聚硅酸铝镁-羧甲基纤维素钠复合絮凝剂的制备及应用

以硅酸钠、硫酸铝、硫酸镁、羧甲基纤维素钠为原料,制备了聚硅酸铝镁-羧甲基纤维素钠(PSi AM-CMC)无机-有机复合絮凝剂并应用于模拟的松花江水样的处理。结果表明,在n(Al+Mg)/n(Si)=0.6、n(Mg)∶n(Al)=1∶4、m(CMC)/m(Si)=0.3、羧甲基纤维素钠糊化温度为60℃、p H=2的条件下,制备的PSi AM-CMC对模拟江水的絮凝效果最好,色度、浊度去除率可达98%以上。采用SEM、FTIR、XRD对絮凝剂的结构进行表征,结果表明,PSi AM-CMC不是聚硅酸、金属盐和羧甲基纤维素钠的混合物,而是通过缩聚和配位反应,形成的一种兼具无机和有机絮凝剂优点的物质。     

硼聚硅酸铝铁絮凝剂处理油气田采出水的研究

油气田采出水盐度高、含油高、含菌量大造成了采出水回注困难的问题,文中采用絮凝法进行处理。在常温常压下,利用硅酸钠、硫酸铝、硫酸铁、四硼酸钠制备一种新型无机高分子絮凝剂含硼聚硅酸铝铁(PSAFB),并利用单因素分析法确定了最佳制备条件:n(Fe)/n(Si)=0.3,n(Al)/n(Si)=1.5,n(B)/n(Si)=0.28,硅酸钠的浓度0.5 mol/L。采用最佳条件下制备的絮凝剂处理油气田采出水,得到最佳絮凝剂投加量为25 mL/L,最佳pH值为7.00左右。同时利用X射线衍射,红外光谱分析,扫描电子显微镜,对絮凝剂的形貌结构和絮凝剂机理进行探讨。实验及表征结果表明:PSAFB絮凝剂的原料不是简单地混合,而是形成无定型的大分子聚合物,因此PSAFB絮凝剂具有很好的稳定性,对油气田采出水有优良的处理效果,且是一种较传统絮凝剂聚硅酸氯化铁(PFC)、聚硅酸氯化铝(PAC)、聚硅酸铝铁(PSAF)优良的絮凝剂。     

PSAZ-CTS的制备及对松花江水的絮凝效果

以硅酸钠、硫酸锌、硫酸铝、壳聚糖为原料制备了聚硅酸铝镁-壳聚糖(PSAZ-CTS)复合型絮凝剂,并对其制备条件进行优化。结果表明,当n(Al+Zn)/n(Si)=1.0,n(Al)/n(Zn)=5,(Al+Zn)与壳聚糖的质量比为4,反应温度为40℃,pH=1.40时,制备的PSAZ-CTS复合絮凝剂对于松花江江水净水效果良好,特别是能够处理低温松花江水。最后采用扫描电镜对PSAZ-CTS进行表征分析。     

新型复合聚硅酸硫氯化铝铁絮凝剂的制备

以粉煤灰为主要原料制备聚硅酸硫氯化铝铁(PSiAFCS)新型无机高分子絮凝剂,探讨了其优化制备条件,并对该絮凝剂的X-射线衍射进行了分析,比较了该絮凝剂和聚氯化铝(PAC)、聚硅酸氯化铝铁(PSiAFC)絮凝剂对赣江水样的净化效果.结果表明,在n(A1):n(SO42-)=11:1、n(Al+Fe):n(Si)=10:1、聚合温度60℃、熟化时间24 h的优化制备条件下制得的PSiAFCS具有优良的絮凝性能,其除浊效果优于其他絮凝剂.     

聚硅酸聚合氯化铝的制备及性能研究

以废酸和钙粉为原料,制备了聚硅酸聚合氯化铝复合型絮凝剂(PSAC),利用正交实验方法考察了聚铝(PAC)中铝含量、聚合硅酸含量、聚硅酸pH值、n(Al)/n(Si)及复合熟化时间对PSAC絮凝性能的影响。实验结果表明,当n(Al)/n(Si)=13:1,PAC中Al3+的含量(以Al2O3质量分数计)为9%,复合时间为1 h时,研制的PSAC对工业污水具有最佳处理效果,并具有较宽的pH值使用范围。     

环保型PSiAT-CMC复合絮凝剂的制备及净水性能研究

再以硅酸钠、硫酸铝、硫酸钛、羧甲基纤维素为原料制备聚硅酸铝钛-纤维素(PSiAT-CMC)絮凝剂,通过单因素实验方法考察了n(Al+Ti)/n(Si)、n(Ti)/n(Al)、m(CMC)/m(Si)及投加量的最佳值。采用扫描电镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析对絮凝剂进行表征,并与聚硅酸铝进行了絮凝效果对比。实验证明纤维素与聚硅酸铝钛盐成功复合,PSiAT-CMC复合絮凝剂扩大了絮凝剂适用范围,提高了稳定性及絮凝性能。     

几种聚硅酸铝-多糖复合絮凝剂的性能比较

以硅酸钠、硫酸铝、壳聚糖(CTS)/食用淀粉(St)/羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)为主要原料制备了3种新型的有机-无机复合絮凝剂,使用扫描电镜对聚硅酸铝-壳聚糖(PSi Al-CTS)、聚硅酸铝-淀粉(PSi Al-St)、聚硅酸铝-纤维素(PSi Al-CMC)的微观形貌结构特征进行了研究,分别考察了几种絮凝剂在絮凝过程中水样温度、水样p H、沉淀时间和投加量对模拟江水水样絮凝效果的影响,最后讨论了3种絮凝剂在性能及经济效益上的差异,结果表明,聚硅酸铝-纤维素的絮凝性能最好,最高除浊率可达97.84%,生产1 t聚硅酸铝-纤维素絮凝剂的原料成本最少,为56.17元。     

硼改性聚硅酸铝钛的制备及絮凝性能研究

以硅酸钠、硫酸铝、硫酸钛、四硼酸钠为原料制备了无机高分子絮凝剂硼改性聚硅酸铝钛(B-PSATi)。以高岭土-腐植酸钠配制模拟水样,通过单因素实验确定了最佳制备条件,在pH 2.5、n(Al+Ti)∶n(Si)=0.6、n(Al)∶n(Ti)=8∶2、n(B)∶n(Si)=0.05时,B-PSATi絮凝剂对模拟水样的絮凝效果最佳,浊度去除率和色度去除率可达97.56%和98.08%。通过XRD、SEM及EDS能谱对其结构进行了表征。结果表明,B-PSATi絮凝剂是一种结构紧实的无定形聚合物。对B-PSATi的絮凝条件进行了优化,其最佳絮凝剂剂量为0.5 mL/L,最佳pH 7～9。     

新型聚硅酸铝锌-淀粉复合絮凝剂的制备及其表征

以聚硅酸(PSi)、硫酸铝、硫酸锌、食用淀粉(St)为主要原料制备一种新型有机-无机复合絮凝剂--聚硅酸铝锌-淀粉(PSiAZ-St).采用红外光谱、扫描电镜和X-射线衍射分析手段对絮凝剂产品的结构特征进行了表征.研究结果证明:淀粉与聚硅酸金属盐复合成功,并增强了聚硅酸金属盐的性能,表现出更好的絮凝效果.对制备条件的优化结果表明:当(Al+Zn)/Si的摩尔比为1,Al/Zn的摩尔比为1:9,St/Si的质量比为1,pH值为1.5时,絮凝效果优良.制备的PSiAZ-St絮凝剂用于处理松花江原水时,色度、浑浊度去除率均可达98%以上.     

聚硅硫酸铝锌絮凝剂的制备及形态分析

以Na2SiO3、Al2(SO4)3和ZnSO4为原料,在常温常压下,制备出一种新型无机高分子絮凝剂-聚硅硫酸铝锌(PAZSS),以高岭土模拟废水为处理对象,探讨了Na2SiO3的摩尔浓度、Zn/Al摩尔比、(Al+Zn)/Si摩尔比对絮凝效果的影响,用X-射线衍射分析(XRD)和红外光谱分析等方法对该絮凝剂的结构及形貌进行了表征。结果表明,当Zn/Al摩尔比为1.0、(Al+Zn)/Si摩尔比为1.0时的去浊效果最佳,此时的去浊率可达到98%以上。且XRD和红外光谱分析的结果说明,向聚硅酸中引入的铝、锌离子与聚硅酸产生了一定相互作用,有利于链网状结构的生成,提高絮凝性能。并将PAZSS与聚硅硫酸铝(PASS)进行了比较,其处理效果远优于后者。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.