光子带隙结构在微波方面的应用

20世纪80年代末出现的光子晶体是一种具有光子带隙的新材料,它独特的性质使得光子晶体具有广泛的应用前景。介绍了光子晶体的概念,综述了光子带隙结构在微波领域的应用和研究进展。     

基于光子晶体的电磁吸收材料

研究了微波光子晶体在雷达吸收材料上的应用,提出了一种应用PBG的新型雷达吸收材料.该种材料相对于传统的电Salisbury屏,具有厚度薄、重量轻的优点,而且吸收带宽取决于高阻表面的带隙,不再受到厚度为λ/4的限制.     

PBG结构在微波领域的应用

20世纪80年代末出现的光子晶体是一种具有光子带隙的新材料,其特有的性质使得光子晶体具有广泛的应用前景。本文介绍了光子晶体的概念,综述了光子带隙结构在微波领域的典型应用和研究进展。     

光子带隙型光子晶体光纤

光子晶体光纤（PCF）有着许多奇异的特点和广泛的应用前景。目前,光子晶体光纤的技术发展很快,其潜在应用不断被发掘出来。文章简要分析了光子带隙（PBG）型PCF的导光机制,介绍了它的典型结构、制作工艺和PBG的形成机理。探讨了其在光通信中的应用。     

电磁带隙(EBG)在天线中的应用

一.EBG简介 微波、毫米波频段中,电磁波在周期性结构传播中存在的电磁带隙(Electromagnetic Band Gap)被认为是与半导体中光子带隙(Photonic Band Gap)的对应特性,已经的得到了较为深入的研究.具有电磁带隙特性的人造材料被应用到在天线,谐振腔,滤波器等等的器件上,用以改善提高其性能.     

基于光子晶体波导的毫米波阻抗调配器研究

随着无线通信相关领域的发展,无线电波的应用频率已提高到毫米波频段,研究新型的毫米波阻抗调配器具有重要的实用意义。光子晶体因其有光子带隙的特点,在波导、谐振腔、滤波器等毫米波器件上有很大的尺寸优势。本文结合实际加工条件,利用电磁仿真设计了一种基于光子晶体波导的W波段阻抗调配器并对其进行优化,具有快速调配,适用范围广的优点。     

类蜂巢PCF的结构参数对带隙特性的影响

PCF(光子晶体光纤)在实际拉制过程中包层会形成间隙孔。文章提出一种类蜂巢晶格结构的光纤,利用全矢量PWEM(平面波展开法)分析了该结构的圆形和正六边形纤芯的带隙特性,发现纤芯形状对带隙影响作用比较小,验证了PBG(光子带隙)主要是由包层有序排列的空气孔而形成的。计算分析了包层间隙孔直径dint、包层孔节距Λ和包层空气填充率f对带隙特性的影响。通过模拟计算发现,在一定dint范围内,增大f以及减小Λ,带隙宽度均会增大,并且带隙向高频方向移动。采用实际拉制的光纤进行模场面积计算和PBG分布的理论研究,发现该结构光纤的光主要集中在基模传输,同时在可见光波范围内存在PBG。     

基于PBG结构的双模带通滤波器设计及理论分析

本文应用传输线理论对PBG结构带通滤波器进行分析,并在此基础上仿真、设计一种新颖的K波段的双模带通滤波器.光子带隙结构具有独特的带阻特性,对高次模具有很好的抑制特性,能够提高微波电路系统的抗干扰能力.由于PBG的慢波特性,使得带通滤波器的结构尺寸大为减小,符合系统小型化的要求.在此基础上,就这种结构应用Ensemble软件进行优化仿真.最后制作出滤波器并进行了测试.仿真结果与实验结果吻合很好,插入损耗为-4.5dB,通带中心频率为25.2GHz,-3dB带宽为1.8GHz,相对带宽7%.     

等离子诱导QWI对InP/InGaAsP结构的影响

为了比较简单地在同一外延片上得到具有不同带隙结构的有源器件与无源器件的PIC(光子集成电路)和OEIC(光电子集成电路),采用等离子诱导QWI(量子阱混杂)与RTA(快速热退火)技术获得了InP/InGaAsP结构材料的带隙蓝移,其中通过在材料表面沉积不同占空比的SiO2灰度掩膜来灵活控制带隙偏移量。实验中这种方法在基片上获得了5种带隙波长,其中最大波长偏移为75nm,实验结果说明这种技术是实现PIC和OEIC的有效手段,特别是在多带隙结构中具有广阔的应用前景。     

二维光子带隙结构圆波导特性的分析

利用CST微波工作室软件对二维光子带隙（PBG）结构圆波导的传播特性进行了研究。研究给出了PBG圆波导存在高次缺陷TM模的条件;证实了PBG圆波导不存在缺陷TE模,高次TEmax模有可能由于其场分布主要集中在缺陷区域而非常类似于缺陷TEml模（l〈n）,l与n之间的关系则与PBG圆波导的具体结构有关。并对本文的分析结果和计算方法进行了讨论。     

Periodic bandgap and effective dielectric materials in electromagnetics: characterization and applications in nanocavities and waveguides

The main objectives of this paper are to characterize and develop insight into the performance of photonic bandgap (PBG) periodic dielectric materials and to integrate the results into some novel applications. A powerful computational engine utilizing the finite-difference time-domain technique with periodic boundary conditions/perfectly matched layers integrated with Prony's method is applied to provide an in-depth look at the physics of PBG/periodic bandgap structures. Next, the results are incorporated into two classes of applications in the areas of nanocavity lasers and guidance of electromagnetic (EM) waves in sharp bends. A two-dimensional PBG structure with finite thickness is presented to strongly localize the EM waves in three directions and design a high-Q nanocavity laser. It is shown that the periodic PBG/total internal reflections remarkably trap the EM waves inside the defect region. The effect of the number of periodic cells and defect's dielectric constant on the Q of structure is investigated. It has been found that a seven-layer PBG with a dielectric impurity defect can be used in the design of a laser with a Q as high as 1050. Additionally, potential applications of the PBG structures for guiding the EM waves in sharp bends, namely, 90/spl deg/ and 60/spl deg/ channels are demonstrated. It is shown that shaping the bend by introducing small holes can noticeably improve the guidance of the waves at the bends and channel the EM waves with great efficiency. A comparative study between PBG and effective dielectric materials in controlling the EM waves is also provided and it is observed that the novel characteristics of the PBG cannot be modeled using the effective material for the frequencies within the bandgap.     

Application of Photonic Crystals in Semiconductor Lasers

Photonic crystals(PCs) have attracted much considerable research attention in the past two decades. They are artificially fabricated periodic dielectric structures. The periodic dielectric structures have photonic band gap(PBG) and are referred to as photonic band gap materials. This paper mainly introduces one-dimensional (1-D) and 2D PCs applied in the semiconductor lasers.     

A uniplanar compact photonic-bandgap (UC-PBG) structure and itsapplications for microwave circuit

This paper presents a novel photonic bandgap (PBG) structure for microwave integrated circuits. This new PBG structure is a two-dimensional square lattice with each element consisting of a metal pad and four connecting branches. Experimental results of a microstrip on a substrate with the PEG ground plane displays a broad stopband, as predicted by finite-difference time-domain simulations. Due to the slow-wave effect generated by this unique structure, the period of the PBG lattice is only 0.1λ₀ at the cutoff frequency, resulting in the most compact PEG lattice ever achieved. In the passband, the measured slow-wave factor (β/k₀) is 1.2-2.4 times higher and insertion loss is at the same level compared to a conventional 50-Ω line. This uniplanar compact PBG (UC-PBG) structure can be built using standard planar fabrication techniques without any modification. Several application examples have also been demonstrated, including a nonleaky conductor-backed coplanar waveguide and a compact spurious-free bandpass filter. This UC-PBG structure should find wide applications for high-performance and compact circuit components in microwave and millimeter-wave integrated circuits     

A 100-MESFET planar grid oscillator

A 100-MESFET oscillator which gives 21 W of CW effective radiated power (ERP) with a 16-dB directivity and a 20% DC-to-RF conversion efficiency at 5 GHz is presented. The oscillator is a planar grid structure periodically loaded with transistors. The grid radiates and the devices combine quasi-optically and lock to each other. The oscillator can also be quasi-optically injection-locked to an external signal. The planar grid structure is very simple. All of the devices share the same bias, and they can be power and frequency tuned with a mirror behind the grid or dielectric slabs in front of it. An equivalent circuit for an infinite grid predicts the mirror frequency tuning. The planar property of the oscillator offers the possibility of a wafer-scale monolithically integrated source. Thousands of active solid-state devices can potentially be integrated in a high-power source for microwave or millimeter-wave applications     

Hybrid integration technology of planar circuits and NRD-guide forcost-effective microwave and millimeter-wave applications

An architecture called the hybrid planar/non-radiative-dielectric (NRD) waveguide integrated technology is proposed as a building block for constructing microwave and millimeter-wave circuits. This hybrid approach of integration offers a unique possibility of exploiting inherent complementary advantages of planar structures and NRD waveguides for low-cost wireless applications while eliminating the potential drawbacks associated with both dissimilar structures. Compared to the existing NRD-guide related technology, the proposed framework consists of relocated planar structures on the top and/or the bottom plates of an NRD-guide, sharing the common ground planes. Such a hybrid scheme is particularly suitable for millimeter-wave systems in which active devices can be made with the planar-line technique while passive components can be made with the NRD-guide technique. The two subsets of a complete functional system are interconnected through a class of aperture-based transitions which can be designed to have wide-band performance. In addition, the multichip module (MCM) technique is readily achieved under this proposed scheme. Experimental prototypes, including passive-component and active-device, based on the new hybrid technology presented in this paper, show that the novel hybrid technology promises to be useful in the design of future microwave and millimeter-wave circuits and systems     

Uniplanar one-dimensional photonic-bandgap structures andresonators

This paper presents uniplanar one-dimensional (1-D) periodical structures, so-called photonic-bandgap (PBG) structures, and defect high-Q resonators for coplanar waveguide, coplanar strip line, and slot line. Proposed uniplanar PBG structures consist of 1-D periodically etched slots along a transmission line or alternating characteristic impedance series with wide band-stop filter characteristics. A stop bandwidth obtained is 2.8 GHz with a stopband rejection of 36.5 dB. This PBG performance can be easily improved if the number of cells or the filling factor is modified in a parametric analysis. Using uniplanar 1-D PBG structures, we demonstrate new high-Q defect resonators with full-wave simulation and measured results. These structures based on defect cavity or Fabry-Perot resonators consist of a center resonant line with two sides of PBG reflectors. They achieve a loaded Q of 247.3 and unloaded Q of 299.1. The proposed circuits should have many applications in monolithic and hybrid microwave integrated circuits     

Bragg Reflectors and Resonators in Microstrip Technology Based on Electromagnetic Crystal Structures

Recently, new promising two-dimensional (2-D) Photonic Bandgap Structures (PBG), or more properly Electromagnetic Crystal Structures, for microstrip lines have been proposed. In this paper, we analyze these structures in a manner like a Bragg reflector in optical wavelengths. Joining two of such Bragg like reflectors by means of a conventional microstrip transmission line allows one to design Bragg Resonators. The 2-D periodic pattern of the electromagnetic crystal structure is implemented with circles etched in the ground plane of the microstrip line by means of a numerical milling machine. Simulations have been performed by using HP ^TM Momentum and MDS software, and in accordance with the measurements give, for the Electromagnetic Crystal Structures, new promising potential applications both in microwave and millimeter wave integrated circuits, and also in the experimentation of expensive short wavelength (including photonic) devices by using simpler and cheaper microwave down scaling.     

一种新型一维微带PBG单元结构

通过对传统二维微带 PBG 结构的研究,针对微带线的传播常数是微带线相对于接地板上周期孔眼的两个主轴的位置和方向的敏感参数而不能根据实际情况任意布线的缺点,提出了一种新型一维微带 PBG(photonic bandgap)单元结构及其等效 L-C 电路模型。本文提出的 PBG 传输线可以应用于微波集成电路中,能够减小电路尺寸,且可以抑制高次谐波的产生。     

Whispering-Gallery Modes of Dielectric Structures: Applications to Millimeter-Wave Bandstop Filters

The purpose of this paper is to show the feasibility of millimeter-wave resonators utilizing whispering-gallery (WG) modes excited in planar and cylindrical dielectric structures. Measured resonant frequencies and quality factors in Ka- and W-bands are reported. Their applications to millimeter-wave integrated circuits are also dealt with. For this, a bandstop filter obtained by coupling two WG-mode dielectric resonators to a dielectric image guide is presented at about 35 GHz.     

Influence of a metallic enclosure on the S-parameters of microstripphotonic bandgap structures

Planar microstrip photonic bandgap (PBG) structures are periodic arrays of holes etched in the ground plane of a conventional microstrip line. Most of the published studies considered the PBG as an unshielded structure. However, to fabricate a circuit with a PBG structure, a metallic enclosure is often needed. Thus, the S-parameters of the PBG structure will be altered correspondingly. In this paper, the influence of the metallic enclosure on a shielded PBG structure as well as the finite ground plane on an unshielded PBG structure on the S-parameters are analyzed using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Conditions for which the influence can be neglected are obtained. The results are useful for the applications of PBG structures