一种基于弧立源的近场互耦校准方法

本文提出一种适用于均匀线阵的互耦校准方法。该方法中需用一个位于近场的已知源即能实现有效校准，并可推广应用于均匀圆阵。同时，文中还讨论了校准源的位置误差对校准的影响，并分析校准源应选取的最佳方位。最后，对新方法进行仿真验证。     

射电日像仪系统增益校准方法研究

提出了一种基于Y因子法对射电日像仪低频阵天线进行系统增益校准实验,并对校准的基本方法及构架进行了详细介绍,给出了射电日像仪低频阵和高频阵天线阵列的UV覆盖图,并利用宁静太阳作为校准源,采用标校源测试方法,对低频阵天线增益进行了测试标校,并给出了初步结果,同时用数据分析其可行性及校准误差。     

阵列互耦的近场校准方法

本文提出一种适用于均匀线阵和均匀圆阵的互耦校准方法。该方法只需用一个位于近场的已知源即能实现有效校准，并对该方法进行了仿真验证。     

微带有源相控阵互耦效应及校准方法研究

研究了小型微带有源相控阵天线中的互耦效应及其校准问题。分析了阵元间互耦对微带阵列天线阻抗特性和辐射特性的影响,对散射矩阵法在互耦校准中的适用性进行了分析,提出了基于有源方向图的互耦校准方法。仿真分析结果表明,对于强互耦情况下小型微带有源相控阵的校准,散射矩阵法存在较大的误差,而有源方向图法更加有效。     

一种一维相扫数字阵列快速校准方法研究北大核心CSCD

在相控阵天线校准中,常用的平面近场校准方法需要专用的测试场地和设备,效率不高;而“中场法”仅需要在阵面前方不远的距离上放置测试天线,利用相控阵单元可单通道控制的特点,实现快速和高精度校准。“中场法”对场地要求不高,因而获得广泛应用。该方法使用条件是:测试天线相对阵面中心的距离不满足远场条件,但测试天线和阵中单元的距离须满足远场条件。在一些大型的两维阵列,方位面为无源行馈天线,仅在俯仰面电扫,若满足行馈天线的远场条件,则需要较远的距离。文章研究了一维相扫的平面阵的快速校准方法,分析了校准误差分布,并通过远场波瓣验证了该方法的有效性。该方法进一步拓展了“中场法”在相控阵天线校准中的应用。     

基于耦合线的有源相控阵雷达幅相监测校准方法

介绍了采用校准耦合线对有源相控阵单元进行幅相校准的方法,并就监测支路自身的不一致性给于补偿.最后就发射阵的校准精度及校准时间进行了讨论.     

一种相控阵雷达阵面自动校准方法研究

大型有源相控阵天线的阵面有成百上千甚至数万个收发组件和辐射单元,使得相控阵天线比其他类型的天线要复杂得多而难以维护。首先介绍阵面校准的现状,然后通过外校准的方法对阵面进行校准测试。这种方法实现了阵面自动化校准,提高了阵面校准的效率和精度。测试结果显示,辐射单元间的频带内耦合量稳定在 ? 30 ~ ? 70 dB 之间,设计指标和测试结果一致。     

有源相控阵天线的近场校准

为实现对相控阵天线的校准,降低幅相误差和阵元失效对天线性能的影响,提出了一种考虑互耦效应的近场校准方法。在利用近场扫描法完成逐一通道校准的基础上,使用旋转矢量法进行二次校准。在应用旋转矢量法（ REV)时,为使被测信号的变化明显,将大规模相控阵天线分为中间、边缘区域进行分区校准。通过二次校准可判定阵元是否失效,提高相控阵天线的幅相一致性;通过分区校准减小阵元间互耦的影响,缩短校准时间。仿真结果表明：此方法用于大型相控阵的校准具有较高的准确性,可改善校准结果。     

基于压缩感知的阵元位置无源校准及DOA估计

文章针对阵元位置误差导致水听器阵列性能恶化的问题,提出一种适用于均匀线阵列的阵元位置无源校准方法。该方法综合远场阵列模型和宽带信号空间谱的特性,利用压缩感知技术,将阵元实际位置估计问题转化为稀疏信号的重建,建立了阵元位置误差模型,构建了相应的优化函数,并采用正交匹配追踪（Orthogonal Matching Pursuit,OMP）算法解算阵元实际位置。计算机仿真验证表明,基于压缩感知的方法能有效改善阵元位置误差造成的空间谱估计失效问题,可为目标方位角（Direction of Arrival,DOA）估计提供有效的技术支撑。     

相干MIMO雷达关键技术研究

相干MIMO雷达是扩大接收天线口径的有效手段.通过分析,相干MIMO雷达的关键技术主要包括子阵面之间校准技术、栅瓣抑制技术、近场多源定位技术.文中对3大关键技术进行了深入分析,提出了解决途径,并对关键技术的解决途径进行仿真分析和实际工程验证,结果表明该方法是有效的.     

A Novel Online Mutual Coupling Compensation Algorithm for Uniform and Linear Arrays

In this paper, a novel online mutual coupling compensation algorithm especially tailored to uniform and linear arrays is presented. It is conceived to simultaneously compensate for mutual coupling and estimate the direction-of-arrivals (DOAs) of signals impinging on the array since the estimated calibration matrix can be embedded within any classical super-resolution direction-finding method. An alternating minimization procedure based on closed-form solutions is performed to estimate the mutual coupling matrix in the field of complex symmetric Toeplitz matrices. Unlike many existing array calibration methods, it requires neither the presence of calibration sources nor previous calibration information as initialization. Computer simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed technique and prove that the nice statistical properties of classical super-resolution DOA estimation algorithms can be restored despite the presence of mutual coupling     

Sensor Array Calibration in Presence of Mutual Coupling and Gain/Phase Errors by Combining the Spatial-Domain and Time-Domain Waveform Information of the Calibration Sources

This paper is concerned with the maximum-likelihood (ML) calibration methods tailored to the antenna arrays whose spatial responses are perturbed by mutual coupling effects and unknown sensor gain/phase responses. Unlike the existing work, the proposed methods are capable of jointly exploiting the spatial-domain information and time-domain waveform information of the calibration sources. Two kinds of numerical optimization algorithm are devised dependent on different array geometries. One is suitable for arbitrary irregular array manifold, while the other applies to some particular uniform arrays. Additionally, based on the maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) criterion, we extend the two algorithms to the scenario where the true values of the calibration source azimuths deviate slightly from the nominal ones with a priori known Gaussian distribution. The Cramér–Rao bound (CRB) expressions for the unknowns are derived in the absence and presence of the azimuth deviations, respectively. Simulation results support that the performances of the proposed algorithms are preferable to the ones which merely employs the spatial-domain information of the calibration sources, and are able to attain the corresponding CRB.     

Direction finding with unknown array sensor gains and phases

An eigenstructure-based calibration method is presented for an array with unknown sensor gains and phases. The approach requires only one calibration source and a very roughly measured direction of the source. The method can be applied to arrays of arbitrary geometry, and suitable for low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) applications. Computer simulations are presented to assess the performance of the proposed method.     

Applications of cumulants to array processing. IV. Directionfinding in coherent signals case

For pt.III see ibid., vol.45, no.9, p.2253-64, 1997. We present a subspace-based direction finding method for coherent signal environments using an antenna array. Our method, which uses fourth-order statistics, is capable of resolving more signals than a comparable second-order statistics-based subspace method and is applicable to a larger class of arrays. The maximum number of signals resolvable with our method may exceed the number of sensors in the array. Only a uniform linear subarray is needed; the rest of the array may have arbitrary and unknown response and does not require calibration. On the other hand, the comparable second-order statistics-based method is limited to uniform linear arrays only. No search procedure is needed in our method. Simulation experiments supporting our conclusions are provided     

基于加权最小二乘法的红外辐射定标

随着红外物理与红外技术的深入发展,目标的辐射特性测量受到了广泛的重视,红外探测器的辐射定标直接决定了辐射特性测量精度,为此文中建立了辐射定标系统,对3～5μm的红外焦平面阵列相机进行了绝对辐射定标实验。文中给出了辐射定标的数学模型,制定了定标的流程并进行了相应的辐射定标实验;针对红外标准源和环境波动性的影响,提出了加权最小二乘法的辐射定标优化方法;通过外场辐射特性测量实验表明,该方法的反演误差优于4%,提高了辐射定标的精度,结果满足实际工程的需要。     

均匀辐照365nm LED光源设计及其在光刻中的应用

优化设计了365nm紫外LED点光源阵列、聚焦透镜组的排布,实现了高强度均匀辐照的LED面光源。利用优化后的365nm LED面光源进行了接触式曝光光刻实验,所得刻写图形与掩模板图形一致。提出的基于365nm紫外LED阵列均匀辐照面光源的光刻方法具有结构简单、节能、环保等优势。     

基于子空间的阵元间互耦校正方法

本文基于子空间基本原理,提出了一种均匀线阵或均匀圆阵单元间互耦的校正方法.该方法的优点在于只需要一个辅助校正源,并且它的方向可以未知.计算机模拟结果证明了这种方法的正确性和有效性.     

阵列幅度/相位误差的有源校正新方法

实际应用中的阵列存在幅度/相位响应误差,往往导致阵列高分辨算法性能的下降。对此本文给出一种阵列幅度/相位响应误差的有源校正新方法,它基于子空间正交理论,通过对误差建模,将阵列校正问题转换成误差参数估计问题,并利用经典的Lagrange乘子法方便地得到最优解。另外,此方法只需要一个已知方位的校正源,计算简便,无需迭代,可用于阵元位置已知的任意形状的阵列,因此更适用于实际阵列安装应用前的校正。通过半消声室实验对16-元圆环形声阵列进行了测试和校正,数据处理结果表明,本文所提的校正方法能够准确地估计出各阵元幅度/相位误差,且校正前后MVDR (Minimum Variance Distortionless Response) 波束形成的性能得到明显提高。      

A statistical technique for processing radio interferometer data

The output of a radio interferometer is the Fourier transform of the object under investigation. Due to the limited coverage of the Fourier plane the reconstruction of the image of the source is blurred by the beam of the synthesized array. In this paper a maximum-likelihood processing technique is described that uses the statistical properties of the received noise-like signals. This technique has been used extensively in the processing of large aperture seismic arrays. This inversion method results in a synthesized beam that is more uniform, has lower sidelobes, and higher resolution than the normal Fourier transform methods. The maximum-likelihood method (MLM) algorithm was applied successfully to very long baseline (VLB) and short baseline interferometric data.     

A Fast Decoupled Nominal 2-D Direction-of-Arrival Estimation for Coherently Distributed Source

In this paper, we consider the problem of the nominal 2-D (azimuth and elevation) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for coherently distributed source. This new approach is based on the rotation matrices of three parallel uniform linear arrays as deduced, which has decoupled the nominal 2-D DOA from those of angular spreads. The estimator makes use of the eigenvalue decomposition to beamspace data to estimate the nominal elevation DOA. And then using a new cross-correlation matrix, the nominal azimuth DOA estimates are decoupled from the elevation estimates and can be obtained with no searching. The proposed algorithm has lower computational complexity particularly when the radio of array size to the number of source is large, at the expense of negligible performance loss. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.