光阈值低、效率高和输出光为偏振光等优点,因此在小型激光器的应用方面具有明显的优势.     

光纤相位共轭的四通主振荡功率放大器系统实验研究

报道了应用φ100 mm和φ200mm两种芯径光纤作为相位共轭镜时,四通放大主振荡功率放大器(MOPA)系统的SBS能量反射率、稳定性、保真度、输出能量等性能参量的变化趋势.应用φ100mm光纤时四通放大系统最大输出能量为6mJ,可以获得的最大反射率为41%,SBS能量阈值约为0.73 mJ;应用φ200mm光纤时可以获得最大激光输出能量为21mJ,可以获得的最大反射率为37%,SBS能量阈值约为1.1mJ     

接触效应对小型半导体温差发电器性能的影响

针对小型半导体温差(TEG)发电器中接触热阻和接触电阻的影响进行了分析研究.结果表明,接触热阻和接触电阻只在2mm以内的电偶臂长度内有明显影响;在电偶臂长度小于1mm时,输出功率和热电效率均有一个急剧上升的变化阶段;当长度超过5mm后,输出功率和热电效率均趋于定值;在冷热端温度分别为283和383K,Z=0.0024K-1、电偶臂长为2mm、接触热阻比0.2和接触电阻比0.1条件下,热电功率约为4mW/mm2,热电效率约为3.5%,而理想无接触热阻和电阻的热电效率约为4.2%.由此可知,半导体温差发电器中接触热阻和接触电阻的影响不可忽视.     

M2≤1.14的LD抽运的Yb∶YAG微晶片激光器

采用国产1 W的InGaAs激光二极管(LD),掺杂浓度为10 at.-%的Yb∶YAG微晶片(φ5 mm×0.6 mm),室温下获得了输出功率91.5 mW,波长1.049 μm的基模激光连续输出,光束质量M2≤1.14,斜率效率为30%.在晶体制冷情况下,获得了111 mW的激光输出,斜率效率达40%.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.