Effects of nonlinear distortion and imperfect parameters estimation on the performance of OFDM-based DTTB systems

As an effective technique for combating multipath fading and for high-bit-rate transmission over wireless channels, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is extensively used in modern digital television terrestrial broadcasting (DTTB) systems, such as the cyclic prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM) based DVB-T DTTB systems and the time domain synchronous OFDM (TDS-OFDM) based DMB-T DTTB systems, to support high performance bandwidth-efficient multimedia services. OFDM-based DTTB systems are very sensitive to the nonlinear distortion at the transmitter and the imperfect parameters estimation at the receiver. In this paper, the combined effects of nonlinear distortion and imperfect parameters estimation on the performance of the OFDM-based DTTB systems are investigated, a closed form of symbol error probability of the OFDM-based DTTB systems with nonlinear distortion and imperfect parameters estimation is derived. Theoretical results show closely matching with those obtained by simulations for both the CP-OFDM based DVB-T DTTB systems and the TDS-OFDM based DMB-T DTTB systems.     

不同数字电视地面广播传输系统 在多径衰落信道下的性能比较

本文分析了数字电视地面广播通信信道具有长脉冲响应的多径衰落的特点,从频域上表达了其多径衰落信道模型;基于单载波和多载波两种不同的传输模式,推导了数字电视地面广播传输系统在该多径衰落信道下的系统截止率和中断概率的表达式;比较了基于不同数字电视地面广播传输标准和解决方案的传输系统在数字电视地面广播多径衰落信道下的系统输出的截止率和中断概率的性能.     

新一代地面数字电视系统中的前导符号设计

新一代地面数字电视广播(DTTB)系统需要快速稳健的系统同步和对多种工作模式的自适应支持与可靠识别。针对新一代DTTB系统中的符号定时同步和载波同步问题,介绍了利用正交频分复用(OFDM)前导实现同步方法的发展,详细分析了欧洲第二代地面数字电视标准(DVB-T2)与中国的地面数字电视广播传输演进系统(DTMB-A)中前导结构的设计,论述了两种前导符号的特点,并仿真分析比较了两种结构的同步检测方法与性能。     

Novel synchronization for TDS-OFDM-based digital television terrestrial broadcast systems

As an effective technique for combating multipath fading and for high-bit-rate transmission over wireless channels, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is extensively used in modern digital television terrestrial broadcasting (DTTB) systems to support high performance bandwidth-efficient multimedia services. In this paper, novel synchronization schemes, including timing, frequency offset estimation, and phase error tracking, are proposed for the time domain synchronous OFDM (TDS-OFDM) based DTTB systems. Simulations under different channel situations verify the efficiency of the proposed schemes.     

Obtaining Diversity and Coding Gains for Digital Terrestrial Television by Using a Coded Cooperative MIMO Transmission Scheme

Digital terrestrial television is a modern broadcasting technology that has permitted broadcasters to offer television service with excellent image and sound quality. Many countries have been assigned a new digital television standardization process and many studies are underway regarding digital multimedia broadcasting technology. This paper investigates the utilization of a coded cooperative multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) transmission scheme in modern digital broadcasting systems to achieve additional transmit diversity and coding gains. The main idea of this work is the implementation of a coded cooperative MIMO scheme based on a low-density parity check code. A coded cooperative transmission can obtain a robust forward error correction. In this way, it is possible to achieve more stable system performance and improved mobility for next generation handheld systems. In order to show the potential for practical implementation, the performance of the proposed method is evaluated on the basis of the Digital Video Broadcasting-Second Generation Terrestrial (DVB-T2) system. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can be utilized for the development of future DVB broadcasting systems that should support high mobility handheld devices, such as the Digital Video Broadcasting–Next Generation Handheld (DVB–NGH) system.     

DVB-T: the COFDM-based system for terrestrial television

In early 1996, the European DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting) Project finalised what is now called the `common 2k/8k specification' for terrestrial television transmission. This specification is an important cornerstone of digital video broadcasting in Europe and numerous other countries in the world. Called DVB-T, it is based on the channel-coding algorithms the DVB Project had earlier devised for digital television on cable and satellite. The modulation scheme that is used for DVB-T is OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing), which when used in conjunction with channel coding is known as COFDM. Two variants are described, one employing 1705 individual carriers in an 8 MHz channel (`2k variant'), the other employing 6817 carriers (`8k variant'). Each individual carrier can be modulated either by QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM or hierarchical modulation     

Rate Optimization for 2D OFDM Relaying

We solve optimal symbol dimensions for a recently introduced two-dimensional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (2D OFDM) scheme with a two-dimensional cyclic prefix (2D CP). The 2D OFDM technique is shown to improve the rate of a wireless relaying system if the channel coherence time is at least nine times longer than the channel impulse response. Furthermore, feasibility and application scenarios of 2D OFDM are discussed using the parameters of terrestrial digital video broadcasting systems (DVB-T/H) as examples.     

Digital video broadcasting

A new kind of “wireless video” is currently entering consumers' homes-digital television. The term digital video broadcasting (DVB) is used as a synonym for digital television in many countries of the world. Whereas one may tend to think that digital television means just a new, digital, form of signal representation not necessarily affecting the information content of what one has always called TV, the truth is that digital television becomes multiple-channel data broadcasting. This article reviews some of the results of the work in the worldwide DVB Project and explains some of the fundamental concepts behind the work of this group. It then concentrates on the terrestrial transmission system (DVB-T) as one example of the many transmission technologies DVB has developed over the last few years. The COFDM modulation scheme which is a key ingredient of DVB-T is described in some detail. The performance of the system is presented. The use of DVB for data broadcasting and the accompanying return channel technologies are explained     

RS-Turbo级联码在DVB-T信道中的仿真分析

文中首先描述了OFDM在数字通信中的应用,接着介绍了Reed Solomon(RS)编码,重点研究了Turbo码及其解码算法,提出了一种应用Turbo码和Rs码的级联码结合OFDM调制的前向纠错方案,分析了该方案用于数字视频广播地面信道(DVB-T)的性能.通过在加性高斯白噪声(Addittve White Gaussian Noisc,AWGN)信道上的仿真,验证了该方案比目前DVB-T标准中的卷积码方案有更好的性能.仿真结果表明,应用Turbo码仅在解码迭代次数增加几次的情况下,系统性能有显著的提高.     

基于FPGA的DVB-T COFDM调制模块的设计

研究了DVB-T标准中的COFDM编码调制模块,阐述了COFDM编码调制的基本原理,并以FPGA为硬件平台进行了半实物仿真。最后结合DVB-T标准分析了COFDM适用于地面数字电视广播的特性。     

Coded Decision Directed Demodulation for Second Generation Digital Video Broadcasting Standard

Second generation terrestrial digital video broadcasting (DVB-T2) standard aims at providing high definition television and high rate services for the same spectrum allocation of current DVB-T standard. This goal is achieved by adopting new physical layer features that increase the spectrum efficiency. In this respect, the insertion of pilot tones in the orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signal, though allowing an efficient channel estimation, decreases the spectral efficiency. In this paper we evaluate performance of the coded decision directed demodulation (CD3) technique for channel estimation in DVB-T2. In fact, by iterating between decoding and channel estimation, with the latter obtained by using previously decoded symbols, CD3 is able to provide an accurate channel estimation with very few pilots, even in the presence of highly frequency dispersive and time-variant channels. Numerical results are provided for a comparison in terms of achievable throughput between DVB-T2 with CD3 and current DVB-T. Moreover, multiple antennas at the base station are also considered to provide spatial diversity and hence further improve system performance.      

The DVB-H Mobile Broadcast Standard

The digital video broadcasting-handheld (DVB-H) standard is one of the latest transmission standards developed by the digital video broadcasting (DVB) Project. DVB-H, which is based on the standard for digital terrestrial television (DVB-T), offers mobile television and other broadcasting services on small portable devices such as mobile phones. This article presents an overview of the DVB-H standard with respect to structure, features, technology, performance, and resources.     

TDS-OFDM系统的设计

介绍了TDS-OFDM系统的调制编码方式和接收端实现技术.与欧洲DVB-T循环前缀OFDM的性能对比中,TDS-OFDM在地面电视广播等领域中表现出显著的优势.     

数字电视地面传输系统中的OFDM/COFDM技术

比较详细地介绍了OFDM/COFDM的基本理论、性能及其系统的实现，OFD/COFDM已经在数字音频广播中实现，并准备应用于地面数字电视和HDTV广播中。     

一种新的地面数字多媒体/电视广播传输系统

针对传输信道线性时变的宽带传输信道特性，设计了一种时域同步正交频分复用（简称TDS－OFDM）的多载波调制方式。这种调制方式既适用于具有多径干扰和多普勒频移的地面数字电视广播传输信道，也适用于其它宽带数字传输系统。为了进一步提高传输效率，提出的地面数字多媒体／电视广播DMB－T传输系统还采用了最新的纠错编码和交织编码技术，在额定的8MHz带宽中，净载数据传输率可达32．511Mbps。     

Phase Noise Correction Based on TPS Symbols for the Chinese DTTB System

In orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, phase noise (PHN) from oscillator can severely reduce the performance by causing: common phase error (CPE) and inter-carrier interference (ICI). The impact of PHN on received signal can be characterized by the circular convolution of the transmitted signal and the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of PHN signal in frequency domain. Digital television/terrestrial multimedia broadcasting (DTMB), announced as the Chinese digital television terrestrial broadcasting (DTTB) standard, adopted the time-domain synchronous OFDM system (TDS-OFDM) system which has 36 continuous transmission parameter signaling (TPS) symbols in frequency domain which be used for PHN suppression. Based on a linearized parametric model for PHN, least squared (LS) estimation and fast Fourier transform (FFT) approaching method for PHN correction are proposed in this paper. The effects of the PHN on channel estimation in both TDS-OFDM system and conventional cyclic prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM) are also investigated. Simulations show that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the PHN and improve the symbol error rata (SER) of TDS-OFDM systems over both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and broadcasting multipath channel. In practice, the FFT-approaching method can be applied to the DTMB receiver-chip design directly with low implementation cost.      

Dynamic bandwidth allocation in DVB-T networks providing IP services

The combination of high capacity, signal robustness, and worldwide acceptance have made digital terrestrial broadcasting (DVB-T) one of today's more promising technologies, while newly adopted standards support the integration of digital television programs and data services within a single multiplex, offered to both stationary and mobile end users. The paper addresses the issue of optimal bit rate allocation among DTV and IP services within the DVB-T multiplex, and demonstrates a novel configuration providing real-time sharing of the available bandwidth via an algorithm based on service hierarchy and perceptual quality assessment. The architecture and performance of a fully functional DVB-T testbed developed on this concept is also presented.     

COFDM: an overview

The research and development of OFDM/COFDM for digital television broadcasting has received considerable attention and has made a great deal of progress in Europe. OFDM/COFDM has already been implemented in digital audio broadcasting and is being considered for terrestrial digital television and HDTV broadcasting. The advantages of COFDM claimed by the advocates in Europe have also caught the attention of US broadcasters and generated enthusiasm although a digital modulation technique called 8-VSB has been selected by the FCC Advisory Committee on Advanced Television Service (ACATS) for the final testing. There is considerable debate in the industry over the use of COFDM vs. VSB or QAM for terrestrial HDTV broadcasting. In this paper, the history of research and development on OFDM and COFDM is reviewed. Then, the basic principles, performance and implementation of OFDM and COFDM are examined. Analysis is given to enable the selection of key elements for meeting the constraints of the required applications. Based on the ATV channel model, performance expectation of COFDM under imperfect channel conditions and implementation issues are examined in details     

DVB-T/H and T-DMB: Physical Layer Performance Comparison in Fast Mobile Channels

Terrestrial or Handheld Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB-T/H) and Terrestrial Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (T-DMB) are two popular broadcasting standards that enable digital television transmissions to handheld receivers. This paper presents a comprehensive performance comparison between the physical layers of DVB-T/H and T-DMB when employed for mobile communications. By exploiting a recently proposed fast simulation model, we assess the BER of the two coded OFDM systems in several realistic scenarios, taking into account Rayleigh and Rice channels, different mobile speeds, inner and outer channel coding, channel estimation, and one or two receive antennas. Our comparison shows that the DVB-T/H physical layer performance highly depends on the delay spread of the channel, whereas T-DMB is less sensitive to the frequency selectivity of the channel. As a result, DVB-T/H yields better performance than T-DMB in typical Rayleigh channels with significant delay spread. On the contrary, at high SNR, T-DMB outperforms DVB-T/H in Rice channels with low delay spread. As a side result, we show the performance improvement of DVB-H produced by MPE-FEC at the data link layer.      

Effects of Carrier Frequency Offset and Channel Estimation Errors on the Performance of MIMO-OFDM Systems in Spatially Correlated Channels

As an effective technique for combating multipath fading and for high-bit-rate transmission over wireless channels, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is extensively used in high-rate wireless communication systems, such as, the wireless local area network (WLAN) and the digital television terrestrial broadcasting (DTTB) systems, to support high performance bandwidth-efficient multimedia services. Multiple antennas and transmit or receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM), can be used to improve error performance and capacity of wireless systems. In this paper, we consider the effects of carrier frequency offset and channel estimation errors on the performance of MIMO-OFDM systems in spatially correlated channels. Theoretical calculations and computer simulations are done to analyze the performance degradation of MIMO-OFDM systems in spatially correlated channels due to carrier frequency offset and channel estimation errors, and the theoretical and simulated results match well.