汽车悬架弹簧多级减振刚度的应用性能分析

介绍了汽车非线性减振悬架的性能特点.根据非线性悬架特点设计了一种四级减振刚度弹簧;根据非线性曲线的特点,把汽车的不同工况分解为四减振区域,并分别把每一个减振区域匹配出不同刚度的线性弹性刚度,相当于用一次曲线去逼近空气弹簧的多次刚度曲线,这样就能得到吸振能力非常接近空气弹簧的弹性特性.进一步计算了四级减振刚度悬架汽车的减振频率、静挠度、振幅、阻尼特性.计算结果表明,四级减振刚度悬架比单刚度悬架舒适性能有很大的提高.     

Damping forces of vibrating cylinder in confined viscous fluid by a simplified analytical method

The simplified analytical solutions for viscous damping have been formulated, considering the results obtained by an existing numerical method, for relatively narrow annular configurations: (i) when a rigid cylinder executes translational oscillation in the plane of symmetry, and (ii) a flexible cylinder vibrates in its first mode as a clamped-clamped beam subject to axial flow. For narrow annular passages, the viscous damping has significant effects on fluid-dynamic forces. In such a case, an inviscid fluid model is acceptable for estimating added mass. This theory is developed for both relatively high and low oscillatory Reynolds numbers. In terms of computational efficiency, it is useful to obtain the viscous damping forces using this approximate method. Also this method has important benefit for the future study of stability analysis of system; since, the viscous damping forces obtained by the present method can be expressed in terms of the oscillatory Reynolds number explicitly. To validate this theory, the results are compared with the ones obtained by the full viscous theories in the previous works. These results were found to be in reasonably good agreement with the results of the full theories.     

Stable joint torque optimization for multiple cooperating redundant manipulator system

In this paper, joint torque optimization for multiple cooperating redundant manipulators rigidly handling a common object is considered. This work focuses on finding the optimal and stable distribution of the operational forces of a multiple redundant manipulator system to the individual manipulators. Two joint torque optimization schemes (local joint torque minimization and natural joint motion) are formulated and compared. When a redundant manipulator with its joints free is driven by its tip, a naturally inducing joint motion can be called ‘natural joint motion’. From the simulation results of a system of three cooperating redundant manipulators, the natural joint motion scheme is shown to be better than the local joint torque minimization scheme with regard to global torque minimization capability and the resulting stability of motion. However, in order to guarantee the stability, the null space damping method is required for the both schemes. The effectiveness of the null space damping method is demonstrated by simulation. Additionally, the condition for the distribution of the operational forces required to drive the given system along a natural joint motion trajectory is addressed.     

计算机磁头/磁盘超薄气膜润滑稳定性

以任意拉森数的超薄气体润滑方程为基础,给出磁头刚体小扰动对空气轴承滑块 (ABS)气膜压强摄动方程。采用算子分裂法求解气膜压强和非结构三角网格的有限元法解压强摄动方程,得到气膜的刚度系数和阻尼系数矩阵。模态分析得到磁头气固耦合系统的固有频率,衰减率和振型。以Ω型磁头为例,分析了在不同气膜厚度和磁盘转速下的磁头稳定性。研究结果表明,磁头稳定性对气膜厚度很敏感,在小气膜厚度运行时,系统固有频率高,稳定性好;磁头升沉和纵倾运动的动力耦合,使磁头系统固有频率和衰减率降低,对稳定性不利;高转速的磁盘对磁头稳定性不利,但影响不大。     

汽车离合器从动盘减振等级的选择与调试

随着汽车技术的发展,汽车用户对乘坐舒适性的要求越来越高,汽车制造厂家纷纷选择价格昂贵的双质量飞轮和带多级减振器的离合器从动盘进行隔振,来降低一些令人烦躁的振动噪音。本文结合实际的开发项目,通过相关的仿真与NVH测试分析,选择合理的从动盘减振器部件、预减振和主减振等级,这样既满足了汽车消费者舒适性的要求,也能满足目前降低汽车制造成本的必然趋势,为离合器从动盘的设计、选择、使用提供一些借鉴。     

支点弹性、阻尼可倾瓦轴承动力特性数值仿真及试验研究

依据考虑瓦块摆动和沿几何预载荷方向微幅振动的可倾瓦轴承完全动力特性的解析模型及其对应的八参数简化动力模型,设计制备了支点弹性、阻尼特性可倾瓦轴承。该轴承通过在瓦块支点与轴承体之间设置弹性垫片,使瓦块支点支撑在弹性垫片上,弹性垫片与轴承体之间存在微小间隙并与轴颈润滑系统共享油路以实现局部挤压油膜效应。根据不同加工工艺,制备了两种形式的新型支点弹性、阻尼轴承,并通过理论计算模拟与试验分析对两种新型轴承的动力特性进行研究。结果表明,支点弹性、阻尼可倾瓦轴承能够增大转子的一临界阻尼,有效提高转子系统稳定性。     

转向轮摆振机理研究与结构优化设计

应用拉格朗日方程,建立轮椅车转向轮系统非线性动力学微分方程,运用ODE方法进行求解,并对此动力学模型线性化,进行稳定性分析;建立转向轮系统摆振试验台,对动力学模型进行实验验证,最后,应用基因遗传算法对转向轮系统参数进行优化设计,采用替换阻尼轴承的方法主动防范摆振。     

双摇杆假肢膝关节的运动学与动力学分析

膝关节是人体正常运动的重要部位.为了满足下肢截肢患者恢复正常运动功能的需求,设计了一款双摇杆机构的假肢膝关节.首先,建立了下假肢的简化模型,通过对模型的运动学分析,获得了相关关节角度、角速度、角加速度等参数.通过动态静力分析法对双摇杆的各个杆件进行动力学分析,最终得到输出阻尼力与驱动力矩之间的平衡方程.通过Adams仿...     

拖车系统车身摆振的非线性动力学分析

考虑轮胎和悬架减振器的非线性特性,建立包含侧向、横摆、侧倾运动的5自由度拖车系统动力学模型。应用非线性动力学的相关理论,对拖车系统的多平衡点特性以及在各平衡点附近的时域响应进行分析。在此基础上结合不足转向梯度和系统阻尼比特性对系统失稳机制进行研究,并分析了拖车系统参数与路面附着系数对系统动态临界车速的影响。研究发现,由于轮胎和悬架减振器非线性特性的耦合,拖车系统存在多个平衡点。拖车系统的初始状态和各个平衡点共同决定了其失稳机制。结合拖车系统不足转向梯度的定义,当牵引车为过度转向时,牵引车的后轴侧滑导致的车辆折叠失稳是系统车身失稳的一种形式。此时通过对牵引车的横摆角速度进行控制,可以有效地避免系统出现折叠失稳。此外,增大拖车轴距、拖车前轴距离牵引点的距离可以有效地提高系统的动态临界车速,从而提高拖车系统的动态稳定性。     

机载光电侦察平台复合减振设计

为减小振动对机载光电侦察平台成像质量和稳定精度的影响,对光电平台进行了复合减振设计.分析了复合减振原理,针对以往单级隔振系统存在的缺点在平台内框架和外框架之间设计了二级减振系统,更加有效地隔离了外框架传递到内框架上的振动.采用二维参数优化方法计算出了复合减振系统的最优固有频率比fopt为1.43,最优阻尼比ζopt为0...     

胎面缠绕生产线实时监控及分层诊断专家系统

为了提高胎面缠绕生产线设备的缠绕质量以及胶料分布的稳定性，降低研发成本和废品率，基于虚拟仪器LabVIEW图形化编程平台，开发具有以太网通信功能的监控系统。依据大量试验数据，建立了分层诊断数学模型，改进分层算法规则，采用分层诊断专家系统，增强轮胎生产工艺修改适用性、快速性和稳定性，有效提高生产效率，缩短生产研发周期。     

浅谈全球十大知名主流悬架

现代的汽车越来越注重乘坐的舒适性，以致消费者往往将车的舒适性列为购买的一个重要衡量标准。事实上，汽车乘坐的舒适性除了座椅的柔软程度、支撑力等因素外，关系最大的就是汽车的悬架系统，它还是车架与车轴之间连接的传力机件，并且悬架对其他性能诸如行驶的安全性、通过性、稳定性以及附着性能都有重大影响。其中，悬架系统能改善车辆的乘坐舒适性和操作稳定性，是汽车工业的核心技术之一。     

Aerodynamic Characteristics of Isolated Loaded Tires with Different Tread Patterns:Experiment and Simulation

The current research of tire aerodynamics mainly focus on the isolated and simplified tread tire.Compared with the real complex pattern tire,the tread pattern structure and deformed profile of a loaded tire has a greatly influence on tire aerodynamic drag.However,the mechanisms of the isolated loaded tires with different tread patterns effects on the aerodynamic drag are subjects worthy of discussion.The purpose of this study is to experimentally and compu-tationally investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of three tires 185/65 R14 with different patterns under loaded.A wind tunnel test model was first established using three-dimensional(3D)printing with a ratio of 1∶1,and the pres-sure coefficients Cp of the three tires with different patterns are measured.The paper then conducted computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations for analyzing the pressure and flow characteristics.The accuracy of CFD simulation is verified by comparing the simulation results with the test results of pressure coefficients Cp,and they are of good consistency.While,the general analysis of pressure coefficients Cp results of the three tires indicates high-pressure area on the windward surface,and occurrence of low-pressure area on the leeward surface,the pressure coefficients Cp of all three tires decreased firstly and then increased along in the air flow direction.The authors finally analyzed the effect of tread patterns on the flow field around the tire and revealed the differences between flow characteristics and aerodynamic drag.The results show that,angle of tire lateral groove has great effect on the flow field characteristics such that;the more the angle of lateral groove agrees with the air flow direction,the less the flow separation and flow vortices,and a minimum observable aerodynamic drag.The research provides a guidance for the design of low aerodynamic drag tires,and helps to illustrate the impact of tire aerodynamics on the car body in the future.     

Eigensolution of a BTA deep-hole drilling shaft system

A numerical investigation is conducted to obtain the eigensolution of a deep-hole drilling shaft system. The rotating drilling shaft is modeled as a Rayleigh beam that conveys cutting fluid and is subjected to torque, compressive axial force, and support constraints. The governing equation of the drilling shaft system for lateral vibration is obtained by considering fluid-structure interaction, rotational inertia, gyroscopic effect, effect of motion constraints, and frictional damping generated by the surrounding fluid. The influence of cutting fluid flow velocity, rotational angular velocity, torque, compressive axial force, and support constraints on the natural frequency and stability of the drilling shaft system is examined. Cutting fluid flow velocity, compressive axial force, and torque decrease the natural frequency of the system, whereas rotational angular velocity and support constraints improve system stability.     

混合轴承动特性简化计算方法

用一维流计算原理分析了多腔混合轴承的动态特性；计算了典型的毛细管节流四腔轴承在各种设计参数下的线性化刚度系数和阻尼系数，得到了轴承相应的刚度和稳定性速度阈值；比较了简化计算方法得到的数据与传统的雷诺方程数值解法得到的数据，且讨论了前者的误差影响。在常用工况条件下，其计算结果满足工程需要。     

250 ml排量卡丁车的改进设计

为解决目前最受市场欢迎的250 ml排量系列卡丁车"减振性能差、在崎岖路面高速行驶稳定性不佳"的问题,将高档轿车上用的双摆臂前轮悬架设计技术整合到这一排量的卡丁车中去,同时改变以往后轮单纯依靠橡胶轮胎减振的情况,后悬架采用整体桥式结构重新设计.在改进设计中开展了卡丁车前、后悬架减振器速度特性试验、等效刚度试验、悬架总体...     

压阻式微加速度计动态特性与阻尼的关系研究

采用微机械加工工艺制作的压阻式微加速度计在测试过程中经常出现动态特性欠佳甚至于结构损坏的现象，在压阻式微加速度计中，合理设计阻尼参数有助于改善传感器的动态特性。将压阻式微加速度计简化为二阶模型，定性分析了系统动态特性与阻尼之间的关系，研究了压阻式微加速度计结构中阻尼的设计和控制方法，仿真、比较了带不同阻尼参数传感器系统的动态特性，并通过实验验证了仿真分析的正确性。     

Thermoelastic damping in cylindrical shells with application to tubular oscillator structures

Thermoelastic vibration and damping of cylindrical shell structures is studied in this paper. The general thermoelastic coupled equations for cylindrical thin shells are presented first. Since the general governing equations are quite complicated, they are then simplified with Donnell–Mushtari–Vlasov approaches for the cylindrical shells under transverse deflection-dominated vibrations. By solving the simplified thermoelastic equations with Galerkin method, the approximate solutions for thermoelastic damping in a cylindrical shell structure are obtained. The solutions are suitable for the predictions of thermoelastic damping of tubular oscillator structures. Some numerical examples for micro- or nano-tube resonators are provided to illustrate the results.     

Unsteady potential and viscous flows between eccentric cylinders

This paper presents a newly developed spectral collocation method for the study of the unsteady annular flow between two eccentric cylinders. In order to predict the stability of a system in a confined flow, the formulae and results of added mass and fluid damping are provided in the present paper when a cylinder undergoes oscillatory motion in the plane of symmetry and normal to the plane of symmetry in an eccentric annulus. The potential flow theory has been developed to obtain the added mass for incompressible, inviscid and irrotational fluid. For the viscous fluid, the added mass and the viscous damping are presented. This method is validated by comparison with the available analytical solutions obtained for the unsteady potential flow in the eccentric annular space. Excellent agreement was found between the solutions obtained with the present spectral method and the available analytical solutions. In the present study, the viscous effect on the added mass can be evaluated, comparing the results obtained by potential flow theory with those obtained by the viscous flow theory, and viscous damping is investigated.     

基于不确定性和模糊理论的汽车平顺性优化

以整车八自由度振动模型为对象,建立某车行驶平顺性的MATLAB/SMULINK模型,根据仿真结果构建了Kriging模型。以座椅加权加速度均方根值为目标函数,以悬架的刚度和非线性阻尼系数、座椅的刚度和阻尼为设计变量,以簧上质量、轮胎的刚度和阻尼为不确定模糊变量,运用模糊理论和多种群遗传算法对该仿真模型进行双层嵌套的不确定性优化。对比表明:不确定性量在一定范围变化时,确定性优化的目标函数恶化到2.0 m/s2,远远大于不确定性优化时目标函数的最小值(1.5 m/s2),即不确定性优化的结果对行驶过程中的不确定性量变化更加不敏感,适应性更好。