基于阶次双谱的齿轮箱升降速过程故障诊断研究

针对齿轮箱升降速过程中振动信号非平稳的特点，将常规的阶次分析与双谱分析技术相结合，提出了基于阶次双谱的齿轮箱故障诊断方法。首先对齿轮箱升降速瞬态信号进行时域采样，再对时域信号进行等角度重采样，转化为角域平稳信号，最后对角域重采样信号进行双谱分析，就可提取轴承的故障特征。通过对轴承内圈故障实验信号的分析表明，该方法能有效地识别轴承的故障。     

利用倒阶次谱和经验模态分解的轴承故障诊断

针对齿轮箱升降速过程中振动信号非平稳的特点,将阶次跟踪分析与希尔波特-黄变换技术相结合,提出了基于倒阶次谱和经验模态分解的滚动轴承故障诊断方法.首先,对齿轮箱加速时测得的瞬态信号进行时域采样,对时域信号进行等角度重采样,转化为角域伪平稳信号,然后对角域信号进行经验模态分解.最后,对包含轴承故障信息的高频固有模态函数进行倒阶次谱分析,就可以提取轴承的故障特征.通过对轴承内圈和外圈故障信号的分析表明,该方法能准确识别轴承的故障类型和部位.     

基于小波包和阶次包络谱的轴承故障诊断

研究旋转机械在变速过程中振动信号的分析方法。利用小波包提取了齿轮箱启动过程中振动信号的高频成分,并对其进行了角域重采样,在此基础上利用H ilbert包络解调得到轴承故障信息的阶次包络谱。结果显示:将小波包和阶次包络谱分析法相结合处理轴承瞬态信号时,能够有效地避免传统频谱方法无法解决的“频率模糊”现象,对轴承的早期故障有一定的识别能力,是对传统的频谱分析法的有力补充。     

基于阶次跟踪和变换时频谱的轴承故障诊断

综合利用阶次跟踪和Teager-Huang变换时频分析技术,进行齿轮箱起动过程轴承故障诊断.首先,对齿轮箱升降速瞬态信号进行时域同步采样,并对时域信号进行等角度重采样转化为角域平稳信号,再对角域信号进行EMD分解,将振动信号分解成不同特征时间尺度的单分量固有模态函数.然后,用Teager能量算子计算各固有模态函数的瞬时频率和瞬时幅值,进而得到Teager-Huang变换时频谱.通过对齿轮箱起动过程轴承故障振动信号的分析表明,该方法能有效地识别轴承故障.     

基于阶次跟踪和经验模态分解的滚动轴承包络解调分析

针对齿轮箱升降速过程中振动信号非平稳的特点,将计算阶次跟踪方法与经验模态分解技术相结合,提出一种研究旋转机械瞬态信号故障诊断的分析方法。首先对齿轮箱启动时测得的振动信号进行时域采样,再对时域信号进行等角度重采样,将其转化为角域准平稳信号,然后对角域里的信号进行经验模态分解得到多个固有模态函数分量,最后对包含轴承故障信息的高频固有模态分量进行包络解调分析。结果显示：阶次跟踪技术能够有效地避免传统频谱方法所无法解决的“频率模糊”现象,将非平稳信号转化为准平稳信号;经验模态分解方法能够提取包含故障信息的固有模态分量,将两种方法相结合是对传统频谱分析法的有力补充,具有很广阔的应用前景。     

齿轮箱起动过程故障诊断

针对齿轮箱升降速过程中振动信号非平稳的特点,将阶次跟踪、角域平均和Teager能量算子分析技术相结合,提出了基于阶次跟踪和Teager能量算子分析的齿轮箱故障诊断方法.首先对齿轮箱升降速瞬态信号进行时域同步采样,再对时域信号进行等角度重采样,转化为角域平稳信号,然后对角域信号进行角域平均和带通滤波,以消除干扰噪声的影响,最后由Teager能量算子计算振动信号的瞬时频率和瞬时幅值,根据瞬时频率和瞬时幅值图,就可提取齿轮的故障特征.通过对齿轮齿根裂纹故障试验信号的分析,表明该方法能有效地诊断齿轮的裂纹故障.     

运用阶次跟踪和奇异谱降噪诊断齿轮早期故障

针对齿轮箱升降速过程中振动信号非平稳的特点,将阶次跟踪分析与奇异谱降噪技术相结合,提出了一种针对齿轮早期故障的诊断方法。首先对齿轮箱加速时测得的瞬态信号进行时域采样,再对时域信号进行等角域重采样,转化为角域伪稳态信号;然后对角域信号进行奇异谱降噪处理,以减小背景噪声的影响;最后对降噪后的信号进行阶次谱分析。通过对齿轮箱早期故障信号的分析表明,该方法能准确地识别出齿轮的故障特征。     

基于c．RIO的阶次跟踪分析在风力发电中的应用

针对风力发电机组齿轮箱变速过程中振动信号非平稳的特点,将阶次跟踪和信号包络提取技术相结合,提出了一种针对齿轮点蚀故障的诊断方法。首先利用Compact RIO对齿轮箱的振动信号进行了时域数据采集,然后对时域信号进行了包络提取,进而对时域包络信号进行等角域重采样得到等角域包络信号,最后对等角域包络信号进行了阶次跟踪分析;通过对比正常齿轮和点蚀故障齿轮的包络阶次谱,进而找到了点蚀故障齿轮的故障频率特征。模拟仿真结果表明,阶次跟踪分析可以解决传统傅里叶变换在处理非平稳信号时的“频谱模糊”现象。通过齿轮点蚀故障试验的分析,结果表明包络阶次谱能够用于有效地分析出点蚀故障齿轮的特征频率,阶次跟踪分析在风力发电机组齿轮箱的故障诊断中具有广阔的应用前景。     

快速谱峭度结合阶次分析滚动轴承故障诊断

针对变速齿轮箱振动信号非平稳、强干扰及信号调制等特征,导致滚动轴承故障难以精确诊断,提出了融合快速谱峭度的滚动轴承故障包络阶次谱诊断方法。采用快速谱峭度自适应确定滤波参数,对时域信号进行带通滤波和包络以提高信噪比,将包络后时域非平稳信号重采样后转换为角域伪平稳信号,消除“频率模糊”,对角域包络信号频谱分析得到阶次包络谱,根据阶次特征对比实现滚动轴承故障诊断,完成了从600~1 500 r/min升速过程中齿轮箱滚动轴承外圈故障的模拟与信号分析实验。结果表明,所提出的方法故障特征阶次最大误差为1.84%,能够有效提取变速工况下滚动轴承故障特征并判定其类型。     

基于角域平均和倒阶次谱分析的齿轮箱故障诊断

本文研究旋转机械非稳态信号的分析方法。对等时间间隔采样的齿轮箱振动信号,利用插值算法实现角域重采样。为了抑制与工频无关的噪声信号以提高信噪比,对重采样信号进行了角域平均。将倒频分析引入阶次分析中,以检测出功率谱中难以辨识的周期性。以上方法成功地识别了齿根裂纹故障,说明了对旋转机械非稳态信号进行角域平均和倒阶次谱分析的可行性和有效性。     

DEVELOPMENT OF VIRTUAL INSTRUMENT IN CHARACTERISTIC ANALYSIS OF ROTATING MACHINERY BASED ON INSTANTANEOUS FREQUENCY ESTIMATION

Based on the recently quick-developing time-frequency analysis (TFA) technique and virtual instrument (VI) technique, a virtual instrument in characteristic analysis of rotating machinery is researched and developed successfully. By utilizing instantaneous frequency estimation (IFE) theoretics of TFA technique, and based on IFE of peak searching on the time-frequency spectrum, order analysis (OA) functions is put forward and implemented, such as order spectrum, order spectrum matrix, order tracking, order tracking filtering, and order component extraction, etc. Unlike the home and abroad existing popular characteristic analyzers, which need key phasing devices such as shaft encoder, phase-locked loop (PLL), phase-locked multiple frequency, tachometer, etc, to implement constant angle sampling directly or indirectly, whereas this instrument only uses the vibration signal of rotating machinery to carry out OA. This instrument makes up the shortage of these traditional instruments in analyzing the non-stati     

瞬时频率估计的齿轮箱升降速信号阶次跟踪

提出了基于瞬时频率估计的齿轮箱升降速信号阶次跟踪的新方法。首先对振动信号进行经验模态分解得到信号的固有模态函数，再求各个固有模态函数的Hilbert变换，得到信号的瞬时频率，从而直接从振动信号得到参考轴的转速信号，然后根据参考轴的转速信号对时域振动信号进行等角度重采样，最后对重采样信号进行阶次分析。通过仿真信号和对齿轮磨损故障实验信号的分析，表明该方法能有效地诊断齿轮的故障。     

Bearing fault detection and diagnosis based on order tracking and Teager-Huang transform

The vibration signal of the run-up or run-down process is more complex than that of the stationary process. A novel approach to fault diagnosis of roller bearing under run-up condition based on order tracking and Teager-Huang transform (THT) is presented. This method is based on order tracking, empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and Teager Kaiser energy operator (TKEO) technique. The nonstationary vibration signals are transformed from the time domain transient signal to angle domain stationary one using order tracking. EMD can adaptively decompose the vibration signal into a series of zero mean amplitude modulation-frequency modulation (AM-FM) intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). TKEO can track the instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous frequency of the AM-FM component at any instant. Experimental examples are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The experimental results provide strong evidence that the performance of the Teager-Huang transform approach is better to that of the Hilbert-Huang transform approach for bearing fault detection and diagnosis. The Teager-Huang transform has better resolution than that of Hilbert-Huang transform. Teager-Huang transform can effectively diagnose the faults of the bearing, thus providing a viable processing tool for gearbox defect monitoring.     

The envelope order spectrum based on generalized demodulation time–frequency analysis and its application to gear fault diagnosis

The generalized demodulation time–frequency analysis is a novel signal processing method, which is particularly suitable for the processing of multi-component amplitude-modulated and frequency-modulated (AM–FM) signals as it can decompose a multi-component signal into a set of single-component signals whose instantaneous frequencies own physical meaning. While fault occurs in gear, the vibration signals measured from gearbox would exactly display AM–FM characteristics. Therefore, targeting the modulation feature of gear vibration signal in run-ups and run-downs, a fault diagnosis method in which generalized demodulation time–frequency analysis and envelope order spectrum technique are combined is put forward and applied to the transient analysis of gear vibration signal. Firstly the multi-component vibration signal of gear is decomposed into some mono-component signals using the generalized demodulation time–frequency analysis approach; secondly the envelope analysis is performed to each single-component signal; thirdly each envelope signal is re-sampled in angle domain; finally the spectrum analysis is applied to each re-sampled signal and the corresponding envelope order spectrum can be obtained. Furthermore, the gear working condition can be identified according to the envelope order spectrum. The analysis results from the simulation and experimental signals show that the proposed algorithm was effective in gear fault diagnosis.     

基于包络加窗同步平均的行星齿轮箱特征提取

行星齿轮箱由于行星轮通过效应、太阳轮与行星架的旋转及时变工况,导致其振动响应存在时变传递路径及非平稳性等特点,且传统的同步平均将不能直接应用于行星齿轮箱。笔者在国外加窗同步平均的基础上提出一种能有效克服时变传递路径及非平稳性的基于包络信号角域加窗同步平均的行星齿轮箱故障特征提取方法。首先,基于谱峭度提取出行星齿轮箱振动信号的包络信号;其次,再利用计算阶比跟踪技术对包络信号进行等角度重采样,行星架每旋转一圈,选择合适的窗函数对角域信号进行多齿宽加窗截取;最后,验证齿轮啮合齿序特征,根据重排齿序对加窗信号进行重构振动分离信号,对振动分离信号进行角域同步平均,提取行星齿轮箱故障特征。行星齿轮箱故障实测信号分析表明,该方法能有效提取行星齿轮箱故障特征。