连退过程带钢热瓢曲指数及其影响因素

 针对带钢连退过程中的热瓢曲问题,充分考虑到连退机组的设备与工艺特点,从内力、外力两方面因素分析了热瓢曲以及横向压应力的产生机理,阐述了热瓢曲的发生规律,首次提出了瓢曲指数的新概念,给出了相应的瓢曲临界条件,建立了一套适合于连退过程的带钢热瓢曲指数的计算模型,定量分析了不同工艺段内带钢瓢曲指数分布规律以及相同工艺段内来料板形、横向温差、炉辊辊型、摩擦因数、设定张力、通板速度等因素对带钢热瓢曲指数的影响,并将相关理论应用到生产实践,开发出了“连退机组通板过程带钢瓢曲预报软件”,实现了对连退过程带钢瓢曲的在线预报,为瓢曲缺陷的预防和控制奠定了坚实的理论基础。     

带钢的拉伸瓢曲与板形控制曲线设定

研究了在4个边进行简单支撑约束的带钢的临界瓢曲应力,并通过修正临界瓢曲应力系数,得到了不同支撑条件下的临界瓢曲应力计算公式,继而对带钢瓢曲后的行为进行了研究,最后通过修改酸轧生．产线的板形控制曲线减少了带钢的横向应力分布差,从而减少了连退炉内带钢瓢曲的次数。     

立式退火炉带钢运行稳定性控制

带钢瓢曲是影响带钢炉内稳定运行的主要因素,为防止带钢在炉内发生瓢曲,提高带钢炉内运行稳定性,提出优化炉区张力设定方法,同时增加原料带钢易瓢曲等级判定以及产线降速过程中炉区最低运行速度功能,为预防带钢瓢曲提供可靠数据依据,旨在减少带钢炉内瓢曲,避免由于带钢瓢曲造成炉内断带。实际应用效果表明,提出的炉区张力优化、带钢易瓢曲等级判定及炉区最低运行速度功能能够满足现场实际应用需求,可有效提高带钢炉内运行稳定性。     

连退炉辊凸度控制技术在预防带钢瓢曲上的应用

通过对带钢在立式连续退火炉退火时出现的热瓢曲现象产生原因的分析,介绍了梅钢连续退火炉通过控制炉辊凸度预防连退炉内带钢瓢曲的方法。     

连续退火炉内辊型对带钢瓢曲张力影响的试验研究

主要分析了在连续退火炉内热处理薄带钢时,炉辊的凸度、炉辊中间平台区长度以及辊面粗糙度等因素对带钢产生瓢曲的影响规律。旋转的炉辊对带钢宽度方向上产生一个压缩作用,这种压缩作用会引起带钢的弯曲和折皱,折皱经过炉辊后就会有可能引发热瓢曲。推导出一个计算瓢曲临界张力的公式,公式表明,临界瓢曲应力和[（带钢厚度×屈服强度）/（炉辊凸度×摩擦因数）]2成正比。     

连续退火炉稳定通板技术的改进与完善

简要介绍了冷轧连退机组使用的炉辊的形状、不同位置的炉辊在机组运行时凸度的改变情况,以及炉辊凸度改变对机组带钢产生瓢曲和跑偏擦边的影响.通过对连续退火炉内炉辊在热态下凸度变化情况的研究,在带钢规格变化过程中针对性地采用优化降速、降温等过渡策略,较大幅度地减少了瓢曲、断带的发生;同时,通过数据计算的方法,引入一个直观的瓢曲风险系数的方法,使操作更加直观.对所述方法的综合使用,基本消除了带钢瓢曲现象的发生,使生产稳定性得到了很大的提高.     

连续退火机组缓冷炉带钢瓢曲原因分析

针对宝钢某单元连续退火机组发生的薄板轻微热瓢曲问题,对影响退火炉带钢瓢曲因素进行了调查,并对板带截面试样进行金相分析,进而对带钢瓢曲缺陷与冷却段的相关性设计针对性生产试验,最终成功将带钢瓢曲缺陷的发生锁定在缓冷炉(SCF)的顶辊上。最后围绕顶辊的辊型和材质分析了带钢瓢曲缺陷产生的原因,并对现场使用时间长的炉辊周期维护提出了建议。     

连续退火炉内带钢张力设定模型研究

在现代化冷轧宽带钢连续退火生产线上,带钢有时会出现横向瓢曲,现场也称之为"热瓢曲",此一瓢曲对机组生产及产品质量危害极大.研究表明,"热瓢曲"与带钢张力设定正确与否密切相关.基于对带钢"热瓢曲"形成机理的新的认识和力学分析模型及有限元数值仿真结果,建立了一套合理的连续退火炉内带钢张力设定的方法和模型,并开发了张力设定软件供工厂使用,取得明显效果.     

连退炉内炉辊的选择与优化设计

推导了连退炉内炉辊为锥度辊时的带钢对中力的表达式,分别介绍总结了带钢对中运行及瓢曲变形的机理.在此基础上,分析了炉辊种类、炉辊形状参数、炉辊表面状态及炉辊热凸度对带钢高速通板技术的影响,并提出了炉辊选择和优化设计的指导原则,以及实现炉辊形状设计定量化的手段.     

双锥度辊辊形参数对带钢瓢曲变形的影响

根据连续退火生产实际情况,运用MARC有限元软件,定量计算了连退炉内双锥度辊辊形参数对带钢瓢曲的影响.模拟发现在双锥度辊锥肩处,带钢张应力和横向应力发生突变,并且带钢横向压应力和等效应力都具有最大值,此处最先发生瓢曲变形,这与现场观测到的带钢瓢曲出现的位置完全吻合.随着总锥度和锥度比的增大,以及平直段长度和直径的减少,带钢发生瓢曲变形的概率都会增加.其中平直段长度对带钢发生瓢曲变形的影响最大,总锥度和锥度比其次,平直段直径的影响最小.     

A Study on the Buckling Behaviour of Strips and Plates with Residual Stresses

During and after rolling or flattening of metal strips and plates the permissible deviations from flatness are described by the permissible absolute wave height and the flatness index. Both values can be determined on a measuring table while the material is not subjected to global tension. Because this procedure is expensive, time‐consuming and allows measurement only at discrete positions along the strip length, on‐line flatness measuring systems are used which can detect the distribution of longitudinal tensile stresses distributed across the strip width allowing for the calculation of the flatness index. This value does not always agree with the value obtained directly by measuring on the table even when the measurement of the longitudinal tensile stress distribution operates perfectly. It can be shown that the measurement of the tensile stress distribution does not give a direct indication on the wave height in the tension‐free state determined on the measuring table. To explain the relationship between tensile stress distribution in the strip and the flatness measurement on the measuring table, the buckling behavior is analysed both with and without dead load for simple symmetrical residual stress distributions resulting, e.g., from the rolling process. Based on the knowledge of the distribution of the longitudinal residual stresses across the strip width, the flatness index and the wave height can be determined by using a specialized finite element model. If the direct measurement is performed under action of dead load, large differences between the directly and indirectly obtained flatness index are observed. Below a certain limit of the intensity of the residual stress distribution the strips and plates lie flat on the measuring table. Above this limit the strip lying on the table exhibits post‐bucking deformations. In the latter case, the wave height increases with strip thickness and intensity of residual stresses.     

Comprehensive tension setting optimisation technique for a cold rolled strip during continuous annealing

The previous tension setting for the continuous annealing process (CAP) is not comprehensive; that is, it does not synthetically consider the factors of strip deviation, buckling, flatness and width narrowing. To address this issue, this study integrated the mechanical and technological characteristics of a continuous annealing line to present a comprehensive control index that can characterise the stability of a travelling strip. Meanwhile, strip deviation, buckling, strip shape and width narrowing were regarded as constraints in each process section. A comprehensive optimisation technique for the tension setting during CAP was then established, and a related theory was applied during production. In addition, a comprehensive tension setting optimisation software was developed for a cold rolled strip during continuous annealing, and the comprehensive optimisation of the tension parameters in each process section was realised. A practical implementation proves that the developed technique exhibits good application effects and considerable application values.     

H型钢轧制腹板波浪的研究

 对H型钢轧制过程中腹板波浪的产生机理及形成条件进行了研究。利用解析的方法,给出了腹板产生屈曲的临界应力和应变。使用有限元软件MSC.Marc, 建立了H型钢轧制的弹塑性有限元模型,并成功地仿真出了腹板屈曲现象,给出了此过程中轧件的应力和变形规律。得到了出现腹板波浪时腹板和翼缘相对压下量的临界比值和半波长等特征值参数。     

Oblique and Herringbone Buckling Analysis of Steel Strip by Spline FEM

 The tilted waves in steel strip during rolling and leveling of sheet metal can be classified into two different types of buckling, oblique and herringbone buckling, respectively. Numerical considerations of oblique and herringbone buckling phenomena are dealt with by the spline finite element method (FEM). It is pointed out that the shear stress due to residual strains caused by the rolling process or applied non-uniform loading is the main reason of oblique and herringbone buckle. According to the analysis of stress distribution in plane, the appropriate initial strain patterns are adopted and the corresponding buckling modes are calculated by the spline FEM. The developed numerical model provides an estimation of buckling critical load and wave configuration.     

Study on strip buckling in continuous annealing lines/hot galvanizing

In continuous annealing lines/hot galvanizing,strips are guided by upper and lower rolls in an alternate up and down vertical motion.This kind of process consisting of heating,soaking,and cooling furnaces(or zones) has several advantages in terms of productivity and product quality.Main problems encountered in continuous annealing lines are misguiding and formation of buckling.The strip buckling causes the strip to be rejected and,in the worst case,the strip breaks and the continuous annealing lines are ...     

预防中厚板轧制头部下扣途径探讨

中厚板热轧过程中的头部弯曲是一个极其复杂的多元非线函数关系。通过 机上模拟及生产数据的人工神经网络分析,找出了关键因素与弯曲方向、程度的相关关系,从而对因变量实施有效的控制与调节,解决了改造的新轧机轧件头上扣难题。     

基于非协调F?ppl-von Kármán方程组的冷轧带材后屈曲分析

为了揭示冷轧带材前屈曲面内残余应力与后屈曲挠度、后屈曲残余应力的关系,引入非协调F?ppl-von Kármán方程组,建立了两边自由无限长带条后屈曲的非线性偏微分方程组边值问题模型。根据冷轧带材后屈曲挠度具有轧制方向单波长周期性变化的特点,将非线性偏微分方程组边值问题分离变量而形成非线性常微分方程组边值问题。将边值问题中涉及的各物理量无量纲化,并分析这些物理量的数量级,进而确定出带有待定系数的无量纲挠度函数的形式。然后将总势能写成只与无量纲挠度函数有关的形式,并利用Ritz法确定各待定系数。最后采用其他文献中的计算结果与本文提出方法的计算结果进行对比,发现较为吻合,并解释了产生误差的原因。同时针对某冷轧厂产品计算出后屈曲释放后的残余应力,并计算了使带钢保持平直的最小张应力,为板形仪的合理应用提供了参考。     

宽带钢热连轧机选型配置与板形控制

通过测试并分析机组上游与下游机架对控制性能的不同要求、服役周期内工作辊和支持辊辊形变化及其对板形控制性能的影响,结合1700mm热连轧机进行的现场试验及工程应用实践,提出热轧上游机架应采用凸度控制能力较强的轧机机型,下游机架宜采用长行程窜辊型轧机机型,全机组均可采用强力弯辊和变接触轧制技术提高机组板形控制能力。     

安钢低碳贝氏体钢板型控制

安钢低碳贝氏体钢的瓢曲现象主要出现在冷却过程中,主要原因是钢板通过层流冷却系统时,厚度方向和横向方向冷却不均匀。分析板型缺陷,研究纵向、厚度方向及横向的板型控制方法,并制定了相应的措施,达到了改善板型的目的。