乳状液膜法提取浓海水中溴的研究

采用乳状液膜对海水中溴进行提取分离,考查了表面活性剂的用量、内水相浓度、乳水比、油内比等因素对提取性能的影响。结果表明,以民用煤油为溶剂,0.54%体积分数的L-113A为表面活性剂,内相为0.05 mol/L的Na2CO3,油内比为1:1,制乳时间为18 min,萃取接触时间为8 min,乳水比1:40,浓海水溴的提取率达到99.4%,表明乳状液膜能有效的从海水中提取溴。     

乳状液膜法从磷矿浸出液中提取稀土的研究

针对贵州织金磷矿伴生微量稀土元素的特点,采用乳状液膜工艺对磷矿盐酸浸出液进行了稀土提取试验研究。考察了流动载体种类及质量分数、表面活性剂种类及质量分数、内水相盐酸酸度、外水相酸度、油内比、乳水比等因素对稀土提取效果的影响。结果表明:在以Cyanex272为流动载体,质量分数为6%,N205为表面活性剂,质量分数为9%,内水相盐酸酸度为7mol/L,外水相pH为1.4,油内比为1∶1,乳水比为1∶30的条件下,采用Cyanex272-N205-HCl-磺化煤油组成的液膜体系提取稀土,可使稀土提取率达91.60%。     

乳状液膜分离提取荷叶中3种生物碱

建立了用W/O型乳状液膜分离提取荷叶中3种生物碱——N-去甲基荷叶碱、O-去甲基荷叶碱和荷叶碱的方法。通过对迁移时间、表面活性剂Span 80用量、载体D2EHPA浓度、油内比、乳水比和内水相盐酸浓度的优化,获得了高效的液膜体系,为:迁移时间2.5 min,表面活性剂Span 80的质量分数为3.0%,载体D2EHPA的浓度为0.01 mol/L,油内比为10∶6,乳水比为10∶60,内水相盐酸浓度为0.2 mol/L。在优化的实验条件下,对荷叶中3种生物碱N-去甲基荷叶碱、O-去甲基荷叶碱和荷叶碱的萃取率分别达到了95.6%、100%和97.9%,相应的富集因子依次为8.73、8.50和8.04。说明该乳状液膜体系能够很好地分离提取荷叶中的N-去甲基荷叶碱、O-去甲基荷叶碱和荷叶碱。     

乳状液膜处理含醋酸废水的实验研究

对煤油-司班80-液体石蜡-氢氧化钠乳状液膜处理含醋酸废水溶液的过程作了系统研究,分析了影响醋酸脱除率的各个因素,探讨了内水相浓度、乳水比、油内比以及传质搅拌速率的最佳组合方案。实验结果表明,内水相的浓度2 mol/L,油内比1∶1,乳水比1∶6,传质搅拌速率250 r/min,废水中醋酸脱除率可达96%以上。     

皂化P204微乳液膜处理含锌废水的研究

研究以皂化P204为载体的微乳液膜配方及其稳定性.采用P204/Span80/煤油/NaOH微乳体系萃取废水中Zn^2＋,考察了P204与煤油和Span80的质量比、NaOH的浓度、乳水比、外水相pH值、油相重复使用次数等因素对Zn^2＋萃取率的影响.结果表明,当P204与煤油的质量比为1：2.5,P204与Span80的质量比为1：1,NaOH浓度为1.5mol/L,乳水比为1：4（体积比）,废水pH值为5.5时,萃取10min,P204/煤油/NaOH微乳液膜对Zn^2＋萃取率可达99.72%,P204/Span80/煤油/NaOH微乳液膜对Zn^2＋萃取率可达99.98%,微乳液膜不仅稳定性好、萃取效率高,而且工艺简单、膜相可自动破乳、油相可重复使用.     

乳化液膜法提取废水中的阿司匹林

针对阿司匹林（ASA）结晶母液经处理后产生的废液,采用搅拌和超声结合的方法制备了乳化液膜体系来回收ASA。以环己烷为膜溶剂,Span80做表面活性剂,石蜡做膜稳定剂,氢氧化钠（NaOH）为内水相,研究了表面活性剂浓度、内水相NaOH浓度、内水相类型、外相pH、油内比、乳水比、搅拌速度、膜溶剂类型、盐浓度、ASA初始浓度等试验条件对ASA萃取效果的影响,并进行了破乳研究。结果表明：在最佳实验条件下[环己烷90%（质量分数）、Span80 6%（质量分数）、C（NaOH）=0.1mol/L、油内比1：1、水乳比1：4、搅拌速度200r/min、ASA初始浓度500mg/L],不对外相进行pH调节时,15min后ASA的萃取率可高达97.4%。对实验后的乳液进行离心破乳,20min后破乳率可达72.9%,破乳后的油相重复利用5次后,对ASA的提取率仍在76%左右。     

乳化液膜法处理含铅废水的研究

采用磷酸三丁酯-Span80-液体石蜡-煤油液膜体系去除废水中的铅离子。通过实验确定了最佳液膜配比和工艺条件:液膜体系中磷酸三丁酯的含量为10%,Span80为4%,液体石蜡为4%,外水相pH为4,内水相硫酸溶液的浓度为1.0 mol/L,油内比为1∶1,乳水比为1∶4。在此条件下,铅离子的去除率可达95.3%。乳化液膜法与氢氧化镁沉淀、沸石离子交换、活性炭吸附相比,具有更好的去除铅离子的效果。     

煤油-司班80-氢氧化钠液膜分离氨基苯酚的研究

对煤油-司班80-氢氧化钠乳化液膜处理氨基苯酚(邻、间、对氨基苯酚)水溶液的过程作了系统研究,当液膜质量百分比组成为煤油95%,Span 80 5%,内水相的质量百分比浓度为2.5%,油内比1∶1,乳水比1∶5(均为体积比),乳水混合搅拌速率为200 r/min,萃取时间为20 min时,对氨基苯酚脱除率可达75%以上。     

乳化液膜法提取废水中的6-APA

针对6-氨基青霉烷酸(6-APA)母液结晶后剩余的废水,设计了乳化液膜体系来处理废水中的6-APA,以三辛胺作为载体,研究了乳化液中的溶剂类型、载体浓度、内相浓度、油内比〔V(油相)∶V(内相),下同〕、外相p H、乳水比〔V(乳状液膜)∶V(外相),下同〕、传质搅拌速率等因素对6-APA提取效果的影响。结果表明:在乳化液中以煤油为膜溶剂(体积分数为88%)、三辛胺体积分数为5%、液体石蜡体积分数为1%、表面活性剂Span80体积分数为6%、内相Na2CO3质量分数为5%、油内比为2∶1、外相p H=5.5~6.5、乳水比为1∶4、传质搅拌速率为300~350 r/min、反应时间为30 min时,经一级乳化液膜分离之后,6-APA的提取率可达72.9%,二次提取率可达93%以上。乳化液的离心破乳率可达65.2%,破乳后的有机相可重复利用5次,对6-APA的提取率仍可达68%以上。     

乳状液膜法萃取废水中氰化物的特性

针对氰化废水的特点,以三正辛胺（TOA）为载体、煤油为膜溶剂、液体石蜡为膜助剂、NaOH水溶液为内水相,采用乳状液膜技术处理工业废水中的氰化物。重点考察了表面活性剂用量、流动载体用量、内相液NaOH浓度等因素对氰化物萃取率的影响规律。研究结果表明：当TOA体积分数为2%、表面活性剂Span-80体积分数为3%、液体石蜡体积分数为1%、内水相NaOH质量分数为2%、油内比为1︰1、乳水比为1︰7、萃取时间为15min时,氰化废水中氰化物的萃取率达到95%以上。在实验得出的最优条件下,考察最优条件对初始浓度不同的实际废水的适用范围,分别对初始浓度为322.23mg/L、483.35mg/L、644.46mg/L和966.70mg/L的氰化废水进行处理,可得该体系下处理氰化废水的较佳的浓度范围为300～500mg/L,氰化废水中氰化物的萃取率可达到95%以上。综上所述,乳状液膜法在工业上具有良好的应用前景。     

Efficient recovery of phenol from phenolic wastewater by emulsion liquid membrane

The recovery of phenol from phenolic wastewater by emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) was investigated. The W/O emulsion was prepared with kerosene, Span−80, carrier, liquid paraffin, and NaOH solution. The effects of NaOH concentration, oil–internal solution ratio, shearing speed, Span−80 concentration, and carrier type and concentration on emulsion breakage were studied. In the single factor experiments of stability of W/O emulsion, the lowest percentages of emulsion breakage were achieved at a NaOH concentration of 0.03 g/ml, an oil–internal solution ratio of 2:1, a shearing speed of 1500 r/min, a Span−80 concentration of 8%, a tributyl phosphate (TBP) concentration of 0.8%, and an ethyl acetate concentration of 0.8%, respectively. Then, the effects of nine factors on extraction efficiencies of phenol were investigated. This indicated that the effects of shearing speed, oil-internal solution ratio, emulsion-external solution ratio, liquid paraffin concentration, and mixing speed on extraction efficiencies of phenol were limited. However, the carrier concentration, NaOH concentration, Span−80 concentration, and phenol concentration had important impacts on the extraction efficiency of phenol. The extraction efficiency of phenol could reach 99.7%. Besides, the results of orthogonal experiments indicated that during the extraction of phenol by ELM, the order of importance of factors was NaOH concentration > emulsion-external solution ratio > volume fraction of Span−80 > volume fraction of TBP. After extraction, the recycled emulsion with Span−80 could not easily be effectively demulsified through heating, which only provided the highest demulsification efficiency of 18.2%. However, the recycled emulsion could be effectively demulsified through centrifugation, which could get the highest demulsification efficiency of 86% at a centrifugal rotational speed of 2000 r/min and a centrifugal time of 25 min.     

聚甲基丙烯酸十二酯-丙烯酸共聚物对乳状液膜中Cu2+迁移的影响

将两亲共聚物聚甲基丙烯酸十二酯-丙烯酸[P(DM-AA)]作为膜稳定剂加到由Span-80作表面活性剂、二-(2-乙基己基)磷酸(HDEHP)作流动载体、煤油和液体石蜡作膜溶剂及硫酸稀溶液作内相而组成的W/O型乳状液膜中,研究了此体系对Cu2+的迁移作用. 结果表明,由于两亲高分子的空间稳定作用而导致乳液膜对Cu2+具有较好的迁移效果. 最优条件为：在膜相中P(DM-AA)含量 3.0%, Span-80 4.0%, HDEHP 3.0%, 石蜡6.0%(w), 膜相:料相=1:10(j), [H+]=1.0 mol/L,接触时间6 min,搅拌速率200~300 r/min. 此外,还探讨了乳状液膜的结构和Cu2+迁移的机理,认为其迁移属于异向耦合传输机理.     

液膜法分离回收废水中锰（Ⅶ）工艺及其分离机理研究

采用N7301为流动载体,Span-80为表面活性剂,煤油为膜溶剂,以H2SO4为内相试剂的乳状液膜体系分离回收废水中的MnO~-_4。研究了迁移机理,确定了制乳、分离等最佳操作条件。结果表明,对于7-125mg/L低浓度的含锰废水,一次性分离可降至0.1mg/L以下,锰的回收率达99.8％。     

Extraction of Amino-J Acid from Waste-water by Emulsion Liquid Membrane

The emulsion liquid membrane technique was used to extract amino-J acid from industrial dye waste-water. The effects of stirring speed, ratio of the emulsion to water (Rew), ratio of the oil to internal phase (Roi) and membrane phase components on the extraction rate were investigated and optimized. The results showed that the extraction rate of amino-J acid approached 97% when the stirring speed was 300 r/min, Rew 1:6, Roi 1:1, trioctylamine (TOA) 3 mL/100 mL kerosene, and methyl-didecyle-alcohol-acrylate (LMA-2) 3 g/100 mL kerosene, respectively. The extraction rate had not changed with the oil phase reused for times.     

Separation of cadmium(II) from spent nickel/cadmium battery by emulsion liquid membrane

Experiments were conducted to investigate the separation of cadmium(II) from spent nickel/cadmium battery by emulsion liquid membrane. Liquid membrane mainly consisted of a diluent (kerosene), a surfactant (Span 80), a carrier (di(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid, D2EHPA) and an internal phase (sulfuric acid). Main research effort was focused on the identification of optimal parameters affecting the separation process, such as D2EHPA (4.4 vol%), Span 80 (6.6 vol%), pH in the external phase (3.0), treat ratio (0.4), agitation time (10 min), and sulfuric acid concentration (1500 mol / m³). With the selected emulsion liquid membrane to separate cadmium(II) from the leaching solution of spent nickel/cadmium battery, the fraction extracted of cadmium(II) ions (0.963) was much more than that of nickel(II) ions (0.026). The organic membrane phase after demulsification was re‐mulsification and recycled up to eight times.     

以D2EHPA-TOPO为载体的乳化液膜体系萃取磷酸中La（Ⅲ）的工艺及传质机理研究

通过以二（2-乙基己基）磷酸酯／氧化三辛基膦（D2EHPA／TOPO）为流动载体,磺化聚丁二烯（LYF）为表面活性剂,液体石蜡为膜增溶剂,煤油为稀释剂,盐酸为内水相的W／O型乳液,与含La（Ⅲ）的磷酸的外水相进行萃取的过程,制备了W／O／W的双重乳化液膜体系,用单因素法考察了载体浓度,表面活性剂浓度,内相酸度,水乳比等对液膜提取率的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件,迁移率达94．21％以上。并以单浓度递变斜率法研究了载体浓度,表面活性剂浓度,磷酸浓度,H2PO4^-浓度,水相平衡H^＋浓度对分配比的影响,推导出了该乳化液膜的传质机理所经历的步骤。传质机理中包括萃取-反萃表达式,和协萃物组成La（H2PO4）L2（HL）2·（H3PO4）·2TOPO。     

乳状液膜系统稳定性的显微研究及Cr(VI)离子分离效率分析

采用毛细显微摄像技术,对乳状液膜系统的稳定性进行了微观研究并分析了稳定性对液膜分离效率的影响. 实验中将含重金属离子Cr(VI)的工业废水作为外水相,采用TBP-Span80-煤油体系作为油膜相,NaOH溶液作为内水相,制备了单个W1/O/W2型双重乳液颗粒系统,通过显微镜直观、实时地观察不同组成的双重乳液系统的稳定性,同时采用此乳状液膜体系对废水中的Cr(VI)进行了去除实验,将实验与机理研究相结合,通过研究pH值、表面活性剂、载体及内水相组成等对乳状液膜稳定性和Cr(VI)提取率的影响,阐明了液膜稳定性与液膜法去除Cr(VI)的分离效率之间的内在联系. 实验结果表明,在选择条件下,经过一次性处理10 min后,Cr(VI)的提取率可达99.3%以上,残余质量浓度降至0.5 mg/L,达到国家排放标准.     

Easy removing of phenol from wastewater using vegetable oil-based organic solvent in emulsion liquid membrane process

Phenol is considered as pollutant due to its toxicity and carcinogenic effect.Thus,variety of innovative methods for separation and recovery of phenolic compounds is developed in order to remove the unwanted phenol from wastewater and obtain valuable phenolic compound.One of potential method is extraction using green based liquid organic solvent.Therefore,the feasibility of using palm oil was investigated.In this research,palm oil based organic phase was used as diluents to treat a simulated wastewater containing 300×10~(-6) of phenol solution using emulsion liquid membrane process(ELM).The stability of water-in-oil(W/O) emulsion on diluent composition and the parameters affecting the phenol removal efficiency and stability of the emulsion;such as emulsification speed,emulsification time,agitation speed,surfactant concentration,pH of external phase,contact time,stripping agent concentration and treat ratio were carried out.The results of ELM study showed that at ratio7 to 3 of palm oil to kerosene,5 min and 1300 r·min~(-1) of emulsification process the stabile primary emulsion were formed.Also,no carrier is needed to facilitate the phenol extraction.In experimental conditions of500 r·min~(-1) of agitation speed,3%Span 80,pH 8 of external phase,5 min of contact time,0.1 mol·L~(-1) NaOH as stripping agent and 1:10 of treat ratio,the ELM process was very promising for removing the phenol from the wastewater.The extraction performance at about 83%of phenol was removed for simulated wastewater and an enrichment of phenol in recovery phase as phenolate compound was around 11 times.     

磷酸三丁酯为载体的乳状液膜体系迁移钇(Ⅲ)的研究

用磷酸三丁酯（ＴＢＰ）－ＬＭＳ－２－磺化煤油乳状液膜体系研究了Ｙ（Ⅲ）的迁移行为。当膜相体积分数为５．０％ＴＢＰ和２．０％ＬＭＳ－２,内相为０．０１ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＨＣＯ３,外相含６ｍｏｌ／ＬＮＨ４ＮＯ３,酸度为ｐＨ＝３时,Ｙ（Ⅲ）能快速并完全迁移。常见过渡元素离子如Ｆｅ２＋,Ｃｏ２＋,Ｎｉ２＋,Ｍｎ２＋,Ｚｎ２＋等均不迁移,故可以从这些离子的混合液中分离Ｙ（Ⅲ）,回收率可达９８％以上。