镍基铸造高温合金低周疲劳研究进展

镍基铸造高温合金具有优异的高温性能,广泛应用于航空发动机涡轮叶片等热端部件之中。航空发动机涡轮叶片是发动机中工作环境最为恶劣、结构最为复杂的零件之一,在发动机运行过程中所产生的高温交变应力的作用下,合金承受着严重的应力、应变循环损伤,裂纹往往在合金中的薄弱区域形成并扩展,使合金以低周疲劳的模式失效,严重影响了合金的服役寿命,因此对合金低周疲劳性能的研究尤为重要。本文详细阐述了影响镍基铸造高温合金低周疲劳性能的表面缺陷、内部组织及缺陷、晶体取向和低周疲劳试验条件等四方面因素,从位错运动方式和形态变化特点出发,研究了不同温度下镍基铸造合金的变形机制,最后总结了合金低周疲劳寿命预测的应力应变准则、能量准则、损伤累积准则及临界面和临界距离准则。     

Fatigue damage analysis on body shell of a passenger vehicle

A method for design durability qualification of a vehicle body shell is presented. Field test data were used to produce an accelerated durability test that retains all of the damaging real time load histories present in the original test cycle. Fatigue analysis methods are used to access and compare the fatigue damage imposed during durability test and laboratory (torsion) experiments. A numerical methodology (FEM) was used to determine the critical local stresses on the component. These stresses were then experimentally measured by using strain gauges. Field tests were performed over public road tracks (stone paved and land surfaces) for loaded and empty vehicles in the customer environment. This acquired data was used to simulate durability tests in laboratory. A correlation between the results obtained in the durability tests and those obtained in a torsion experiment in laboratory was done.     

天然橡胶/顺丁橡胶共混物疲劳历程的研究

采用扫描电子显微镜、电性能测定和热重法等分析手段，研究了炭黑补强的天然橡胶／顺丁橡胶共混硫化胶的疲劳历程，探索了其内在的疲劳损伤机理。     

TB6钛合金疲劳及裂纹扩展性能研究

本文对TB6钛合金锻件弦向和径向两种取样方向分别进行了室温和200℃下旋转弯曲高周疲劳、轴向低周疲劳和疲劳裂纹扩展性能试验研究。试验结果表明,弦向（C）和径向（R）两种取样方向对该合金锻件的旋转弯曲高周疲劳、轴向低周疲劳性能和疲劳裂纹扩展性能没有影响;温度升高可加速该合金锻件的疲劳裂纹萌生,但在裂纹扩展阶段,该合金高温下的韧性优势与屈服强度降低的劣势平衡的结果使其在室温～200℃温度范围内的疲劳性能基本不受温度的影响;在10—20mm的厚度范围内,厚度对该合金的疲劳裂纹扩展性能没有影响;在3．5％NaCl盐雾环境中。腐蚀介质对TB6钛合金的疲劳裂纹扩展速率在初始阶段有迟滞作用,但在应力强度因子范围大于14MPa m后有加速作用。     

Behavior of Fe-Mn-Al-C steels during cyclic tests

Alloys of the FeMnAlC system have been used for cryogenic purposes and for applications up to 673 K. At low temperatures, they have in general a better performance than austenitic Cr-Ni steels as far as fatigue is concerned, but are inferior to martensitic Cr steels. However, since the fatigue strength of FeMnAlC alloys in the temperature range of 523 to 823 K is higher than at room temperature, the present work has been conducted to describe the behavior of such alloys under the action of cyclic loading, including elasto-plastic deformation and cyclic temperatures. It has been concluded that components can be successfully subjected to cyclic loads in the elasto-plastic regime and to periodic changes in temperature under normal service conditions.     

高浓度渗碳及其性能研究

对比研究了高浓度渗碳与常规渗碳后试样的组织和性能。结果表明：高浓度渗碳试样的硬度，耐磨性，接触疲劳性能最高，弯曲疲劳性能与常规渗碳试样的大致相同，并对试验结果进行了较为系统的微观机理分析。     

超声频分量双周疲劳载荷作用下焊接接头疲劳行为

使用带超声频载荷分量的双周疲劳试验装置对Q345钢焊接接头分别进行纯低周、纯高周以及双周循环加载条件下的疲劳试验.应力比R为O.5,高周载荷频率约19 kHz.结果表明,叠加于大幅低周循环载荷上的小幅高周循环载荷及叠加于大幅高周循环载荷上的小幅低周循环载荷都能够对焊接接头造成严重的疲劳损伤.通过按外包络线表征双周疲劳强度,如果疲劳寿命使用低周载荷循环周次表征,低估了高周载荷分量对焊接接头造成的损伤;如果疲劳寿命使用高周载荷循环周次表征,又高估了低周载荷分量对焊接接头造成的损伤.     

组织状态对循环冲击及非冲击载荷下裂纹扩展的影响

本文对10~#钢和45CrNi合金钢的几种组织状态分别进行了冲击疲劳及非冲击疲劳裂纹扩展试验,结果表明:45CrNi的组织状态对冲击疲劳裂纹扩展的影响较对非冲击疲劳的大;10~#钢的组织状态对两种载荷下的裂纹扩展基本上无影响。结合微观机制和载荷特性,讨论了组织因素对冲击、非冲击疲劳裂纹扩展的影响。     

疲劳损伤定量分析与失效评估研究进展

本文对疲劳损伤定量分析的理论和模型、断口定量分析疲劳寿命、疲劳应力以及对工程构件安全使用具有重要意义的基于损伤容限设计思想的原始疲劳质量与失效评估技术的研究现状进行了分析.通过断口定量反推疲劳应力和疲劳寿命应用最多的是Paris公式,疲劳裂纹萌生寿命目前还无法直接从断口上反推出来,一般通过人为设定a0值的方法计算疲劳裂纹萌生寿命.相对而言,国外对在役构件的剩余寿命评估方面开展了较多的工作.本文分析比较了国内外在疲劳损伤定量分析与失效评估研究的侧重点和思路的异同,并指出了加强失效分析在产品设计、生产、使用和维护各个环节的应用力度及开展失效评估技术研究是失效分析领域发展的两个重要方向.     

J.H.1957铝合金活塞断裂分析

东风四型机车内燃机上所用Ｊ．Ｈ．１９５７活塞,在运行约１．８×１０８ｍ后出现断裂。采用扫描电镜等手段分析了断裂活塞,结果表明活塞断裂的性质属于疲劳断裂。疲劳源是Ｕ形槽根部表面上的切削刀痕。     

发动机传动轴齿轮断裂失效分析

某发动机累计工作66min后,传动轴齿轮上有两个齿发生了断裂,与其相配合的片齿轮未发现任何损伤.对传动轴齿轮和片齿轮的齿形、齿向进行了检测,结果表明,传动轴齿轮和片齿轮的齿形和齿向参数符合技术要求.对传动轴断齿的宏微观特征进行了观察与分析,并对传动轴和片齿轮的渗层深度、金相组织进行了检测.结果表明,传动轴断齿的断裂性质为疲劳断裂,传动轴齿表面硬度偏低和片齿轮表面硬度偏高导致传动轴齿表面接触疲劳剥落,传动轴齿轮表面渗层出现的连续网状氮化物是促进其疲劳断裂的又一个影响因素.建议完善传动轴和片齿轮的表面处理工艺参数,加强控制工艺过程.     

铁电陶瓷材料在交变电场作用下疲劳研究进展

通过对铁电陶瓷疲劳失效研究现状的文献综述，概述了国内外存电疲劳和电致疲劳的机理、影响因素和实验手段等方面的研究进展。通过分别对各类电疲劳机理和各种电致疲劳模犁进行讨论，比较了各种理论和模型之间的不同之处，指出了为掌握铁电陶瓷疲劳失效机理尚需解决和澄清的问题。     

Effect of details of vertical stiffener on fatigue behavior of welding plate beams

The design of the vertical stiffener details is important in the anti-fa-tigue design of the welded steel plate beams.There still exist different opinionson the selection of the design parameters and the effect of the shear stress.Inthe present study,the effects of the welding process(semi-automatic welding,manual welding)and the connecting location of vertical stiffener(welded to theweb or to the flange)on the fatigue behaviour in the regions subjected to thepure bending and subjected to the bending and shearing are investigated by test-ing the simulation beams of large scale.The analysis of the fatigue test resultsshows that the normal bending stress is the governing factor to the fatiguestrength.     

焊补对SMA490BW焊接接头疲劳性能的影响

利用MTS-810疲劳试验机测试了耐候钢SMA490BW对接接头原始焊件、一次焊补件、二次焊补件的疲劳性能. 分别拟合了三类接头的均值S-N曲线和存活率95%、置信度75%的P-C-S-N曲线. 分析了焊补对焊接接头疲劳性能的影响. 结果表明,三组疲劳数据点基本在允许的分散带内,焊补没有对焊接接头疲劳性能造成明显的影响. 将三组数据整合在一起作为一个样本,运用成组法和升降法数据处理思想获得疲劳曲线. 并通过八节点法绘制了疲劳极限图Goodman-Smith图,为转向架焊补后疲劳强度校核提供了依据.     

STUDY ON FATIGUE DAMAGE BELOW THE FATIGUE LIMIT AND THE COAXING EFFECTS

ＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＦＡＴＩＧＵＥＤＡＭＡＧＥＢＥＬＯＷＴＨＥＦＡＴＩＧＵＥＬＩＭＩＴＡＮＤＴＨＥＣＯＡＸＩＮＧＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＷＵＺｈｉｘｕｅ;ＬＵＷｅｎｇｅａｎｄＸＵＨａｏ１）（ＦｕｓｈｕｎＰｅｔｒｏｌｅｕｍｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ,Ｆｕｓｈｕｎ１１３００１,...     

疲劳寿命预测方法综述

综述了疲劳裂纹形成寿命和疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的预测方法,评述了各种不同预测方法的基本假设、估算步骤和特点,并对疲劳寿命预测方法进一步的发展方向作了展望。     

HIGHTEMPERATURE LOWCYCLE FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF NICKELBASED SUPERALLOY GH4049

１．ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＧＨ４０４９ｉｓａｗｒｏｕｇｈｔｎｉｃｋｅｌｂａｓｅｄｓｕｐｅｒａｌｏｙｉｎｗｈｉｃｈγ′ｈａｓｂｅｅｎｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｅｄａｓｔｈｅｐｒｉｍａｒｙｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｅｎｉｎｇｐｈａｓｅ．Ｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｉｓａｌｏｙｅｘｈ...     

P92钢630 ℃下的高温低周疲劳行为分析

P92钢作为新一代耐热钢,其服役温度正随着超超临界机组的不断推广而逐渐提高,而高温疲劳性能对保证电厂的安全运行具有重大作用.文中通过P92钢630℃下的疲劳试验,研究了其在不同应变幅和应变速率下的疲劳寿命以及应力—应变关系,并结合断口形貌分析了P92钢的断裂机理.结果表明,P92钢属于高温循环软化材料,其疲劳寿命随塑性应变幅的增大而呈指数下降,同时应变速率的增大会导致其疲劳寿命的增大.P92钢疲劳断口分为疲劳源区、裂纹扩展区以及断裂区.高应变幅下蠕变孔洞和二次裂纹的增加是导致其疲劳寿命降低的主要原因.     

Ti-6Al-4V合金的超高周疲劳行为

采用超声疲劳实验分别确定了双态和网篮两种组织的Ti-6Al-4V合金的疲劳寿命(S-N)曲线,并用SEM观察疲劳断口.结果表明,两种组织合金的S-N曲线均保持下降趋势,在105-109cyc间不出现水平段,不存在传统意义的疲劳极限,断口形貌分析表明,随着应力幅的降低,二者的裂纹萌生位置都发生了由试样表面到内部的转变.与加载频率为25 Hz时的疲劳实验结果进行比较后发现,超声疲劳加载条件下,疲劳强度提高,疲劳寿命延长,且频率对网篮组织合金疲劳性能的影响大于对双态组织的影响.     

FATIGUE LIVES FOR INDUCTION HARDENED SHAFTS MATERIALS ACCORDING TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURES

Rotary bending fatigue tests were carried out with two kinds of materials, S43C and S50C, using the front engine and front drive shaft （FF shaft） of vehicle. The specimens were induction hardened about 1.0mm depth from the specimen surface, and the hardness value on the surface was about HRC56-60. The tested environment temperatures were -30, 25 and 80℃ in order to look over effect of the induction hardening and the environmental temperatures on the fatigue characteristics. The fatigue limit of induction hardened specimens increased more about 45% than non-hardened specimens showing that the endurances of S43C and S50C were 98.1 and 107.9MPa in non-hardened samples, 147.1 and 156.9MPa in hardened samplesrespectably. The maximum tensile and compressive stress on the small circular defect was about ＋250 and -450MPa respectively when circular defect is situated on top and bottom. The fatigue life increased 80, 25 and -30℃ in order regardless of hardening. In comparison of the fatigue lives on the basis of tested result at 25℃, the fatigue lives of non-hardened specimens decreased about 35%, but that of hardened specimens decreased about only 5% at 80℃ more than at 25℃. And fatigue life of non-hardened and hardened specimens were about 110% and 120% higher at -30℃ than that of 25℃. Based on the result of stress distribution near the defect, the tensile and compressive stress repeatedly generated by load direction were the largest on the small circular defect due to the stress concentration.