Problems of vulnerability of low-temperature rotors of cogeneration steam turbines to damage

Statistics of damage of steam turbine disks operating in the zone of phase transformation is analyzed and it is inferred that it is possible and expedient to determine group lives of rotor parts experiencing the action of permanent and objective negative factors. Statistics of damage in the form of circular cracks in low-temperature rotors of steam turbines of various types is presented. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 10, October 2006, pp. 36–41.     

Correction of rotors by systems of balanced loads

The possible causes of residual deflections in seamless forged rotors are examined. It is shown that measures to eliminate a residual deflection must take its cause into account. A method for correction of rotors proposed by the Leningrad Metal Factory (LMZ), which involves mounting special systems of balanced and “antibalancing” loads on a bent rotor, is analyzed. Calculations show that even the elastic stresses owing to operation of a flexible rotor beyond its critical rotation frequency and, as a rule, exceeding those stresses which the authors of this method propose creating, do not result in correction of a bent rotor. Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, January 2009, No. 1, pp. 10–15.     

黄埔电厂N125汽轮机转子低周疲劳损伤分析与控制

通过对N125汽轮机转子在各种工况下的转子热应力和低周疲劳的分析,提出了对转子低周疲劳寿命损耗的控制措施,对现场运行具有一定的技术指导性。     

Testing of power-generating gas-turbine plants at Russian electric power stations

This paper cites results of thermal testing of various types and designs of power-generating gas-turbine plants (GTP), which have been placed in service at electric-power stations in Russia in recent years. Thermotechnical and ecological indicators are codified and compiled for their characteristic regimes when operating on natural gas and liquid fuel. The operational economy is evaluated for the GTP on the whole, and operating characteristics are given for their components — compressor, turbine, and combustion chamber. The operating conditions of the GTP are examined for variable regimes, including a regime where a forward channel is used for the compressor. A comparative analysis is performed on the variation in the indicators of type-V94.2 GTP with allowance for their long-term operation. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 6, pp. 36–42, June, 2006.     

Conversion of the steam-supply system of 800-MW supercritical-pressure units to lower steam temperature upon introduction of a sliding startup process

Results of testing a novel process of startup of 800-MW supercritical-pressure units at sliding pressure in the entire conduit of the once-through boiler with the temperature of extraneous steam in the station-service header supplying the turbine-feeding pump reduced to ∼250°C and intermediate transfer of its feed to its own steam through the available station-service starting-shedding device are given. It is shown that the use of this process makes it possible to fully pass to steam supply of the unit from the colder second extraction of the turbine. A variant of updating the steam feeding circuit is suggested. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 11, November 2006, pp. 9–13.     

Experience in endoscopic control of turbogenerators of electric power plants

The types of endoscopes and techniques of their use for examining stators and rotors of turbogenerators are considered. It is shown that endoscopy is a very effective method for determining defects and faults in generators of the Tyumenénergo power plants with a capacity of 200 and 800 MW. Examples of determination of critical defects are presented.Translated from Élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 9, September 2004, pp. 64 – 66.     

Development of engineering solutions for creation of turbine plant for power unit with supercritical steam parameters

Problems arising in the transition to a new level of steam parameters of power units are considered. The dependence of the efficiency of the unit on the efficiencies of individual turbine stages and different layouts is considered. It is shown that using the experience of best domestic producers the efficiency of a unit can be brought to the level of the best foreign counterparts. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 10, October 2005, pp. 36–40.     

Connecting the second exhaust-heat boiler to the operating first one under the conditions of flow circuits of combined-cycle plants with two gas-turbine units and one steam turbine

Problems arising with connecting the second exhaust-heat boiler to the first exhaust-heat boiler under load in the case of flow circuits of combined-cycle plants of type PGU-450 are considered. Similar problems exist for two-boiler single-turbine units of type PGU-325 and for two-boiler single-turbine units of traditional steampower plants with an output of 200–300 MW upon connection of the second furnace of a two-furnace boiler to the operating first furnace. Analysis of the temperature-induced stressed state and of the cyclic strength of thick-walled elements of the steam-water conduit of PGU-450 and of two-furnace boilers of two-boiler single-turbine units with an output of 200–300 MW (the check valve, the inlet header of the water economizer) is used for determining the steam temperature differences in the high-pressure conduits to the steam turbine and the order of connection of the second exhaust-heat boiler to the operating fist one. Modes of enabling a two-boiler single-turbine unit of a combined-cycle plant, which are most “rigid” from the standpoint of thermal strength, are determined. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, February 2006, pp. 11–17.     

90-MW single-shaft power generating steam-gas unit based on the GTÉ-65 gas turbine and K-30-60 steam turbine

This is an examination of a variant of the monoblock PGU-90 steam-gas unit developed at the “Leningradskii Metallicheskii Zavod” (LMZ) branch of “Silovye mashiny” based on a GTé-65 gas turbine unit and a K-30-60 steam turbine employing a synchronous release clutch with an overall useful power at the generator of 90 MW. The kinematic and thermal systems and the basic technical characteristics of this version of the PGU-90 are discussed, and the oil-supply system and structural features of the major equipment in the unit — the gas turbine, steam turbine, turbine generator, reducer, boiler-utilizer, and release clutch — are described. The proposed variant of a combination of thermal power production equipment is built using basic designs with minimal further development for these joint operating conditions.     

Engineering refit of the Dorogobuzh Heat and Electric Power Plant

This article discusses the introduction of two gas turbine units with an overall power of 12 MW in 2005 at the Dorogobuzh TéTs (Heat and Electric Power Plant). This plant provides energy and heat to the Dorogobuzh industrial cluster and the 30000 people living in the Dorogobuzh region. The need to reconstruct and refit the Dorogobuzh TéTs (Smolensk Oblast’, Russia), which had become noncompetitive in the market, is examined. The engineering state of the Dorogobuzh TéTs before and after the introduction of two gas turbine units with an overall power of 12 MW in 2005 is described in detail; the consumption and thermal and electrical energy output parameters are compared. The technical characteristics of the new equipment, including GTD-6RM gas turbine power units, TGS-6 turbogenerators, and boiler recovery units, are given. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 3, Macrh 2008, pp. 13–17.     

An estimate of the errors when calculating the varying electric power losses in overhead lines due to neglecting weather conditions

An algorithm for calculating the resistance taking into account the air temperature, the working current and the wind speed is developed. A quantitative estimate is made of the effect of the load current, the conductor temperature and the wind speed on the resistance of overhead-line conductors. The ranges of the errors in calculating the annual variable electric power losses are obtained. 1 Electric Power Scientific-Research Institute (VNIIé)—subsidiary of JSC “NTTs élektroénergetiki,” Russia. Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 10, October 2008, pp. 42–49.     

Use of GTÉ-65 gas turbine power units in the thermal configuration of steam-gas systems for the refitting of operating thermal electric power plants

Thermal configurations for condensation, district heating, and discharge steam-gas systems (PGU) based on the GTé-65 gas turbine power unit are described. A comparative multivariant analysis of their thermodynamic efficiency is made. Based on some representative examples, it is shown that steam-gas systems with the GTé-65 and boiler-utilizer units can be effectively used and installed in existing main buildings during technical refitting of operating thermal electric power plants. Translated from élektricheskie stantsii, No. 6, June 2008, pp. 15–25.     

Slagging properties of coals and allowance for them in the analysis of the possibility of using out-of-design fuel

It is shown that out-of-design coal should be used only after computational analysis of slagging of the boiler. The use of ash fusibility as a criterion for the analysis should be avoided because this property does not reflect the slagging properties of coal to an acceptable degree. Parameters characterizing the properties more appropriately are presented. It is shown that slagging of an actual furnace depends on many factors and the condition that “the thermal stresses should be lower than the limiting value” is insufficient. An algorithm for the analysis is suggested on the basis of the slagging conditions arising upon transition from one kind of fuel to another with allowance for the actual slagging situation. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 3, March 2006, pp. 18–23.     

Efficiency of operation of a T-250/300–240 turbine without moving blades of last stages of the low-pressure cylinder

The results of detailed computations performed for actual electric and heat loads, pressure in the condenser, and other operating parameters are used to consider the changes in the efficiency of operation of a T-250/300–240 turbine after the removal of moving blades of the last stages of the low-pressure cylinder. It is shown that the expediency of running the turbine with removed blades should be determined proceeding from the expected modes of operation of the cogeneration plant in question for the whole year. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 11, November 2005, pp. 47–52.     

Improvements in the technique for assembling flanged connectors in the shaft lines of turbine units

When the standard brackets for flanged connectors are removed during repair or during measurements of the centering of the rotors relative to the sleeves, the connecting bolts and associated apertures in the sleeves are often damaged. In order to increase vibrational reliability, reduce the time spent, and cause less damage in the bore of the sleeves, it is proposed that the flange connectors be assembled with the aid of tapered bushings, pins, and hydraulic extraction of the brackets. Translated from élektricheskie stantsii, No. 5, May 2008, pp. 7–9.     

Characteristics of in-service analysis of condensing heat exchangers in steam-turbine units for their modernization

An algorithm for thermal analysis of condensing heat exchangers in steam-turbine units, which makes it possible to account for unusual structural design of equipment, both original, and also as a result of modernization, as well as the effect of the location of the equipment in the process-flow diagram of a turbine plant and a number of other factors reflecting all interrelations between the equipment and other components, is proposed. Results of optimization thermal analyses of a condenser in accordance with the proposed algorithm, on the basis of which parameters were selected for its optimization, and also a comparison of computed data with data derived from tests of the modernized equipment, are presented. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 7, July 2007, pp. 15–18.     

Results of familiarization of and prospects for a procedure for the burning of wastes in a vortical fluidized bed

Problems that have arisen during tune-up of the production line for the thermal processing of solid household waste by the method of burning in a vortical fluidized bed (principally, a new technology for Russia), and means of their solution are presented. Investigative studies are cited. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 6, pp. 20–26, August, 2006.     

拱坝温度荷载与温度应力的考虑

介绍拱坝温度荷载的概念及值得注意的问题 .拱坝的温度荷载可以分解为三部分 :均匀温度变化Tm,等效线性温差Td 及非线性温差Tn.拱坝有封拱温度场、年平均温度场和变化温度场三个特征温度场 ,其温度荷载可由特征温度场的相应值求得 .文章还介绍了用拱梁分载法计算拱坝温度应力 ,同时论述了影响拱坝温度应力的一些因素 ,包括封拱温度、坝体及基础弹模、坝体热胀系数及导温系数、坝体表面温差等 .     

Estimating the quality of metal in cast working blades made of the nickel alloy ChS88U-VI

Results are presented from a study of the metal in the working blades for a gas turbine power system made of the nickel alloy ChS88U-VI in its initial heat treated state. It is found that cooled working blades in the first and second stages meet the engineering requirements, while large uncooled blades in the third and fourth stages deviate from the specifications for a turbine system in terms of their macrostructure and mechanical properties. Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, January 2009, No. 1, pp. 28–34.